{"slug": "otto-iii-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_III%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151090", "qid": "Q151090", "description": "Holy Roman Emperor from 996 to 1002", "entries": 19, "years": 16, "span": [980, 1002], "span_label": ["980 CE", "1002 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Otto III"], "related": [{"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "theophanu", "label": "Theophanu", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "henry-ii-of-bavaria", "label": "Henry II of Bavaria", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "regensburg", "label": "Regensburg", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charlemagne", "label": "Charlemagne", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "aachen-cathedral", "label": "Aachen Cathedral", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "regent", "label": "Regent", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "adelaide-of-italy", "label": "Adelaide of Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tuscany", "label": "Tuscany", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 980, "year_label": "980 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1002)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364109392#Births", "title": "980", "revid": 1364109392, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 983, "year_label": "983 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Diet of Verona: Emperor Otto II (the Red) declares war against the Byzantine Empire and the Emirate of Sicily. He assembles a large expeditionary force for a renewal of an invasion in Calabria (Southern Italy). Otto gifts the Rheingau (\"Rhine District\") to the Archbishopric of Mainz during the 'Veronese donation'. Otto III is elected king of Germany and Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341908613#Europe", "title": "983", "revid": 1341908613, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 984, "year_label": "984 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – German boy-king Otto III (4 years old) is seized by the deposed Henry II, Duke of Bavaria (\"the Wrangler\"), who has recovered his duchy and claims the regency as a member of the Ottonian Dynasty. But Henry is forced to hand over Otto to his mother, empress consort Theophanu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341908618#Europe", "title": "984", "revid": 1341908618, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 985, "year_label": "985 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Henry II (the Wrangler) is restored as duke of Bavaria by Empress Theophanu and her mother-in-law Adelaide at an Hoftag assembly in Rohr (Thuringia). King Otto III (5-years old) remains under the regency of the two empresses in the Holy Roman Empire and in the Kingdom of Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468346#Europe", "title": "985", "revid": 1364468346, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 986, "year_label": "986 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Empress Theophanu, accompanied by the 6-year-old King Otto III and Henry II of Bavaria, leads a campaign against Bohemia and the Slavs on the Elbe frontier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272436#Europe", "title": "986", "revid": 1365272436, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 988, "year_label": "988 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – The city of Odense (located on the island of Funen) in Denmark is founded. King Otto III grants trade rights and to the neighbouring settlements.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364920019#Economy", "title": "988", "revid": 1364920019, "section": "Events › By topic › Economy"}}, {"year": 989, "year_label": "989 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Theophanu arrives with her son, King Otto III in Rome to meet John XV. Crescentius II (the Younger) offers his submission to the Holy Roman Empire, in return for which she confirms his title as patrician of Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624689#Europe", "title": "989", "revid": 1357624689, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 991, "year_label": "991 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15: Theophanu dies in Nijmegen, and Adelaide of Italy assumes full regency over her grandson, Otto III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261005#Events", "title": "991", "revid": 1365261005, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 993, "year_label": "993 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The 12-year-old King Otto III gives the Sword of Saints Cosmas and Damian (also known as the Sword of Essen) as a gift to the convent in Essen. It symbolises the martyrdom of Cosmas and Damian, the patron saints of the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350009737#Europe", "title": "993", "revid": 1350009737, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 994, "year_label": "994 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September", "text": "September – King Otto III, now 14 years old, receives the regalia to rule the Kingdom of Germany at an assembly of the Imperial Diet in Solingen. Otto appoints Heribert of Cologne as chancellor of Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350027284#Europe", "title": "994", "revid": 1350027284, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 996, "year_label": "996 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King Otto III starts his first expedition to Italy from Regensburg, and proceeds over the Brenner Pass. News of Otto's arrival prompts Crescentius II (the Younger), patrician (the de facto ruler) of Rome, to invite Pope John XV (exiled in Tuscany) back to Rome. Otto arrives in Verona, and receives ambassadors of Doge Pietro II Orseolo of Venice.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261051#Europe", "title": "996", "revid": 1365261051, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 997, "year_label": "997 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Emperor Otto III travels to Italy, leaving the government of the Holy Roman Empire in the hands of his aunt, Matilda of Quedlinburg. He is accompanied by Bishop Gilbert of Aurillac, his teacher and advisor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468397#Europe", "title": "997", "revid": 1364468397, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 998, "year_label": "998 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Otto III retakes Rome and restores power in the papal city. Crescentius II (the Younger) and his followers barricade themselves in Castel Sant'Angelo. Otto's former tutor John Philagathos (Antipope John XVI), who tries to escape into Campania, is pursued by German troops and captured. He is horribly mutilated – his ears, nose and tongue cut off and his eyes are gouged out. Crescentius surrenders at his stronghold and is beheaded. Otto reinstates his cousin, Gregory V, as pope of the Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365593041#Europe", "title": "998", "revid": 1365593041, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1000, "year_label": "1000 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "In continental Europe, the Holy Roman Empire established itself as the most powerful state. The Holy Roman Emperor Otto III made a pilgrimage from Rome to Aachen and Gniezno (Gnesen), stopping at Regensburg, Meissen, Magdeburg, and Gniezno. The Congress of Gniezno (with Bolesław I the Brave) was part of his pilgrimage. In Rome, he built the basilica of San Bartolomeo all'Isola, to host the relics of St. Bartholomew.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373370885#Christendom", "title": "AD 1000", "revid": 1373370885, "section": "Events › Christendom"}}, {"year": 1001, "year_label": "1001 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor has Charlemagne's vault opened at Aachen Cathedral.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910152#Europe", "title": "1001", "revid": 1341910152, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1001, "year_label": "1001 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – After leading the revolt against Emperor Otto III and expelling the Crescentii, Gregory I, Count of Tusculum is named \"Head of the Republic\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910152#Europe", "title": "1001", "revid": 1341910152, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1001, "year_label": "1001 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – Emperor Otto III confirms the possessions of Ulric Manfred II of Turin, and grants him privileges.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910152#Europe", "title": "1001", "revid": 1341910152, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1002, "year_label": "1002 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 980)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371270947#Deaths", "title": "1002", "revid": 1371270947, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1002, "year_label": "1002 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Emperor Otto III dies, at the age of 22, of smallpox at Castle of Paterno (near Rome) after a 19-year reign. He leaves no son, nor a surviving brother who can succeed by hereditary right to the throne. Otto is buried in Aachen Cathedral alongside the body of Charlemagne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371270947#Europe", "title": "1002", "revid": 1371270947, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}]}