{"slug": "oslo", "label": "Oslo", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585", "qid": "Q585", "description": "capital city of Norway", "entries": 46, "years": 43, "span": [1048, 2011], "span_label": ["1048 CE", "2011 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 17}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 6}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}], "also_known_as": ["Kristiania", "Oslo, Norway"], "related": [{"slug": "norway", "label": "Norway", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "christian-ii-of-denmark", "label": "Christian II of Denmark", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-norway-8721397", "label": "Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bergen", "label": "Bergen", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "united-states", "label": "United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "president-of-the-united-states", "label": "President of the United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "washington-d-c", "label": "Washington, D.C.", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "world-war-ii", "label": "World War II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "prime-minister-of-new-zealand", "label": "Prime Minister of New Zealand", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "white-house", "label": "White House", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "barack-obama", "label": "Barack Obama", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "moravian-church", "label": "Moravian Church", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1048, "year_label": "1048 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The city of Oslo is founded by King Harald Hardrada of Norway (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129783#Europe", "title": "1048", "revid": 1350129783, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1070, "year_label": "1070 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Bergen is founded by King Olaf III of Norway; it will function as the main city and capital of Norway, until it is replaced by Oslo in 1314.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1327891061#Events", "title": "1070", "revid": 1327891061, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1314, "year_label": "1314 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 31", "text": "August 31 – King Haakon V of Norway moves his capital from Bergen to Oslo – where he builds Akershus Fortress, from which Norway is ruled for the next 500 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373434387#July_–_September", "title": "1314", "revid": 1373434387, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1442, "year_label": "1442 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – The coronation of King Christopher of Sweden and Denmark as King of Norway takes place in Oslo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360560025#July–September", "title": "1442", "revid": 1360560025, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1514, "year_label": "1514 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – King Christian II is crowned King of Norway in Oslo. This coronation will be the last in Norway for 304 years until the crowning of King Karl III Johan in 1818.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369345340#July–September", "title": "1514", "revid": 1369345340, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1531, "year_label": "1531 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 5", "text": "November 5 – Christian II`s invasion force arrives in Oslo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359939156#October–December", "title": "1531", "revid": 1359939156, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1589, "year_label": "1589 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – At Oslo, Patrick Vans, Lord Barnbarroch ratifies the marriage contract between King James VI of Scotland, and Anne of Denmark.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359971295#October–December", "title": "1589", "revid": 1359971295, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1610, "year_label": "1610 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 17", "text": "17 June – Prince Christian was proclaimed as heir apparent to Christian IV of Norway, in Oslo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1276017957#Events", "title": "1610 in Norway", "revid": 1276017957, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "Christian IV renames and moves Oslo after the great fire. He renames the city Christiania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331437544#Events", "title": "1624 in Norway", "revid": 1331437544, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "17-20 August – The great city fire of Oslo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331437544#Events", "title": "1624 in Norway", "revid": 1331437544, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – The city of Oslo, Norway, is destroyed by fire for the fourteenth time. King Christian IV of Denmark–Norway decrees its rebuilding on a new site, where it will be renamed Christiania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331350573#April–June", "title": "1624", "revid": 1331350573, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1639, "year_label": "1639 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Cathedral Hellig Trefoldigheds Kirke in Christiania completed (burned down in 1686).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1280115574#Architecture", "title": "1639 in Norway", "revid": 1280115574, "section": "Arts and literature › Architecture"}}, {"year": 1643, "year_label": "1643 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The first professional book publisher to use printing press in Norway is established in Oslo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340617365#Date_unknown", "title": "1643", "revid": 1340617365, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1643, "year_label": "1643 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The first professional book publisher to use printing press in Norway is established in Christiania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346025340#Full_date_unknown", "title": "1643 in Norway", "revid": 1346025340, "section": "Events › Full date unknown"}}, {"year": 1648, "year_label": "1648 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 12", "text": "12 August - King Frederick III was hailed as King of Norway in Christiania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1327222748#Events", "title": "1648 in Norway", "revid": 1327222748, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1666, "year_label": "1666 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July", "text": "July - Prince Christian was hailed as heir to the throne of Norway in Christiania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318276272#Events", "title": "1666 in Norway", "revid": 1318276272, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1686, "year_label": "1686 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Cathedral Hellig Trefoldigheds Kirke in Christiania burned down (completed in 1639).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368529785#Events", "title": "1686 in Norway", "revid": 1368529785, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1716, "year_label": "1716 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April - The forces of Charles XII of Sweden briefly occupy Christiania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371917790#Events", "title": "1716 in Norway", "revid": 1371917790, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1737, "year_label": "1737 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The first Moravian Church congregations in Norway is established in Christiania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300332304#Events", "title": "1737 in Norway", "revid": 1300332304, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1744, "year_label": "1744 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The first Chief of police is hired in Christiania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319901841#Events", "title": "1744 in Norway", "revid": 1319901841, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1745, "year_label": "1745 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The construction of Paléet in Oslo is finished.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319901966#Arts_and_literature", "title": "1745 in Norway", "revid": 1319901966, "section": "Arts and literature"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "A fire destroys parts of Christiania, Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#Date_unknown", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1770, "year_label": "1770 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 26", "text": "26 January - Ballet was performed by Madame Stuart, possibly the first ballet ever performed in Oslo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1280116245#Arts_and_literature", "title": "1770 in Norway", "revid": 1280116245, "section": "Arts and literature"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The amateur dramatic group Det Dramatiske Selskab is founded in Christiania, Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#Date_unknown", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1808, "year_label": "1808 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 28", "text": "28 January – The first issue of the newspaper Tiden was published in Christiania (now Oslo).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373733383#Arts_and_literature", "title": "1808 in Norway", "revid": 1373733383, "section": "Arts and literature"}}, {"year": 1823, "year_label": "1823 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "King Carl III (Karl Johan) ordered to build the royal palace in Christiania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292280410#Events", "title": "1823 in Norway", "revid": 1292280410, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1827, "year_label": "1827 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 30", "text": "January 30 – The first public theatre in Norway, the Christiania Offentlige Theater, is inaugurated in Christiania (modern-day Oslo).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362794712#January–March", "title": "1827", "revid": 1362794712, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1829, "year_label": "1829 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 17", "text": "17 May – Henrik Wergeland became a symbol of the fight for celebration of the constitution at May 17, which was later to become the Norwegian National Day. He became a public hero after the infamous \"Battle of the Square\" in Christiania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319108504#Events", "title": "1829 in Norway", "revid": 1319108504, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1854, "year_label": "1854 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "September 1", "text": "1 September – The first Norwegian railway, Hovedbanen between Oslo and Eidsvoll, is opened. This also constitutes the establishment of the now state owned Norwegian State Railways.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320812479#Events", "title": "1854 in Norway", "revid": 1320812479, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 10", "text": "10 August – The murder of Knut Grøte in Christiania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325864943#Events", "title": "1863 in Norway", "revid": 1325864943, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1866, "year_label": "1866 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "12–13 July – The town of Drammen is destroyed by fire, with the flames visible from Christiana (now Oslo) 36 km (22 mi) away. Tingle, Joseph Child (25 August 1866). \"A Town in Ashes\". All the Year Round. XVI (383). London: 150–153.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315432303#Events", "title": "1866 in Norway", "revid": 1315432303, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1872, "year_label": "1872 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "October 7", "text": "7 October – The railway line Drammenbanen between Oslo and Drammen is opened.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322945819#Events", "title": "1872 in Norway", "revid": 1322945819, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – The first stage production of the verse-play Peer Gynt by Henrik Ibsen premieres, with incidental music by Edvard Grieg, in Christiania (modern-day Oslo), Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363589433#February", "title": "1876", "revid": 1363589433, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 25", "text": "25 November – Haakon VII and his family arrived in Christiania (present-day Oslo).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1324372309#Events", "title": "1905 in Norway", "revid": 1324372309, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1910, "year_label": "1910 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 3", "text": "June 3 – The Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, led by Roald Amundsen on the steamer Fram, departs from Christiania (modern-day Oslo). No announcement until later in the year of Amundsen's intention to reach the South Pole.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373495790#June", "title": "1910", "revid": 1373495790, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5–October 11 – The Jubilee Exhibition (Jubilæumsutstillingen) is held at Kristiania, Norway, to mark the centennial of the country's constitution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#May", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 4", "text": "December 4–18 – The 'Peace Ship' Oscar II chartered by industrialist Henry Ford sails from Hoboken, New Jersey to Oslo on an independent and eventually unsuccessful mission to broker a peace conference.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#December", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 21", "text": "21 May – A theatre strike starts in Oslo, spreading to Bergen and Trondheim from the next day, and lasts for five weeks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346332113#Events", "title": "1941 in Norway", "revid": 1346332113, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14–25 – The Winter Olympics are held in Oslo, Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#January–February", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1953, "year_label": "1953 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 12", "text": "January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a government-in-exile in Oslo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310369#January", "title": "1953", "revid": 1371310369, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1966, "year_label": "1966 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Long-term potentiation (LTP), the putative cellular mechanism of learning and memory, is first observed by Terje Lømo in Oslo, Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370246126#Date_unknown", "title": "1966", "revid": 1370246126, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 20", "text": "20 August – The first agreement in the Oslo Accords is signed in Oslo, between by Foreign Minister Shimon Peres for Israel, Mahmoud Abbas for the Palestine Liberation Organization and Secretary of State Warren Christopher for the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369346512#Events", "title": "1993 in Palestine", "revid": 1369346512, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – Edvard Munch's painting The Scream is stolen in Oslo (it is recovered on May 7).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#February", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2004, "year_label": "2004 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – Armed robbers steal Edvard Munch's The Scream, Madonna, and other paintings from the Munch Museum in Oslo, Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373088592#August", "title": "2004", "revid": 1373088592, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25–29 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2010 takes place in Oslo, Norway, and is won by German entrant Lena with the song \"Satellite\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#May", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2011, "year_label": "2011 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July", "text": "21–22 July – New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visits Washington, D.C. in the United States to meet with U.S. President Barack Obama. During their meeting at the White House, Prime Minister John Key and U.S. President Obama send their condolences to the people of Norway following the tragic terrorist attacks in Oslo, and are a reminder that the entire world must work together to prevent future attacks since World War II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1328114167#July", "title": "2011 in New Zealand", "revid": 1328114167, "section": "Events › July"}}]}