{"slug": "pomerania", "label": "Pomerania", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomerania", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104520", "qid": "Q104520", "description": "historical region in Poland and Germany", "entries": 13, "years": 12, "span": [972, 1814], "span_label": ["972 CE", "1814 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Pommerania"], "related": [{"slug": "gustavus-adolphus", "label": "Gustavus Adolphus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mecklenburg", "label": "Mecklenburg", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "norway", "label": "Norway", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "denmarknorway", "label": "Denmark–Norway", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "union-between-sweden-and-norway", "label": "Union between Sweden and Norway", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-prussia", "label": "Kingdom of Prussia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "brandenburg", "label": "Brandenburg", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "brandenburgprussia", "label": "Brandenburg–Prussia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "prince-elector", "label": "Prince-elector", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "protestantism", "label": "Protestantism", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 972, "year_label": "972 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – Battle of Cedynia: The Polans under prince (or Duke) Mieszko I, defeat the German forces of the Saxon count Odo I at their stronghold in Cedynia (with the help of hidden reinforcements). The battle – one of the first in Polish history – strengthens Mieszko's hold over Western Pomerania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272305#Europe", "title": "972", "revid": 1365272305, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1109, "year_label": "1109 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – Battle of Nakło: Bolesław III leads an expedition into Pomerania. He besieges the castle of Nakło and defeats a Pomeranian relief force.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367315946#Europe", "title": "1109", "revid": 1367315946, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June", "text": "June – The Wendish Crusade: An expedition of Crusaders – composed of Germans, Saxons and Danes – expels the Obotrites from Wagria (Schleswig-Holstein). Two Danish fleets led by King Canute V in alliance with co-ruler Sweyn III, ravage the northern coast. The countryside of Mecklenburg and Pommerania is plundered and depopulated with much bloodshed, especially by German forces under Henry the Lion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Europe", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1220, "year_label": "1220 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Bogislaw II, duke of Pomerania (b. 1177)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360552842#Deaths", "title": "1220", "revid": 1360552842, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1300, "year_label": "1300 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – Wenceslaus II, King of Bohemia, of the Czech Přemyslid dynasty, is crowned King of Poland in a ceremony at Gniezno, near Poznań, after his Bohemian forces have seized Pomerania and Greater Poland (Wielkopolska). The 28-year-old Wenceslaus has ruled Lesser Poland (Małopolska) since 1291, and forced a number of Silesian princes to swear allegiance to him. Crowned as king, he reunites the Polish territories and during his reign introduces a number of laws and reforms, the most important being the creation of a new type of official known as a starosta (or \"Elder\"), who rules a small territory as the king's direct representative.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363832742#July_–_September", "title": "1300", "revid": 1363832742, "section": "July – September"}}, {"year": 1308, "year_label": "1308 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – The Teutonic Knights capture Gdańsk by treachery – while a Brandenburger force of 100 knights and 200 followers led by Heinrich von Plötzke and Günther von Schwarzburg lay siege to the city. The garrison of Gdańsk castle is too weak to defend itself against the Brandenburgers. Meanwhile, the Polish ruler of Gdańsk Pomerania, Władysław I Łokietek (\"Wladyslaw the Elbow-High\"), is unable to send reinforcements. The citizens call upon the Teutonic Knights for military help and offer to pay their costs. The arrival of the knights, lead the Brandenburgers to beat a hasty retreat. In an act of supreme treachery, the Teutonic Knights attack the city they have come to save. The houses of both Polish and German are burnt and destroyed. Many people are slaughtered without mercy, including women and children who have sought sanctuary in churches. Within a year, the German Crusaders occupy the whole of Eastern Pomerania and consolidate their power at the Baltic Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367315343#October_–_December", "title": "1308", "revid": 1367315343, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1354, "year_label": "1354 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – The Treaty of Stralsund settles border disputes between the duchies of Mecklenburg and Pomerania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325866553#January–December", "title": "1354", "revid": 1325866553, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1627, "year_label": "1627 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – Thirty Years' War: Bogislaw XIV, Duke of Pomerania, signs the Capitulation of Franzburg, in which Pomerania is forced to pay for the Imperial army that Wallenstein sent to occupy it. Nonetheless, despite the treaty, Pomerania is devastated by the Imperial troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371072250#October–December", "title": "1627", "revid": 1371072250, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1630, "year_label": "1630 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War begins when King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, leading an army of 13,000 on the Protestant side, makes landfall at Peenemünde, Pomerania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351974391#July–September", "title": "1630", "revid": 1351974391, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1630, "year_label": "1630 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War begins when King Gustav Adolf of Sweden, leading an army of 13,000 on the protestant side, makes landfall at Peenemünde, Pomerania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320326639#Events", "title": "1630 in Sweden", "revid": 1320326639, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1637, "year_label": "1637 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Johan Banér's host is forced to abandon their siege of Leipzig as an Imperial relief force nears the city, they pull back to Torgau before once more being forced to retreat to Pomerania due to fears of an encirclement", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363059208#Events", "title": "1637 in Sweden", "revid": 1363059208, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1701, "year_label": "1701 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – The electorate of Brandenburg–Prussia becomes the Kingdom of Prussia, as Elector Frederick III is proclaimed King Frederick I. Prussia remains part of the Holy Roman Empire. It consists of Brandenburg, Pomerania and East Prussia. Berlin is the capital.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366683505#January–June", "title": "1701", "revid": 1366683505, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – Treaty of Kiel: Frederick VI of Denmark cedes the Kingdom of Norway into personal union with Sweden, in exchange for west Pomerania. This marks the end of the real union of Denmark-Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360305709#January", "title": "1814", "revid": 1360305709, "section": "Events › January"}}]}