{"slug": "nicias", "label": "Nicias", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicias", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315822", "qid": "Q315822", "description": "5th c. BCE Athenian politician and general, son of Niceratus", "entries": 10, "years": 9, "span": [-425, -412], "span_label": ["426 BCE", "413 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "cleon", "label": "Cleon", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "boeotia", "label": "Boeotia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ancient-elis", "label": "Ancient Elis", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "alcibiades", "label": "Alcibiades", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ancient-corinth", "label": "Ancient Corinth", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "megara", "label": "Megara", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "peloponnesian-war", "label": "Peloponnesian War", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "argos-peloponnese", "label": "Argos, Peloponnese", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "strategos", "label": "Strategos", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mantinea", "label": "Mantinea", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -425, "year_label": "426 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Athenian leader Cleon and Athenian general Demosthenes revitalise the city's military and naval forces despite opposition from Nicias, a rich merchant and soldier, and his supporters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172947#Greece", "title": "426 BC", "revid": 1354172947, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -423, "year_label": "424 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Nicias captures the Peloponnesian island of Cythera, from which to harry the Spartans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1231841566#Greece", "title": "424 BC", "revid": 1231841566, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -422, "year_label": "423 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Brasidas ignores the proposed year-long truce and proceeds to take Scione and Mende in the hope of reaching Athens and freeing Spartan prisoners. Athens sends reinforcements under Nicias who retakes Mende.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360180006#Greece", "title": "423 BC", "revid": 1360180006, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -420, "year_label": "421 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Nicias, the leader of the aristocratic and peace party in Athens and Pleistoanax, King of Sparta, negotiate the Peace of Nicias between Athens and Sparta, which brings a temporary end to the Peloponnesian War. The essence of the Peace of Nicias is a return to the antebellum period with most wartime gains being returned. Seventeen representatives from each side swear an oath to uphold the treaty, which is meant to last for one generation (30 years: meaning they are not responsible for the next generation's decision). All of Sparta's allies agree to sign the peace except for the Boeotians, Corinth, Elis, and Megara.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172919#Greece", "title": "421 BC", "revid": 1354172919, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -419, "year_label": "420 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The young and popular Alcibiades is elected \"Strategos\" (one of a board of ten generals) and begins to dominate Athenian life and politics. A Quadruple Alliance of Athens, Argos, Mantineia and Elis, which has been organised by Alcibiades (in opposition to Nicias) confronts a Spartan-Boeotian alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360316147#Greece", "title": "420 BC", "revid": 1360316147, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -416, "year_label": "417 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following the loss by Athens and its allies in the Battle of Mantinea, a political \"tug of war\" takes place in Athens. Alcibiades joins forces with Nicias against Hyperbolus, the successor of the demagogue politician Cleon as champion of the common people. Hyperbolus tries to bring about the ostracism of either Nicias or Alcibiades, but the two men combine their influence and induce the Athenian people to expel Hyperbolus instead.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1237771460#Greece", "title": "417 BC", "revid": 1237771460, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -414, "year_label": "415 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Athenian expedition to Sicily sets sail under Nicias, Lamachus and Alcibiades. After his departure with the armada, Alcibiades is accused of profanity and is recalled to Athens to stand trial.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115968#Greece", "title": "415 BC", "revid": 1300115968, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -413, "year_label": "414 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Athens responds to appeals from its general, Nicias, by sending out 73 vessels to Sicily under the command of Demosthenes to assist Nicias and his forces with the siege of Syracuse.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305139821#Greece", "title": "414 BC", "revid": 1305139821, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -412, "year_label": "413 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Nicias, Athenian soldier and statesman (b. 470 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353493943#Deaths", "title": "413 BC", "revid": 1353493943, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -412, "year_label": "413 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "After suffering a defeat in which the Athenian commander Lamachus is killed, Demosthenes suggests that they immediately give up the siege of Syracuse and return to Athens, where they are needed to defend against a Spartan invasion of Attica. Nicias refuses, but the Syracusans and Spartans under Hermocrates are able to trap the Athenians in the harbour and the Athenians sustain heavy losses in the Battle of Syracuse. Demosthenes is ambushed by the Syracusans and is forced to surrender. Nicias is soon captured as well, and both are executed, with most of the surviving Athenian soldiers sent to work in the Sicilian quarries. Ten proboulos (including Sophocles) are elected to help run Athens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353493943#Greece", "title": "413 BC", "revid": 1353493943, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}]}