{"slug": "otto-iv-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_IV%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151457", "qid": "Q151457", "description": "Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 to 1218", "entries": 16, "years": 15, "span": [1175, 1260], "span_label": ["1175 CE", "1260 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "philip-of-swabia", "label": "Philip of Swabia", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "pope-innocent-iii", "label": "Pope Innocent III", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "king-of-the-romans", "label": "King of the Romans", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "john-king-of-england", "label": "John, King of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "frederick-ii-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "aachen", "label": "Aachen", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "paris", "label": "Paris", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "county-of-flanders", "label": "County of Flanders", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "la-rochelle", "label": "La Rochelle", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "poitou", "label": "Poitou", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "william-longespee-3rd-earl-of-salisbury", "label": "William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1175, "year_label": "1175 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (House of Welf) (d. 1218)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172106#Births", "title": "1175", "revid": 1362172106, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1177, "year_label": "1177 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February", "text": "February/March – Philip of Swabia, rival of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1208)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1273054652#Births", "title": "1177", "revid": 1273054652, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1198, "year_label": "1198 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – Philip of Swabia, son of the late Emperor Frederick I, is elected \"King of Germany\" by his supporters at Mühlhausen in Thuringia. Archbishop Adolf of Cologne elects Otto of Brunswick, son of Henry the Lion, as Philip's rival. Otto IV is crowned as King of the Romans in Aachen by supporters of the House of Welf. Philip's coronation does not take place until September 8, at Mainz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584676#Europe", "title": "1198", "revid": 1365584676, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1199, "year_label": "1199 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – Richard I dies from gangrene, caused by his crossbow wound. His younger brother, John (Lackland), becomes King of England. Richard's jewels are left to his nephew, Otto IV, King of the Romans. Mercadier, a mercenary captain and Richard's second in command, has Pierre Basile flayed alive and hanged.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187159#Europe", "title": "1199", "revid": 1369187159, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1201, "year_label": "1201 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Pope Innocent III recognizes Otto IV as the only legitimate ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, against his rival King, Philip of Swabia. In return, Otto promises to support the pope's interests in Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364405568#Religion", "title": "1201", "revid": 1364405568, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1205, "year_label": "1205 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Philip of Swabia becomes King of the Romans and is crowned again with great ceremony at Aachen by Archbishop Adolf of Cologne. After several threats, Adolf is removed from office by Pope Innocent III and excommunicated, on July 19. Philip is able to increasingly assert his kingship against Otto of Brunswick (who is also crowned king of Germany) in the northern parts of the Alps.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624697#Europe", "title": "1205", "revid": 1357624697, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1207, "year_label": "1207 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Pope Innocent III declares for King Philip of Swabia as Holy Roman Emperor, a reversal of his previous support for Philip's rival Otto IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348494398#Europe", "title": "1207", "revid": 1348494398, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1208, "year_label": "1208 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – Otto IV is elected by the German nobles as king of Germany at Frankfurt. He is engaged to Beatrice and travels to Milan where he receives the Iron Crown and the title of King of Italy, which continues until the end of World War I in 1918.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078934#Europe", "title": "1208", "revid": 1371078934, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1209, "year_label": "1209 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – Innocent III crowns Otto IV as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in St. Peter's Basilica at Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362169644#Religion", "title": "1209", "revid": 1362169644, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1210, "year_label": "1210 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 18", "text": "November 18 – Emperor Otto IV is excommunicated by Pope Innocent III after he occupies Apulia in southern Italy. Otto annuls the Concordat of Worms and demands from Innocent recognition of the imperial crown's right. A German civil war breaks out, and Otto prepares an invasion against Frederick II, king of Sicily.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321284058#Europe", "title": "1210", "revid": 1321284058, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1212, "year_label": "1212 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 9", "text": "December 9 – The 18-year-old Frederick II is crowned King of the Germans at Mainz. Frederick's authority in Germany remains tenuous, and he is recognized only in southern Germany. In the region of northern Germany, the center of Guelph power, his rival Otto IV continues to hold the imperial power despite his excommunication.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354428304#Europe", "title": "1212", "revid": 1354428304, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1214, "year_label": "1214 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – John, King of England (\"Lackland\") lands with an invasion force (accompanied by mercenaries) at La Rochelle; many barons of England refuse to join him in the campaign. John sends his half-brother William Longespée (\"Long Sword\") to Flanders, with money to assemble a mercenary army there. John pushes the French forces northeast from Poitou towards Paris, while Emperor Otto IV marches southwest from Flanders. King Philip II of France (Augustus) decides to defend his territories by leaving a third of his army under his son, Prince Louis to confront John in the Loire Valley – while Philip heads for Flanders to raid the region. On July 2, John's forces are confronted by a French relief force while they besiege the castle of Roche-au-Moine. John retreats to La Rochelle, but his rearguard suffers immensely by the French army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329586748#Europe", "title": "1214", "revid": 1329586748, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1214, "year_label": "1214 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – John, King of England lands with an invasion force at La Rochelle in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. He sends his half-brother William Longespée to Flanders, with money to assemble a mercenary army there. John pushes the French forces northeast from Poitou towards Paris, while Emperor Otto IV marches southwest from Flanders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331867965#Events", "title": "1214 in France", "revid": 1331867965, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1215, "year_label": "1215 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Otto IV is excommunicated and forced to abdicate as ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. The German nobles, supported by Innocent III, again elect the 20-year-old Frederick II as King of the Romans who is crowned in Aachen, on July 25. The same day, Frederick takes the Cross and promises to go on Crusade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359458031#Europe", "title": "1215", "revid": 1359458031, "section": "Events › By continent › Europe"}}, {"year": 1218, "year_label": "1218 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 19", "text": "May 19 – Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1175)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347207200#Deaths", "title": "1218", "revid": 1347207200, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1260, "year_label": "1260 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May", "text": "May – Marie of Brabant, Holy Roman Empress, wife of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (alternative date is June)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366894029#Deaths", "title": "1260", "revid": 1366894029, "section": "Deaths"}}]}