{"slug": "norway", "label": "Norway", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20", "qid": "Q20", "description": "country in Northern Europe", "entries": 110, "years": 93, "span": [793, 2025], "span_label": ["793 CE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 21}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 20}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 17}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 15}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 9}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Births", "count": 7}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 6}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 4}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Kingdom of Norway"], "related": [{"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 15}, {"slug": "denmark", "label": "Denmark", "shared": 12}, {"slug": "iceland", "label": "Iceland", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "oslo", "label": "Oslo", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "greenland", "label": "Greenland", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "orkney", "label": "Orkney", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "shetland", "label": "Shetland", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "olaf-haraldsson", "label": "Olaf Haraldsson", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "magnus-eriksson", "label": "Magnus Eriksson", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "olaf-tryggvason", "label": "Olaf Tryggvason", "shared": 4}], "items": [{"year": 793, "year_label": "793 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – Viking raiders attack the Northumbrian coast, arriving in longships from either Denmark or Norway, and sacking the monastery of Lindisfarne. Many of the monks are killed or enslaved. It is the first Viking attack on a monastery in the British Isles, although it is not the first known Viking attack in the British Isles. The first attack came in 789, when Vikings raided the settlement of Portland in Dorset.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906953#Britain", "title": "793", "revid": 1364906953, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 825, "year_label": "825 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Grímur Kamban becomes the first man to set foot in the Faroe Islands, and settles down in Funningur, on the northwest coast of Eysturoy (beginning the Norwegian Viking era on the islands).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941320#Europe", "title": "825", "revid": 1340941320, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 829, "year_label": "829 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Viking chieftain Halfdan the Black becomes king of Agder (modern Norway). He expands his realm through military conquest and political negotiations, dividing the kingdom of Vestfold with his half-brother Olaf.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941503#Europe", "title": "829", "revid": 1340941503, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 834, "year_label": "834 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – The Viking ship of Oseberg near Tønsberg (modern Norway) is buried in a mound, during the Viking Age (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941786#Europe", "title": "834", "revid": 1340941786, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 840, "year_label": "840 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Vikings from Norway capture Dublin and establish a Norse kingdom in Ireland, and also at about this date make their first overwintering at Lough Neagh in the north of Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367666598#British_Isles", "title": "840", "revid": 1367666598, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 841, "year_label": "841 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The town of Dyflin (meaning \"Black Pool\") or Dublin (modern Ireland) is founded by Norwegian Vikings, on the south bank of the River Liffey. The settlement is fortified with a ditch and an earth rampart, with a wooden palisade on top. The Norsemen establish a wool weaving industry, and there is also a slave trade. An artificial hill is erected, where the nobility meets to make laws and discuss policy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360650312#Ireland", "title": "841", "revid": 1360650312, "section": "Events › By place › Ireland"}}, {"year": 848, "year_label": "848 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Máel Sechnaill mac Maíl Ruanaid, High King of Mide, defeats a Norse Viking army at Sciath Nechtain in Ireland (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129160#Europe", "title": "848", "revid": 1341129160, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 850, "year_label": "850 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Harald Fairhair, king of Norway (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129147#Births", "title": "850", "revid": 1341129147, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 868, "year_label": "868 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Áed Findliath drives the invading Danes and Norwegians out of Ireland, after defeating them at the Battle of Killineery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358169430#Britain", "title": "868", "revid": 1358169430, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 874, "year_label": "874 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Ingólfr Arnarson arrives from Norway, as the first permanent Viking settler in Iceland. He builds his homestead and founds Reykjavík. The settlement of Iceland begins (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347164206#Europe", "title": "874", "revid": 1347164206, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 875, "year_label": "875 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Harald Fairhair of Norway subdues the rovers on the Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands, and adds them to his kingdom (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352180718#Europe", "title": "875", "revid": 1352180718, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 880, "year_label": "880 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Fjaler: King Harald Fairhair moves east along the Norwegian coast with his fleet. He defeats his rival Atle Mjove at Fjaler in Sunnfjord, and lands with his longships at Tønsberg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372561483#Europe", "title": "880", "revid": 1372561483, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Greenland is discovered by the Norseman Gunnbjörn Ulfsson, sailing from Norway to Iceland: he is blown off course by a storm and comes in sight of some islands off the coast (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Exploration", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration"}}, {"year": 961, "year_label": "961 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Fitjar – A Viking force under the sons of Eric Bloodaxe lands on Hordaland. King Haakon the Good defeats the rebelling force, but is killed. Harald Greycloak becomes ruler of the western part of Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512994#Europe", "title": "961", "revid": 1341512994, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 970, "year_label": "970 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Harald II (Greycloak), king of Norway", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261460#Deaths", "title": "970", "revid": 1365261460, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 981, "year_label": "981 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Erik the Red leaves Norway, to survey west of Iceland in Viking longships, that carry nearly 700 people with cattle, horses, and other necessities for starting a colony on the island. Erik finds land and calls it Greenland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366191661#Exploration", "title": "981", "revid": 1366191661, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration"}}, {"year": 982, "year_label": "982 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Harald Bluetooth invades Norway, pillaging southwest Norway all the way to Stad, where he encounters Haakon Sigurdsson (the de facto ruler of Norway) and his army. He flees back to Denmark, ending the invasion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468335#Europe", "title": "982", "revid": 1364468335, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 984, "year_label": "984 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Emma of Normandy, noblewoman, queen consort of England (twice), Denmark and Norway (d. 1052; approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341908618#Births", "title": "984", "revid": 1341908618, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 985, "year_label": "985 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Harold II (Bluetooth), king of Denmark and Norway", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468346#Deaths", "title": "985", "revid": 1364468346, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 986, "year_label": "986 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Hjörungavágr: The Earls of Lade under Haakon Sigurdsson (the Powerful) defeat a Danish invasion force led by the Jomsvikings in western Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272436#Europe", "title": "986", "revid": 1365272436, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 994, "year_label": "994 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Olaf Tryggvason, already a baptised Christian, is confirmed as Christian in a ceremony at Andover. After receiving gifts from Æthelred II, Olaf leaves for Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350027284#England", "title": "994", "revid": 1350027284, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 995, "year_label": "995 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Olaf Tryggvason is crowned king of Norway (and ruled until 1000) and builds the country's first Christian church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360634539#Europe", "title": "995", "revid": 1360634539, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 995, "year_label": "995 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Cnut (the Great), king of Denmark, Norway and England (d. 1035)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360634539#Births", "title": "995", "revid": 1360634539, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 997, "year_label": "997 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Trondheim is founded by King Olav Tryggvason. This will function as the main city and capital of Norway, until Bergen is founded in 1070.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468397#Europe", "title": "997", "revid": 1364468397, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1000, "year_label": "1000 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In Scandinavia, Christianization was in its early stages, with the Althing of the Icelandic Commonwealth embracing Christianity in the year 1000. On September 9, the King of Norway, Olaf Tryggvason, was defeated by the Scandinavian kingdoms of Denmark and Sweden in the Battle of Svolder. Sweyn Forkbeard established Danish control over part of Norway. The city of Oslo was founded in Norway (the exact year is debatable, but the 1,000 year anniversary was held in the year 2000). It is known that in or around this year, Norse explorer Leif Erikson became the first European to land in the Americas, at L'Anse aux Meadows in modern-day Newfoundland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373370885#Christendom", "title": "AD 1000", "revid": 1373370885, "section": "Events › Christendom"}}, {"year": 1000, "year_label": "1000 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – Olaf Tryggvason (or Olaf I), king of Norway", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373370885#Deaths", "title": "AD 1000", "revid": 1373370885, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1015, "year_label": "1015 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Earl Eric Haakonsson outlaws berserkers in Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365259982#Europe", "title": "1015", "revid": 1365259982, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1015, "year_label": "1015 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Harald Hardrada, king of Norway (d. 1066)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365259982#Births", "title": "1015", "revid": 1365259982, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1016, "year_label": "1016 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Svein Knutsson, king of Norway (d. 1035)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261531#Births", "title": "1016", "revid": 1365261531, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1016, "year_label": "1016 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – Battle of Nesjar (off the coast of Norway): Olaf Haraldsson is victorious over former co-regent Sweyn Haakonsson, confirming his status as king of Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261531#Europe", "title": "1016", "revid": 1365261531, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1024, "year_label": "1024 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Magnus the Good, king of Norway (d. 1047)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213215#Births", "title": "1024", "revid": 1342213215, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1026, "year_label": "1026 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Helgeå (off the coast of Sweden): Naval forces of King Cnut's North Sea Empire defeat the combined Swedish and Norwegian royal fleets.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590752#Europe", "title": "1026", "revid": 1365590752, "section": "Events › Asia › Europe"}}, {"year": 1028, "year_label": "1028 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Cnut the Great sails from England to Norway with a fleet of 50 ships. He defeats Olaf Haraldsson and is crowned king of Norway. Cnut becomes the sole ruler of England, Denmark and part of Sweden (known as the Danish North Sea Empire).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363299472#England", "title": "1028", "revid": 1363299472, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1030, "year_label": "1030 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 29", "text": "July 29 – Battle of Stiklestad: King Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf) attempts to reconquer Norway with help from King Anund Jakob of Sweden. He is defeated by a superior Norwegian peasant and Danish army (14,000 men). Olaf is killed in the battle. He is later canonized and becomes the patron saint of Norway and Rex perpetuum Norvegiae ('the eternal king of Norway').", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590959#Europe", "title": "1030", "revid": 1365590959, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1030, "year_label": "1030 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 29", "text": "July 29 – Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf), king of Norway", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590959#Deaths", "title": "1030", "revid": 1365590959, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1035, "year_label": "1035 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Svein Knutsson, king of Norway and son of Cnut the Great", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362167727#Deaths", "title": "1035", "revid": 1362167727, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1035, "year_label": "1035 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16 – Conrad II grants the right to hold the first Freimarkt festival in Bremen. The city increases her trade with Norway, and the northern Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362167727#Europe", "title": "1035", "revid": 1362167727, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1041, "year_label": "1041 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Battle of Ostrovo: The Byzantines, with the help of the Varangian Guard, led by Harald Hardrada (future king of Norway), defeat the Bulgarian troops, near Lake Ostrovo in Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365267586#Europe", "title": "1041", "revid": 1365267586, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1130, "year_label": "1130 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – Magnus IV and his uncle Harald Gille become joint kings of Norway, starting the civil war era in Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368549867#Events", "title": "1130", "revid": 1368549867, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1177, "year_label": "1177 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January", "text": "January – Eystein Meyla, leader of the Birkebeiner in Norway. (b. 1157)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1273054652#Deaths", "title": "1177", "revid": 1273054652, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1177, "year_label": "1177 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January", "text": "January – Eystein Meyla, leader of the Birkebeiner in Norway, is killed. Sverre Sigurdson (Later, King Sverre I, of Norway) becomes the new leader.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1273054652#January–December", "title": "1177", "revid": 1273054652, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1179, "year_label": "1179 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – Battle of Kalvskinnet: Norwegian forces led by King Sverre Sigurdsson defeat and kill Earl Erling Skakke, outside Nidaros in Norway. The battle changes the tide of the civil wars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363299926#Europe", "title": "1179", "revid": 1363299926, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1204, "year_label": "1204 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Valdemar II of Denmark is recognized as king in Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361051821#Events", "title": "1204", "revid": 1361051821, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1251, "year_label": "1251 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Alexander Nevsky signs the first peace treaty between Kievan Rus' and Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362481176#Europe", "title": "1251", "revid": 1362481176, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1294, "year_label": "1294 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "John Balliol, King of Scotland, decides to refuse King Edward I of England's demands for support in a planned invasion of France, the result being the negotiation of the Auld Alliance with France and Norway in the following year. These actions play a part in precipitating the Scottish Wars of Independence, which begin in 1296.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360182245#Europe", "title": "1294", "revid": 1360182245, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1316, "year_label": "1316 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Magnus Eriksson, king of Sweden and Norway from the House of Bjälbo (d. 1374)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018310#Births", "title": "1316", "revid": 1332018310, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1319, "year_label": "1319 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – King Haakon V Magnusson of Norway dies at the age of 49 with no sons, leaving the throne empty until the nobles can agree on his successor. Havtore Jonsson manages a guardianship government until the nobles choose Magnus VII Eriksson, son of Haakon's daughter Ingeborg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361361432#April_–_June", "title": "1319", "revid": 1361361432, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1319, "year_label": "1319 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August", "text": "August – Magnus Eriksson, grandson of the recently deceased king Haakon V and already proclaimed King of Sweden, is recognized by the Norwegian assembly as King Magnus VII of Norway, thus establishing a personal union with Sweden and Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361361432#July_–_September", "title": "1319", "revid": 1361361432, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1343, "year_label": "1343 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Magnus IV of Sweden abdicates from the throne of Norway, in favor of his son Haakon VI of Norway. However, Haakon is still a minor, allowing Magnus to remain de facto ruler.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303137540#January–December", "title": "1343", "revid": 1303137540, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1349, "year_label": "1349 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The Black Death in England spreads to the north and a ship from England carries it to Askøy and Bjørgvin (modern-day Bergen) in Norway. The disease also breaks out in Mecca and is prevalent in the Île-de-France and the Kingdom of Navarre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373507442#Ongoing", "title": "1349", "revid": 1373507442, "section": "Events › Ongoing"}}, {"year": 1358, "year_label": "1358 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – King Haakon VI of Norway designates the city of Skien as a city with trading privileges, making it the sixth town with city status in Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1309312891#January–December", "title": "1358", "revid": 1309312891, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1368, "year_label": "1368 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "A peace treaty is signed between Norway and the Hanseatic League.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371792677#Date_unknown", "title": "1368", "revid": 1371792677, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1368, "year_label": "1368 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The King of Norway sends the last Royal Ship from Norway to the Greenland Eastern Settlement. This event is part of both the Norse colonization of the Americas, and of the History of Greenland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371792677#Date_unknown", "title": "1368", "revid": 1371792677, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1396, "year_label": "1396 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – Queen Margaret I of Denmark, Norway and Sweden publishes the Treaty of Kalmar, proposing the personal union of the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway (with Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Shetland and Orkney) and Sweden (including Finland and Åland).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360576293#April–June", "title": "1396", "revid": 1360576293, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1397, "year_label": "1397 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Erik of Pomerania is crowned in Kalmar (Sweden) as ruler of the Kalmar Union, a personal union of the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway (with Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Shetland and Orkney) and Sweden (including Finland and Åland) engineered by Queen Margaret I of Denmark, his great-aunt and adoptive mother, who retains de facto power in the realm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363907908#April–June", "title": "1397", "revid": 1363907908, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1450, "year_label": "1450 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – The Treaty of Bergen is signed by officials of Norway and Sweden to reunite the two kingdoms under the rule of King Christian I. Both Norway and Sweden retain self-government and their own governing bodies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358834049#July–September", "title": "1450", "revid": 1358834049, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1457, "year_label": "1457 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – King Charles VIII of Sweden is declared deposed after fleeing from Stockholm to Danzig following a rebellion. The Archbishop of Sweden, Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna, and statesman Erik Axelsson Tott become co-regents of Sweden. The coup leaders then offer the throne to Christian I, King of Denmark and Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359845780#January–March", "title": "1457", "revid": 1359845780, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1468, "year_label": "1468 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – The Orkney Islands are pledged to Scotland by King Christian I of Kingdom of Norway in consideration of an agreement for the marriage of 16-year-old King James III of Scotland to Princess Margrete, King Christian's daughter, with the islands pledged as security against the payment of the dowry. As the money is never paid, the connection with the crown of Scotland becomes perpetual.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561306#July–September", "title": "1468", "revid": 1369561306, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1472, "year_label": "1472 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 20", "text": "February 20 – Orkney and Shetland are returned by Norway to Scotland, as a result of a defaulted dowry payment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365251690#January–March", "title": "1472", "revid": 1365251690, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1481, "year_label": "1481 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – King Christian I of Denmark and Norway dies at the age of 55. Although his eldest son, Prince Hans of Oldenburg, is accepted as the new King of Denmark, the Riksrådet (Council of the Realm) of the Kingdom of Norway postpones its decision pending negotiations to possibly reunite with the Kingdom of Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365936509#April–June", "title": "1481", "revid": 1365936509, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1514, "year_label": "1514 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – King Christian II is crowned King of Norway in Oslo. This coronation will be the last in Norway for 304 years until the crowning of King Karl III Johan in 1818.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369345340#July–September", "title": "1514", "revid": 1369345340, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1520, "year_label": "1520 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 19", "text": "January 19 – King Christian II of Denmark and Norway defeats the Swedes, at Lake Åsunden in Sweden. The Swedish regent Sten Sture the Younger is mortally wounded in the Battle of Bogesund. He is rushed towards Stockholm, in order to lead the fight against the Danes from there.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307705#January–March", "title": "1520", "revid": 1367307705, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1537, "year_label": "1537 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 – The Archbishop of Norway, Olav Engelbrektsson, flees from Trondheim to Lier, Belgium.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362632656#April–June", "title": "1537", "revid": 1362632656, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1537, "year_label": "1537 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – The siege by Norwegian and Danish Protestants of Steinvikholm Castle in Norway, the former residence of the last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Norway, ended after a month when the Catholic defenders surrendered to the Danish commander, Tord Roed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362632656#April–June", "title": "1537", "revid": 1362632656, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1567, "year_label": "1567 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "King Frederick II of Denmark and Norway founds Fredrikstad in Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362147494#Date_unknown", "title": "1567", "revid": 1362147494, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1589, "year_label": "1589 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 22", "text": "October 22 – King James VI of Scotland sails to Norway to meet his bride, Anne of Denmark as part of a fleet of six Scottish Navy ships, and is accompanied by Lord Maitland of Thirlestane, the Lord Chancellor of Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359971295#October–December", "title": "1589", "revid": 1359971295, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1608, "year_label": "1608 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – During a voyage in the Arctic Ocean, explorer Henry Hudson and the crew of the Hopewell sight what they claim to be a mermaid, swimming in the seas near Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783723#April–June", "title": "1608", "revid": 1352783723, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1617, "year_label": "1617 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – An unexpected storm strikes off the coast of Finnmark in Norway, sinking 10 ships and drowning at least 40 people. A little more than three years later, Mari Jørgensdatter tells interrogators that she and several other witches caused the storm, prompting the Vardø witch trials.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367152520#October–December", "title": "1617", "revid": 1367152520, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – A decree is issued in Norway making it illegal for Jesuits or Roman Catholic monks to be harbored in the country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331350573#January–March", "title": "1624", "revid": 1331350573, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1695, "year_label": "1695 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The Great Famine of 1695–1697 begins as the Great Famine of Estonia (1695–97) in Swedish Estonia and spreads across Finland, Latvia, Norway and Sweden, while the \"seven ill years\" of famine in Scotland are ongoing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368691153#Date_unknown", "title": "1695", "revid": 1368691153, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1702, "year_label": "1702 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 19", "text": "May 19 – Over 90% of the city of Bergen, Norway, is destroyed and reduced to ashes in a Great Fire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362986314#April–June", "title": "1702", "revid": 1362986314, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1716, "year_label": "1716 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – King Charles XII of Sweden leads an invasion of Norway, crossing the border at Basmo, near the modern-day town of Marker.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360559357#January–March", "title": "1716", "revid": 1360559357, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1716, "year_label": "1716 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 8", "text": "8 March - King Charles XII of Sweden leads an invasion of Norway, crossing the border at Basmo, near the modern-day town of Marker.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371917790#Events", "title": "1716 in Norway", "revid": 1371917790, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1737, "year_label": "1737 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The first Moravian Church congregations in Norway is established in Christiania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300332304#Events", "title": "1737 in Norway", "revid": 1300332304, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1742, "year_label": "1742 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Molde, Norway, becomes a city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360184270#Date_unknown", "title": "1742", "revid": 1360184270, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "A fire destroys parts of Christiania, Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#Date_unknown", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1767, "year_label": "1767 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 3", "text": "July 3 – Norway's oldest newspaper still in print, Adresseavisen, is first published.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587024#July–September", "title": "1767", "revid": 1365587024, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1768, "year_label": "1768 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – The slave ship Fredensborg sinks off Tromøya, Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369390957#October–December", "title": "1768", "revid": 1369390957, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1771, "year_label": "1771 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Reindeer were first brought to Iceland from Finnmark in Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330929780#Events", "title": "1771 in Iceland", "revid": 1330929780, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1772, "year_label": "1772 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 30", "text": "30 April - The Norwegian Society (Det Norske Selskab), a literary society for Norwegian students in Copenhagen, is formed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296829342#Arts_and_literature", "title": "1772 in Norway", "revid": 1296829342, "section": "Arts and literature"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Norwegian Mapping Authority, Norway's national mapping agency, was founded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319121562#Events", "title": "1773 in Norway", "revid": 1319121562, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1786, "year_label": "1786 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The trade with Iceland is opened to all Danish and Norwegian traders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320475423#Events", "title": "1786 in Norway", "revid": 1320475423, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – Treaty of Kiel: Frederick VI of Denmark cedes the Kingdom of Norway into personal union with Sweden, in exchange for west Pomerania. This marks the end of the real union of Denmark-Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360305709#January", "title": "1814", "revid": 1360305709, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – Carl III of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373165947#July–September", "title": "1818", "revid": 1373165947, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 7", "text": "7 September – Carl III of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1302507804#Events", "title": "1818 in Norway", "revid": 1302507804, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 7", "text": "7 September - The coronation of Charles XIV John of Sweden as Charles III John of Norway, in Christiana (now Oslo).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279557747#Events", "title": "1818 in Sweden", "revid": 1279557747, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1858, "year_label": "1858 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Chinese, German, Norwegian, Jews, American, Irish, Latin American, French, Belgian Canadian and other immigrants who had been in the California goldfields arrive in British Columbia, attracted by the Fraser River Gold rush, joining French Canadians, Métis, Hawaiians and others already in the area who abandoned regular employment to work the banks of the Fraser alongside the native peoples, who also took part in the rush.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349957477#Events", "title": "1858 in Canada", "revid": 1349957477, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 – Charles XV succeeds his father Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (as Charles IV).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371179353#July–September", "title": "1859", "revid": 1371179353, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 8", "text": "8 July – Charles XV succeeds his father Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (as Charles IV)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320812825#Events", "title": "1859 in Norway", "revid": 1320812825, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – The first stage production of the verse-play Peer Gynt by Henrik Ibsen premieres, with incidental music by Edvard Grieg, in Christiania (modern-day Oslo), Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363589433#February", "title": "1876", "revid": 1363589433, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – A series of three 41 m high tsunamis kill 61 people in Norway, after a rockslide sweeps down Mount Ramnefjell and crashes into Lake Lovatnet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#January", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 12", "text": "November 12 – Norway holds a plebiscite on the monarchy, resulting in popular approval of the Storting's decision to authorise the government to make the offer of the throne of the newly independent country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#November", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "December 2", "text": "December 2 – Norsk Hydro, predecessor of Equinor, a state-run energy product and grid brand in Scandinavia, is founded in Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#December", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1911, "year_label": "1911 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 14", "text": "14 December – Roald Amundsen's Norwegian expedition becomes the first to reach the South Pole.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1271283114#Events", "title": "1911 in Norway", "revid": 1271283114, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5–October 11 – The Jubilee Exhibition (Jubilæumsutstillingen) is held at Kristiania, Norway, to mark the centennial of the country's constitution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#May", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1920, "year_label": "1920 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 9", "text": "February 9 – The Svalbard Treaty, signed by members of the League of Nations in Paris, recognises the sovereignty of Norway over the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard (at this time called Spitzbergen), while giving the other signatories economic rights in the islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369258210#February", "title": "1920", "revid": 1369258210, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 16", "text": "16 February – Altmark incident: Royal Navy destroyer HMS Cossack pursues German tanker Altmark into the neutral waters of the Jøssingfjorden in southwestern Norway and frees the 290 British seamen held aboard.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361728224#Events", "title": "1940 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1361728224, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 30", "text": "30 August – first official 'Shetland bus' clandestine mission using Norwegian fishing boats between Shetland and German-occupied Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362260909#Events", "title": "1941 in Scotland", "revid": 1362260909, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November 16", "text": "16 November – 160 American bombers strike a hydro-electric power facility and heavy water factory in Vemork, Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369896412#Events", "title": "1943 in Norway", "revid": 1369896412, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – Norway launches its 1st sounding rocket, Ferdinand 1, from Andøya Space Center and becomes a space nation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#August", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1985, "year_label": "1985 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 4", "text": "May 4 – The 30th Eurovision Song Contest takes place in Gothenburg, Sweden and is won by the Bobbysocks! song La det swinge for Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369963057#May", "title": "1985", "revid": 1369963057, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1–10 – Pope John Paul II visits Norway, Iceland, Finland, Denmark and Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#June", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February", "text": "February – Australia takes its first Winter Olympic medal when the Australian short track speed skating team wins bronze in the 5000m relay at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374003095#Sport", "title": "1994 in Australia", "revid": 1374003095, "section": "Sport"}}, {"year": 1997, "year_label": "1997 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – The Norwegian parliamentary election is held in Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367978156#September", "title": "1997", "revid": 1367978156, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – A controversial Peruvian tape regarding a Norwegian oil company causes the 2008 Peru oil scandal, sparking protests which cause Jorge de Castillo to resign from office.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372634791#October", "title": "2008", "revid": 1372634791, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25–29 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2010 takes place in Oslo, Norway, and is won by German entrant Lena with the song \"Satellite\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#May", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2011, "year_label": "2011 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July", "text": "21–22 July – New Zealand Prime Minister John Key visits Washington, D.C. in the United States to meet with U.S. President Barack Obama. During their meeting at the White House, Prime Minister John Key and U.S. President Obama send their condolences to the people of Norway following the tragic terrorist attacks in Oslo, and are a reminder that the entire world must work together to prevent future attacks since World War II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1328114167#July", "title": "2011 in New Zealand", "revid": 1328114167, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2011, "year_label": "2011 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22 – In Norway, Anders Behring Breivik kills 8 people in a bomb blast which targeted government buildings in central Oslo, then kills 69 at a massacre at a Workers' Youth League camp on the island of Utøya.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372940525#July", "title": "2011", "revid": 1372940525, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 31", "text": "August 31 – 2019 Alta helicopter crash: A sightseeing helicopter crashes in the mountains of Skoddevarre in Alta Municipality, Norway, killing all 6 occupants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#August", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – February 2 – The 2025 World Men's Handball Championship is held in Croatia, Denmark and Norway, and is won by Denmark.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#January", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › January"}}]}