{"slug": "pennsylvania", "label": "Pennsylvania", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400", "qid": "Q1400", "description": "state of the United States of America", "entries": 60, "years": 43, "span": [1681, 2024], "span_label": ["1681 CE", "2024 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 16}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 6}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 5}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Commonwealth of Pennsylvania"], "related": [{"slug": "philadelphia", "label": "Philadelphia", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "united-states", "label": "United States", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "united-states-senate", "label": "United States Senate", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "william-penn", "label": "William Penn", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "lenape", "label": "Lenape", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "pittsburgh", "label": "Pittsburgh", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "constitution-of-the-united-states", "label": "Constitution of the United States", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "american-revolutionary-war", "label": "American Revolutionary War", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "maryland", "label": "Maryland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "delaware", "label": "Delaware", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "harrisburg-pennsylvania", "label": "Harrisburg, Pennsylvania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "george-washington", "label": "George Washington", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1681, "year_label": "1681 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Havertown and Bryn Mawr are founded in Pennsylvania by Welsh Quakers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361310073#Date_unknown", "title": "1681", "revid": 1361310073, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1681, "year_label": "1681 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – In order to settle a debt of £16,000, King Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn, for territory west of Delaware River in America between 40° N and 42° N, later to be called Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361310073#January–March", "title": "1681", "revid": 1361310073, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1681, "year_label": "1681 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 4", "text": "4 March – William Penn receives a royal charter to establish a sectarian colony in the Americas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737545#Events", "title": "1681 in England", "revid": 1353737545, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1682, "year_label": "1682 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The Richard Wall House, believed to be the longest continuously inhabited residence in the US, is built in Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560956#Date_unknown", "title": "1682", "revid": 1369560956, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1682, "year_label": "1682 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 27", "text": "October 27 – The city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded by William Penn.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560956#October–December", "title": "1682", "revid": 1369560956, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1711, "year_label": "1711 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Newtown Square Friends Meeting House is founded by Welsh immigrants in the Great Valley of Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360125815#Events", "title": "1711 in Wales", "revid": 1360125815, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Welsh-born David Lloyd is appointed Chief Justice of the supreme court of Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320379029#Events", "title": "1717 in Wales", "revid": 1320379029, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1722, "year_label": "1722 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5 – Pennsylvania colony enacts a statute, requiring all persons importing any person previously convicted of sodomy, to pay £5 for each such incoming person.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365128046#April–June", "title": "1722", "revid": 1365128046, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1742, "year_label": "1742 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – Pennsylvania's Colonial Governor George Thomas bars citizens from settling in Lancaster County, or west of the Blue Mountains.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360184270#October–December", "title": "1742", "revid": 1360184270, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1743, "year_label": "1743 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – At a summit in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, the British colonies of Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania conclude a treaty with the Six Nations, conceding that the member tribes are entitled to the territory west of the Appalachian mountains and north of the Ohio River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360887949#July–September", "title": "1743", "revid": 1360887949, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1751, "year_label": "1751 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May 11", "text": "May 11 – The Pennsylvania Hospital, first hospital in the American colonies, is chartered in Philadelphia by the Pennsylvania legislature, which grants the right to Benjamin Franklin and to Dr. Thomas Bond.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351037611#April–June", "title": "1751", "revid": 1351037611, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1755, "year_label": "1755 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16 – The Penn's Creek massacre is carried out against white settlers who have moved into the Susquehanna Valley in the Pennsylvania colony, in territory also claimed by the Delaware Indians. The Delawares attack the Penn's Creek village, located near what is now Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, and kill 25 of the 26 men, women and children living there.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360194188#October–December", "title": "1755", "revid": 1360194188, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: Mary Campbell is abducted from her home in Pennsylvania by members of the Lenape Nation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#April–June", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1763, "year_label": "1763 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Proclamation by King George III bans settlements west of the Appalachians and establishes a protected Indian Country there. White settlers ignore the boundary line – Indian raids in Pennsylvania lead to the Paxton Riots – Peaceful Conestoga Mission Indians are massacred by settlers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349954264#Events", "title": "1763 in Canada", "revid": 1349954264, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1763, "year_label": "1763 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – Teedyuscung, known as the \"King of the Delaware Indians\" (the Lenape tribe) is assassinated by arsonists who burn down his home in Pennsylvania while he is sleeping, in an apparent retaliation for signing the Treaty of Easton to relinquish Lenape claims to the Province of New Jersey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360202149#April–June", "title": "1763", "revid": 1360202149, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1763, "year_label": "1763 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – Pontiac's War: Battle of Bushy Run – British forces led by Henry Bouquet defeat Chief Pontiac's Indians at Bushy Run, in the Pennsylvania backcountry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360202149#July–September", "title": "1763", "revid": 1360202149, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1763, "year_label": "1763 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 5", "text": "5 August – Pontiac's War: at the Battle of Bushy Run, British forces led by Henry Bouquet defeat American Indians in the Pennsylvania backcountry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275835109#Events", "title": "1763 in Great Britain", "revid": 1275835109, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1765, "year_label": "1765 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – After completing the portion of the Mason–Dixon line marking the semi-circular boundary between Pennsylvania and Delaware, English surveyors Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon begin the two-and-a-half-year process of plotting out the 230-mile boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland along the latitude of 39°43′20″ N.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373039097#April–June", "title": "1765", "revid": 1373039097, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1767, "year_label": "1767 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 9", "text": "October 9 – Surveying of the \"Mason–Dixon line\", which will later become the traditional division between the northern and southern states of the United States, is completed by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon after four years, initially to settle a boundary dispute between the colonies of Delaware, Pennsylvania and Maryland. The survey party is halted at Dunkard Creek when a chief of the Mohawk Indians tells them that they are in Native American territory and that the Mohawks guiding the property \"would not proceed one step further Westward\"; the line, slightly west the 80th meridian west, is now part of the boundary between Pennsylvania and West Virginia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587024#October_–December", "title": "1767", "revid": 1365587024, "section": "Events › October –December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Brandywine: The British gain a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "11 September – American Revolution: Battle of Brandywine is a major victory for the British in Chester County, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330315664#Events", "title": "1777 in Great Britain", "revid": 1330315664, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – American Revolutionary War: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania and begins to train the American troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#January–March", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 3", "text": "3 July – American Revolutionary War: the Wyoming Valley battle and massacre takes place near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, ending in a defeat of the local colonists.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361912006#Events", "title": "1778 in Great Britain", "revid": 1361912006, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – The legislature of Pennsylvania votes, 34 to 21, to approve An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#January–March", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1787, "year_label": "1787 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – Arthur St. Clair of Pennsylvania is chosen as the new President of the Congress of the Confederation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370561702#January–March", "title": "1787", "revid": 1370561702, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1787, "year_label": "1787 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – By a vote of 33 to 29, Harrisburg is approved as the new capital of Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370561702#January–March", "title": "1787", "revid": 1370561702, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1787, "year_label": "1787 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, delegates begin arriving to write a new Constitution for the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164627#April–June", "title": "1787 in the United States", "revid": 1369164627, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1787, "year_label": "1787 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, delegates begin to convene a Constitutional Convention intended to amend the Articles of Confederation. However, a new Constitution for the United States is eventually produced. George Washington presides over the Convention.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164627#April–June", "title": "1787 in the United States", "revid": 1369164627, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1787, "year_label": "1787 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – Pennsylvania becomes the second U.S. state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370561702#October–December", "title": "1787", "revid": 1370561702, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1789, "year_label": "1789 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – At Federal Hall, the United States Senate attains its first quorum, and elects John Langdon of Pennsylvania as its first president pro tempore. Later that day, the Senate and the House of Representatives meet in joint session for the first time, and the electoral votes of the first U.S. presidential election are counted. General George Washington is certified as president-elect, and John Adams is certified as vice-president elect.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818853#April–June", "title": "1789", "revid": 1368818853, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "The Insurance Company of North America (later Chubb) is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#Date_unknown", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "George Anschutz constructs the first blast furnace in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#Date_unknown", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1808, "year_label": "1808 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "February 11", "text": "February 11 – Anthracite coal is first burned as fuel by Jesse Fell in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania; the discovery leads to the use of coal as the key fuel source of America's Industrial Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322981757#Events", "title": "1808 in the United States", "revid": 1322981757, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – The capital of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania is permanently moved from Lancaster to Harrisburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364673712#October–December", "title": "1812", "revid": 1364673712, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1828, "year_label": "1828 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "August 11", "text": "August 11 – The Working Men's Party is founded in the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as the 1st 'worker oriented' political party in the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322982275#Events", "title": "1828 in the United States", "revid": 1322982275, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1848, "year_label": "1848 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Geneva College (Pennsylvania) is founded as Geneva Hall in Northwood, Logan County, Ohio.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370038858#Date_unknown", "title": "1848", "revid": 1370038858, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1851, "year_label": "1851 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – Saint Joseph's University is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369630010#July–September", "title": "1851 in the United States", "revid": 1369630010, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – The Great Train Wreck (the worst railroad calamity in the world to date) occurs near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371140008#July–September", "title": "1856", "revid": 1371140008, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – The Great Train Wreck of 1856: Two trains collide near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania killing at least 59 and injuring at least 100.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373775633#July–September", "title": "1856 in the United States", "revid": 1373775633, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21 – Pennsylvania issues the charter establishing the Zoological Society of Philadelphia, the first organization of its kind in the United States, and founder of the nation's first zoo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371179353#January–March", "title": "1859", "revid": 1371179353, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21 – The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania issues the charter establishing the Zoological Society of Philadelphia, the first organization of its kind in the United States and founder of the nation's first zoo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363808636#January–March", "title": "1859 in the United States", "revid": 1363808636, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1869, "year_label": "1869 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Heinz, as predecessor of Kraft Heinz, a worldwide food processing and cheese brand, founded in Pennsylvania, United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360511845#Date_unknown", "title": "1869", "revid": 1360511845, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – The Centennial Exposition ends in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363589433#November", "title": "1876", "revid": 1363589433, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1889, "year_label": "1889 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 31", "text": "May 31 – Johnstown Flood: The South Fork Dam collapses in western Pennsylvania, killing more than 2,200 people in and around Johnstown, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367594292#May", "title": "1889", "revid": 1367594292, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – Twin Shaft Disaster: An explosion in the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft Mine in Pittston City, Pennsylvania results in a massive cave-in that kills 58 coal miners.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374093923#April–June", "title": "1896 in the United States", "revid": 1374093923, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1897, "year_label": "1897 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 10", "text": "September 10 – Lattimer massacre: A sheriff's posse kills 19 unarmed immigrant miners in Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362850810#September", "title": "1897", "revid": 1362850810, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1897, "year_label": "1897 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 10", "text": "September 10 – Lattimer Massacre: A sheriff's posse kills more than 19 unarmed immigrant miners in Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340164440#July–September", "title": "1897 in the United States", "revid": 1340164440, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3 – U.S. Senator Matthew Quay of Pennsylvania is arrested for conspiracy to defraud the People's Bank of Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367547011#October", "title": "1898", "revid": 1367547011, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 2", "text": "June 2 – The coal strike of 1902 begins in the anthracite coalfields of eastern Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360934706#April–June", "title": "1902 in the United States", "revid": 1360934706, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1911, "year_label": "1911 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – Lackawanna Cut-Off railway line opens in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373497014#December", "title": "1911", "revid": 1373497014, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – U.S. Army aviation pioneer Major Harold Geiger dies in the crash of his Airco DH.4 airplane, at Olmsted Field, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370012373#May", "title": "1927", "revid": 1370012373, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1936, "year_label": "1936 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17–18 – Pittsburgh Flood of 1936 (\"St. Patrick's Day Flood\"): Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, suffers the worst flooding in its history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373956397#January–March", "title": "1936 in the United States", "revid": 1373956397, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – The first mass vaccination of children against polio begins in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#February", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1985, "year_label": "1985 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 31", "text": "May 31 – Forty-four tornadoes hit Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Ontario, including a rare and powerful F5. In total, the event kills 90 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369963057#May", "title": "1985", "revid": 1369963057, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – U.S. Senator John Heinz and six other people are killed when a helicopter collides with their plane over Merion, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#April", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – A large solar flare triggers an unusually large aurora as far south as Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#June", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2001, "year_label": "2001 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – Suicide attacks on the U.S. kill more than 3,000 people and destroy the two towers of the World Trade Center and part of the Pentagon, using three hijacked passenger airliners as cruise missiles, with a fourth, also hijacked, crashing in a field in Pennsylvania. Early speculation about the source of the attack centered on Saudi-born terrorist leader Osama bin Laden, who was living in and working from Afghanistan. Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan leaders condemned the attacks and rejected suggestions that Osama bin Laden could be behind them.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351523885#September", "title": "2001 in Afghanistan", "revid": 1351523885, "section": "September"}}, {"year": 2012, "year_label": "2012 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 14", "text": "October 14 – Arlen Specter, 82, American politician, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania (1981–2011), complications of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369119489", "title": "Deaths in October 2012", "revid": 1369119489, "section": "Deaths › October"}}, {"year": 2016, "year_label": "2016 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 1", "text": "1 May – Two missionaries from the United States are found slain in separate areas of rural St. Mary parish. Randy Hentzel and Harold Nichols both worked for a Pennsylvania-based Christian charity called Teams for Medical Missions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373448216#Events", "title": "2016 in Jamaica", "revid": 1373448216, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – While campaigning for the 2024 United States presidential election, former President Donald Trump is shot in the right ear in an assassination attempt at a rally he held near Butler, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#July", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › July"}}]}