{"slug": "papal-bull", "label": "Papal bull", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_bull", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189867", "qid": "Q189867", "description": "type of letters patent or charter issued by a Pope of the Catholic Church", "entries": 10, "years": 10, "span": [1054, 1850], "span_label": ["1054 CE", "1850 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 9}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Papal Bull"], "related": [{"slug": "mary-i", "label": "Mary I", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "prague", "label": "Prague", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charles-iv-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-clement-vi", "label": "Pope Clement VI", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "elizabeth-i", "label": "Elizabeth I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cardinal-catholic-church", "label": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-pius-ix", "label": "Pope Pius IX", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dominican-order", "label": "Dominican Order", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "philip-ii-of-spain", "label": "Philip II of Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "james-iv", "label": "James IV", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-alexander-vi", "label": "Pope Alexander VI", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "inquisition", "label": "Inquisition", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1054, "year_label": "1054 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – East-West Schism: Humbert of Silva Candida, representative of the newly deceased Leo IX, breaks the relations between Western and Eastern Churches, through the act of placing an invalidly-issued Papal Bull of excommunication during the celebration of the Divine Liturgy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267065294#Religion", "title": "1054", "revid": 1267065294, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1155, "year_label": "1155 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "A plan to conquer Ireland is approved by Adrian IV in a Papal bull (a formal proclamation issued by the pope) called Laudabiliter. It gives Henry II lordship over Ireland, but the Irish kings resist English rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359485841#Religion", "title": "1155", "revid": 1359485841, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1216, "year_label": "1216 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 22", "text": "December 22 – Honorius III officially approves the Order of Preachers (the Dominican Order), by the Papal bull Religiosam vitam.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371079230#Religion", "title": "1216", "revid": 1371079230, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1347, "year_label": "1347 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 26", "text": "January 26 – Charles University in Prague is founded by a bull issued by Pope Clement VI, at the request of Charles I, King of Bohemia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1289406739#January–December", "title": "1347", "revid": 1289406739, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1451, "year_label": "1451 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – Pope Nicholas V issues a Papal Bull to establish The University of Glasgow; classes are initially held in Glasgow Cathedral.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358547324#January–March", "title": "1451", "revid": 1358547324, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1482, "year_label": "1482 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 – Pope Sixtus IV, in a special bull, grants self-government rights to the Italian town of Ascoli Piceno.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368493356#January–March", "title": "1482", "revid": 1368493356, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1484, "year_label": "1484 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 5", "text": "December 5 – Pope Innocent VIII issues the Papal bull Summis desiderantes affectibus, giving the Inquisition a mission to hunt heretics and witches in Germany, led by Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346941150#October–December", "title": "1484", "revid": 1346941150, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1503, "year_label": "1503 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor of England are married as per the Treaty of Perpetual Peace by Pope Alexander VI, according to Papal bull.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366510845#April–June", "title": "1503", "revid": 1366510845, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1555, "year_label": "1555 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Pope Paul IV issues a Papal Bull recognising Philip II of Spain and Mary I of England as rightful King and Queen of Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315277339#Events", "title": "1555 in Ireland", "revid": 1315277339, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 29", "text": "29 September – By the Bull Universalis Ecclesiae, Pope Pius IX recreates the Roman Catholic hierarchy in England and Wales, which had become extinct with the death of the last Marian bishop in the reign of Elizabeth I, a move held by many Protestants to constitute \"papal aggression\". Nicholas Wiseman is appointed first Archbishop of Westminster and elevated to Cardinal. He issues a pastoral letter, From Without the Flaminian Gate, and on 21 November is enthroned in St George's Cathedral, Southwark.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365774110#Events", "title": "1850 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1365774110, "section": "Events"}}]}