{"slug": "palenque", "label": "Palenque", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palenque", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181427", "qid": "Q181427", "description": "former Maya city state in southern Mexico", "entries": 40, "years": 32, "span": [397, 900], "span_label": ["397 CE", "900 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 12}, {"title": "Births", "count": 10}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "maya-civilization", "label": "Maya civilization", "shared": 16}, {"slug": "mexico", "label": "Mexico", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "chiapas", "label": "Chiapas", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "maya-monarchs", "label": "Maya monarchs", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "calakmul", "label": "Calakmul", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "louis-xiv", "label": "Louis XIV", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "elizabeth-ii", "label": "Elizabeth II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tikal", "label": "Tikal", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "copan", "label": "Copán", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "maya-peoples", "label": "Maya peoples", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "central-america", "label": "Central America", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mesoamerica", "label": "Mesoamerica", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 397, "year_label": "397 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "March 30", "text": "March 30 or March 31 – Kʼukʼ Bahlam I, king of Palenque (Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364744022#Births", "title": "397", "revid": 1364744022, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 422, "year_label": "422 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – Casper, ruler of the Maya city of Palenque", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364741789#Births", "title": "422", "revid": 1364741789, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 431, "year_label": "431 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – Kʼukʼ Bahlam I, the first known ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque (the modern-day state of Chiapas in southern Mexico) comes to power and reigns until his death four years later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311961439#Central_America", "title": "431", "revid": 1311961439, "section": "Events › By place › Central America"}}, {"year": 435, "year_label": "435 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – A figure known to Mayanist scholars as \"Casper\" begins a 52-year reign in the Mayan city-state of Palenque what is now the state of Chiapas in southern Mexico, and reigns until his death in 487.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339038049#Central_America", "title": "435", "revid": 1339038049, "section": "Events › By place › Central America"}}, {"year": 459, "year_label": "459 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 – Bʼutz Aj Sak Chiik, king of Palenque (Mexico).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267077454#Births", "title": "459", "revid": 1267077454, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 465, "year_label": "465 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – Ahkal Moʼ Nahb I, Maya ruler of Palenque (d. 524)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739674#Births", "title": "465", "revid": 1364739674, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 487, "year_label": "487 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – Bʼutz Aj Sak Chiik becomes the new ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque, in what is now the state of Chiapas in southern Mexico, and reigns until his death in 501.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340789359#Central_America", "title": "487", "revid": 1340789359, "section": "Events › By place › Central America"}}, {"year": 490, "year_label": "490 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 3", "text": "May 3 – Kʼan Joy Chitam I, ruler of Palenque (d. 565)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364755224#Births", "title": "490", "revid": 1364755224, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 501, "year_label": "501 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Ahkal Moʼ Nahb I becomes the new ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque (in what is now the state of Chiapas in southern Mexico), and reigns until his death in 524.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340790337#Central_America", "title": "501", "revid": 1340790337, "section": "Events › By place › Central America"}}, {"year": 524, "year_label": "524 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 18", "text": "September 18 – Kan Bahlam I, ruler of Palenque (d. 583)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340792013#Births", "title": "524", "revid": 1340792013, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 524, "year_label": "524 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – Ahkal Moʼ Nahb I, ruler of the Maya city of Palenque in what is now the southern Mexican state of Chiapas, dies after a reign of 23 years. The city enters an interregnum which lasts a little over four years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340792013#Central_America", "title": "524", "revid": 1340792013, "section": "Events › By place › Central America"}}, {"year": 529, "year_label": "529 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – Kʼan Joy Chitam I becomes the new ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque what is now the state of Chiapas in southern Mexico, ending an interregnum of a little over four years, and reigns until his death in 565.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351343002#Central_America", "title": "529", "revid": 1351343002, "section": "Events › By place › Central America"}}, {"year": 565, "year_label": "565 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – Kʼan Joy Chitam I, ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque, in what is now the state of Chiapas in southern Mexico, dies after a reign of exactly 36 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749296#Central_America", "title": "565", "revid": 1364749296, "section": "Events › By place › Central America"}}, {"year": 565, "year_label": "565 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – Ahkal Moʼ Nahb II becomes the new ruler of Palenque and reigns until his death in 570.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749296#Central_America", "title": "565", "revid": 1364749296, "section": "Events › By place › Central America"}}, {"year": 583, "year_label": "583 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Yohl Ikʼnal succeeds Kan Bahlam I as queen of the Maya city of Palenque (Mexico).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372793107#Mesoamerica", "title": "583", "revid": 1372793107, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 583, "year_label": "583 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 – Kan Bahlam I, ruler of Palenque (b. 524)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372793107#Deaths", "title": "583", "revid": 1372793107, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 599, "year_label": "599 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The Maya city of Palenque (southern Mexico) is plundered by King Scroll Serpent of Calakmul (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752063#Mesoamerica", "title": "599", "revid": 1364752063, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 600, "year_label": "600 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "600-900 - Palace and Temple of the Inscriptions (tomb-pyramid of K'inich Janaab' Pakal), Palenque, Mexico, are built. Maya culture.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751689#Arts_and_sciences", "title": "600", "revid": 1364751689, "section": "Events › By topic › Arts and sciences"}}, {"year": 603, "year_label": "603 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Pacal the Great, ruler (ajaw) of Palenque (d. 683)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752956#Births", "title": "603", "revid": 1364752956, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 604, "year_label": "604 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Yohl Ik'nal, female ruler of Palenque (Mexico)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754628#Deaths", "title": "604", "revid": 1364754628, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 605, "year_label": "605 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Aj Ne' Yohl Mat becomes ruler (ajaw) of the Maya city of Palenque (Mexico). During his reign his kingdom is invaded by people from Calakmul.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364904400#Mesoamerica", "title": "605", "revid": 1364904400, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 612, "year_label": "612 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ajen Yohl Mat, king of Palenque", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635982#Deaths", "title": "612", "revid": 1367635982, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 612, "year_label": "612 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 22", "text": "October 22 – Sak Kʼukʼ succeeds her father Ajen Yohl Mat, as queen of the Maya state of Palenque (modern Mexico).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635982#Mesoamerica", "title": "612", "revid": 1367635982, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 615, "year_label": "615 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 29", "text": "July 29 – Queen Sak Kʼukʼ is succeeded by her son Pacal the Great, as ruler of the Maya city state Palenque (Mexico). He begins a building program at his capital, that produces some of Maya civilization's finest art and architecture.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752554#Mesoamerica", "title": "615", "revid": 1364752554, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 635, "year_label": "635 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II, ruler of Palenque (d. 702)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906250#Births", "title": "635", "revid": 1364906250, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 640, "year_label": "640 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 12", "text": "September 12 – Sak Kʼukʼ, queen of Palenque", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364750340#Deaths", "title": "640", "revid": 1364750340, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 644, "year_label": "644 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "K'inich K'an Joy Chitam II, ruler of Palenque", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635050#Births", "title": "644", "revid": 1367635050, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 678, "year_label": "678 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Kʼinich Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III, Maya ruler of Palenque", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352010309#Births", "title": "678", "revid": 1352010309, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 683, "year_label": "683 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – The sarcophagus lid in the tomb of K'inich Janaab' Pakal (Shield 2), Temple of the Inscriptions, Palenque, Mexico (Maya culture) is made.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367313750#Art", "title": "683", "revid": 1367313750, "section": "Events › By topic › Art"}}, {"year": 683, "year_label": "683 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "K'inich Janaab' Pakal (\"Pacal the Great\"), ruler (ajaw) of the Maya state of Palenque (Mexico), dies after a 68-year reign. He is buried in the Temple of the Inscriptions. He is the longest-reigning monarch in the world until Louis XIV breaks that record in 1711, almost 1028 years later and remains the longest-reigning monarch in the Americas until Elizabeth II breaks that record in 2020, almost 1337 years later", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367313750#Mesoamerica", "title": "683", "revid": 1367313750, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 683, "year_label": "683 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "K'inich Janaab' Pakal (\"Pacal the Great\"), ruler (ajaw) of Palenque (b. 603)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367313750#Deaths", "title": "683", "revid": 1367313750, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 684, "year_label": "684 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II accedes to the rulership of the Maya polity of Palenque (modern Mexico).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805928#Mesoamerica", "title": "684", "revid": 1340805928, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 692, "year_label": "692 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Temple of the Cross at Palenque (Mexico) is constructed to commemorate the rise of King Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II to the throne (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806257#Mesoamerica", "title": "692", "revid": 1340806257, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 702, "year_label": "702 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II, ruler of Palenque (b. 635)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807070#Deaths", "title": "702", "revid": 1340807070, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 702, "year_label": "702 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 20", "text": "February 20 – Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II, ruler (ajaw) of Palenque, dies after an 18-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother Kʼinich Kʼan Joy Chitam II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807070#Mesoamerica", "title": "702", "revid": 1340807070, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 711, "year_label": "711 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Palenque is conquered by Tonina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358403455#Mesoamerica", "title": "AD 711", "revid": 1358403455, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 711, "year_label": "711 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Kʼinich Kʼan Joy Chitam II, ruler of Palenque (or c. 721)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358403455#Deaths", "title": "AD 711", "revid": 1358403455, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 722, "year_label": "722 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 3", "text": "January 3 – King Kʼinich Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III takes the throne of the Maya city-state of Palenque (southern Mexico).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808641#Mesoamerica", "title": "722", "revid": 1340808641, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 736, "year_label": "736 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Kʼinich Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III, Maya ruler of Palenque", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809679#Deaths", "title": "736", "revid": 1340809679, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "The Postclassic Period: The Maya civilization that has flourished for about 650 years in upland areas of what later will be called Central America comes to an end as a result either of depleted agricultural resources or warfare between some 40 rival city-states. The great stone pyramids, ball courts and other structures at cities such as Tikal, Copán, and Palenque are abandoned and overgrown with jungle, as will eventually be the sculpture and relief carvings of the Maya, who have developed a calendar based on almost perfect astronomic measurements. Cities such as Chichen Itza, Mayapan and Uxmal in the highlands of the Yucatán Peninsula will continue to flourish.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Mesoamerica", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}]}