{"slug": "north-pole", "label": "North Pole", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Pole", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934", "qid": "Q934", "description": "one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface", "entries": 16, "years": 12, "span": [1875, 2021], "span_label": ["1875 CE", "2021 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 8}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 6}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "roald-amundsen", "label": "Roald Amundsen", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "greenland", "label": "Greenland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bering-strait", "label": "Bering Strait", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "south-pole", "label": "South Pole", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1875, "year_label": "1875 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 29", "text": "29 May – British Arctic Expedition: George Nares sets sail on an expedition to attempt to reach the North Pole via Smith Sound.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360550767#Events", "title": "1875 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1360550767, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1879, "year_label": "1879 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 – Led by George W. De Long, the ill-fated United States Jeannette Expedition departs San Francisco, in an attempt to reach the North Pole, by pioneering a route through the Bering Strait.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365404244#July", "title": "1879", "revid": 1365404244, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1908, "year_label": "1908 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – Frederick Cook claims to have reached the North Pole on this date.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373410903#April", "title": "1908", "revid": 1373410903, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1908, "year_label": "1908 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Robert Peary sets sail for the North Pole.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373410903#July", "title": "1908", "revid": 1373410903, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1909, "year_label": "1909 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – Robert Peary, Matthew Henson and four Inuit explorers – Ootah, Ooqueah, Seegloo and Egigingwah – come within a few miles of the North Pole.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373420847#March–April", "title": "1909", "revid": 1373420847, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1909, "year_label": "1909 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – Robert Peary claims to have reached the North Pole.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349958899#Events", "title": "1909 in Canada", "revid": 1349958899, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1926, "year_label": "1926 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – Explorer Richard E. Byrd and co-pilot Floyd Bennett claim to be the first to fly over the North Pole in the Josephine Ford monoplane, taking off from Spitsbergen, Norway and returning 15 hours and 44 minutes later. Both men are immediately hailed as national heroes, though some experts have since been skeptical of the claim, believing that the plane was unlikely to have covered the entire distance and back in that short an amount of time. An entry in Byrd's diary, discovered in 1996, suggests that the plane actually turned back 150 miles short of the North Pole, due to an oil leak.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373503199#May", "title": "1926", "revid": 1373503199, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1926, "year_label": "1926 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – Roald Amundsen and his crew fly over the North Pole, in the airship Norge.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373503199#May", "title": "1926", "revid": 1373503199, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – The airship Italia crashes at the North Pole; one of the occupants is Italian general Umberto Nobile. A rescue expedition leaves for the Pole on May 30. Roald Amundsen will be among those who lose their lives in the search for survivors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372527586#May", "title": "1928", "revid": 1372527586, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "August 3", "text": "August 3 – The nuclear-powered submarine USS Nautilus becomes the first vessel to cross the North Pole under water.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#August", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "August 17", "text": "August 17 — Arktika, a Soviet nuclear-powered icebreaker, became the first surface ship to reach the North Pole.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364023247#Events", "title": "1977 in the Soviet Union", "revid": 1364023247, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 19", "text": "19 April – Two brothers, Justin Read, 19 and Gerald Read, 25 were the first Malaysians to reach the North Pole after encountering challenging weather.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373379814#Events", "title": "1999 in Malaysia", "revid": 1373379814, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – The fourth International Polar Year, a $1.73 billion research program to study both the North Pole and South Pole, is launched in Paris.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#March", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 15", "text": "15 April – An UMNO Youth (Pemuda UMNO) parachute team landed at the North Pole.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373694547#April", "title": "2007 in Malaysia", "revid": 1373694547, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2016, "year_label": "2016 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 16", "text": "April 16 - Mariam Fardous became the first ever Arab woman and only the third woman in history to dive in the North Pole.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1289036634#April", "title": "2016 in Saudi Arabia", "revid": 1289036634, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – An annular solar eclipse is visible from Canada, Greenland, the North Pole, and the Russian Far East.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#June", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › June"}}]}