{"slug": "prince-of-wales", "label": "Prince of Wales", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Wales", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180729", "qid": "Q180729", "description": "royal title held by the heir to the British (previously the English) throne, and prior to that by Welsh princes", "entries": 32, "years": 28, "span": [1136, 1958], "span_label": ["1136 CE", "1958 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 17}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "wales", "label": "Wales", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "frederick-prince-of-wales", "label": "Frederick, Prince of Wales", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "owain-glyndwr", "label": "Owain Glyndŵr", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "george-ii-of-great-britain", "label": "George II of Great Britain", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-v-of-england", "label": "Henry V of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "llywelyn-ap-gruffudd", "label": "Llywelyn ap Gruffudd", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "edward-i", "label": "Edward I", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "edward-ii", "label": "Edward II", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "queen-victoria", "label": "Queen Victoria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-viii", "label": "Henry VIII", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "arthur-prince-of-wales", "label": "Arthur, Prince of Wales", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1136, "year_label": "1136 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "October – Battle of Crug Mawr (Great Barrow): King Owain Gwynedd (styled \"Prince of Wales\") defeats the Norman and Flemish forces under Robert Fitz Martin, securing the control of Ceredigion (West Wales).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584360#Britain", "title": "1136", "revid": 1365584360, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1258, "year_label": "1258 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Llywelyn ap Gruffudd proclaims himself Prince of Wales, first used in an agreement between Llywelyn and his supporters and the Scottish nobility. He becomes the final ruler of an independent Wales before the conquest of Wales by Edward I of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318120479#British_Isles", "title": "1258", "revid": 1318120479, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1267, "year_label": "1267 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 29", "text": "September 29 – Treaty of Montgomery: King Henry III of England acknowledges Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's title of Prince of Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359629010#Europe", "title": "1267", "revid": 1359629010, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1283, "year_label": "1283 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3 – The last ruler of an independent Wales, Dafydd ap Gruffydd (David), Prince of Wales, is executed in Shrewsbury, the first prominent person in history to be hanged, drawn and quartered, as capital punishment for the newly created crime of high treason (against Edward I of England).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347549431#British_Isles", "title": "1283", "revid": 1347549431, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1284, "year_label": "1284 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – Statute of Rhuddlan: King Edward I of England brings Wales under direct rule after the Welsh Wars (1277–1283). He appoints sheriffs and bailiffs for the northern territories while the southern areas are left under the control of the Marcher Lords. English law is introduced in criminal cases, though the Welsh are allowed to maintain their customary laws in some cases of property disputes. He arranges a Round Table (tournament) at Nefyn in Wales and promises the Welsh that he will provide them with a Prince of Wales. On April 25, his son, the future Edward II of England, is born at Caernarfon Castle in Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370723758#British_Isles", "title": "1284", "revid": 1370723758, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1295, "year_label": "1295 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – Battle of Maes Moydog: English forces led by William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick defeat the Welsh rebels (some 700 men), near the modern-day town of Llanfair Caereinion in Wales. In a night attack on the Welsh infantry, William uses cavalry to drive them into compact formations, which are then shot up by his archers. Madog ap Llywelyn, proclaimed \"Prince of Wales\", and the remnants of his army are routed and retreat across the Banwy River, in which many drown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368220335#Britain", "title": "1295", "revid": 1368220335, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1301, "year_label": "1301 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 7", "text": "February 7 – The 16-year-old Prince Edward of Caernarfon, son and heir of King Edward I (\"Edward Longshanks\"), becomes the first English Prince of Wales and is also granted the royal lands in Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694592#January–_March", "title": "1301", "revid": 1361694592, "section": "Events › January– March"}}, {"year": 1359, "year_label": "1359 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "probable – Owain Glyndŵr, last Welsh Prince of Wales (d. 1416)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1297602879#Births", "title": "1359", "revid": 1297602879, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1376, "year_label": "1376 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – Richard of Bordeaux, son of the Black Prince, is created Prince of Wales in succession to his father.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371264713#October–December", "title": "1376", "revid": 1371264713, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1400, "year_label": "1400 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 16", "text": "September 16 – Owain Glyndŵr is proclaimed Prince of Wales by his followers, and begins attacking English strongholds in northeast Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369029011#July–September", "title": "1400", "revid": 1369029011, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1404, "year_label": "1404 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 21", "text": "June 21 – The formal coronation of Owain Glyndŵr as Prince of Wales takes place at Harlech.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361962096#April–June", "title": "1404", "revid": 1361962096, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1408, "year_label": "1408 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 23", "text": "September 23 – Henry, Prince of Wales (later Henry V of England) retakes Aberystwyth from Owain Glyndŵr.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360565942#July–December", "title": "1408", "revid": 1360565942, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1413, "year_label": "1413 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21 – Henry, Prince of Wales becomes King Henry V of England the day after the death of his father Henry IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357114633#January–March", "title": "1413", "revid": 1357114633, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1471, "year_label": "1471 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Edward of York, the 7-month-old son of King Edward IV of England, is created Prince of Wales, two months after his father has regained the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370196979#April–June", "title": "1471", "revid": 1370196979, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1474, "year_label": "1474 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – The English royal title of Duke of York is created by King Edward IV for his second-born son, Prince Richard. Thereafter, the title of Duke of York is reserved for the second son of the English monarch, while the title of Prince of Wales is reserved for the first-born son.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364765261#April–June", "title": "1474", "revid": 1364765261, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1483, "year_label": "1483 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – Edward of Middleham, the 7-year-old son of King Richard III of England, is given the title of Prince of Wales and designated the heir apparent to the throne. However, Edward will die less than a year later on April 9.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369188840#July–September", "title": "1483", "revid": 1369188840, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1489, "year_label": "1489 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – Arthur Tudor, heir apparent to the throne of England as the son of King Henry VII, is named Prince of Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364757252#September–December", "title": "1489", "revid": 1364757252, "section": "Events › September–December"}}, {"year": 1502, "year_label": "1502 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April", "text": "April – Gerald FitzGerald, later Earl of Kildare, at the age of 15, played the principal role in the funeral ceremony for Henry VII's eldest son Arthur, Prince of Wales in Worcester Cathedral.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1324325379#Events", "title": "1502 in Ireland", "revid": 1324325379, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1504, "year_label": "1504 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 18", "text": "18 February – Henry Tudor created Prince of Wales following the death of his elder brother Arthur, Prince of Wales two years earlier", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367539733#Events", "title": "1504 in England", "revid": 1367539733, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1504, "year_label": "1504 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – The investiture of Prince Henry of England as Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester takes place.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365936803#January–March", "title": "1504", "revid": 1365936803, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Prince Charles (15-year-old surviving son of James I of England and Anne of Denmark) is invested as Prince of Wales at Whitehall in London, the last such formal investiture until 1911.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#November-December", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › November-December"}}, {"year": 1702, "year_label": "1702 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 8", "text": "8 March – Anne, daughter of King James II, comes to the throne of Great Britain. Since her only surviving son had died prior to her accession, there is no prospective Prince of Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311316602#Events", "title": "1702 in Wales", "revid": 1311316602, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1727, "year_label": "1727 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 (July 11 Old Style) – George, Prince of Wales, becomes King George II of Great Britain, on the death of his father.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360176234#April–June", "title": "1727", "revid": 1360176234, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1729, "year_label": "1729 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – Frederick, the eldest son of King George II of Great Britain is made Prince of Wales at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in Hanover. For 23 years, Frederick is heir apparent to the British throne, but dies of a lung injury in 1751.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368871381#January–March", "title": "1729", "revid": 1368871381, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1729, "year_label": "1729 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 8", "text": "8 January – Frederick, the eldest son of George II, is made Prince of Wales at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in Hanover. For 23 years, he will be heir apparent to the British throne but dies of a lung injury in 1751.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275835699#Events", "title": "1729 in Great Britain", "revid": 1275835699, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1729, "year_label": "1729 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 8", "text": "8 January - Prince Frederick, son of King George II, is created Prince of Wales, nearly two years after his father's accession.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1291456370#Events", "title": "1729 in Wales", "revid": 1291456370, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1737, "year_label": "1737 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February", "text": "February – The House of Commons debates whether to increase the Prince of Wales's Civil List allowance after his father, the king, turns down his request. Parliament decides to reject the idea of an increase.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320633559#Events", "title": "1737 in Wales", "revid": 1320633559, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1751, "year_label": "1751 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 – A month after the death of his father, 12-year old Prince George William Frederick is formally invested as the new Prince of Wales. Nine years later, Prince George becomes King George III upon the death of his grandfather, King George II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351037611#April–June", "title": "1751", "revid": 1351037611, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1751, "year_label": "1751 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 20", "text": "20 April – George, eldest son of the late Frederick, Prince of Wales, is made Prince of Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1291456391#Events", "title": "1751 in Wales", "revid": 1291456391, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1841, "year_label": "1841 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "December 8", "text": "8 December - The month-old Albert Edward, eldest son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, is created Prince of Wales by letters patent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355823729#Events", "title": "1841 in Wales", "revid": 1355823729, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom dies at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. She is 81 years old and, having ruled for nearly 64 years, will be the second longest-reigning monarch in British history. Her eldest son, Prince Albert Edward, \"Bertie\", the longest-serving Prince of Wales to this time, succeeds his mother at the age of 59, reigning as King Edward VII, of the United Kingdom and in innovation the British Dominions and also becoming Emperor of India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#January", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom announces that she is giving her son Prince Charles the customary title for the heir apparent of Prince of Wales. The announcement is made at the end of the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, held in Cardiff.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#July", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Events › July"}}]}