{"slug": "newfoundland-island", "label": "Newfoundland (island)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfoundland_%28island%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48335", "qid": "Q48335", "description": "island portion of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada", "entries": 20, "years": 19, "span": [1021, 1986], "span_label": ["1021 CE", "1986 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 11}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "california", "label": "California", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "elizabeth-i", "label": "Elizabeth I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "francis-drake", "label": "Francis Drake", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "british-empire", "label": "British Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "st-john-s-newfoundland-and-labrador", "label": "St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "spanish-empire", "label": "Spanish Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lisbon", "label": "Lisbon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states-navy", "label": "United States Navy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "canada", "label": "Canada", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bristol", "label": "Bristol", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1021, "year_label": "1021 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Vikings known to be residing L'Anse aux Meadows on Newfoundland (island).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212958#North_America", "title": "1021", "revid": 1342212958, "section": "Events › By place › North America"}}, {"year": 1472, "year_label": "1472 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The possible discovery of the island of \"Bacalao\" (which some historians believe to have been Newfoundland off North America, 20 years before Christopher Columbus had arrived in the \"New World\") is made by João Vaz Corte-Real. The suggestion that Corte-Real found lands that he called the \"Terras do Bacalhau\" (and was granted lands in the Azores by the king of Portugal as a result) will be advanced by Italian writer Gaspar Frutuoso a century later in his work Saudades da Terra, although the reliability of Frutuoso's 1570 book is questioned by later historians because of the book's misinformation on other matters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365251690#Undated", "title": "1472", "revid": 1365251690, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1473, "year_label": "1473 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Possible discovery of the island of \"Bacalao\" (possibly Newfoundland off North America) by Didrik Pining and João Vaz Corte-Real.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813739#Date_unknown", "title": "1473", "revid": 1361813739, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1511, "year_label": "1511 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Juan de Agramonte, a sailor from Spain, is thought possibly to have travelled to Newfoundland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367291242#Date_unknown", "title": "1511", "revid": 1367291242, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1520, "year_label": "1520 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 (Feast of St. Ursula) – The islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon are discovered by Portuguese explorer João Álvares Fagundes, off Newfoundland. He names them Islands of the 11,000 Virgins, in honour of Saint Ursula.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307705#October–December", "title": "1520", "revid": 1367307705, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1534, "year_label": "1534 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 10", "text": "May 10 – Jacques Cartier explores Newfoundland, while searching for the Northwest Passage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558671#April–June", "title": "1534", "revid": 1369558671, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1578, "year_label": "1578 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – According to some accounts, Englishman Martin Frobisher holds the first Thanksgiving celebration by Europeans in Canada, on Newfoundland, after he and his fleet encounter two ships that they feared had been lost. However, the celebration involves no feast and is limited to a sermon by the expedition's minister and Frobisher's men giving praise.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356931160#July–September", "title": "1578", "revid": 1356931160, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Francis Drake, during his circumnavigation of the world, lands in modern-day California, which he claims for Queen Elizabeth I. With an English claim here and in Newfoundland, it becomes the basis for English colonial charters which will claim all land from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from \"sea to sea.\" Drake's claim is called Nova Albion (New England), and subsequent maps will show all lands north of New Spain and New Mexico under this name.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#April–June", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1583, "year_label": "1583 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – Sir Humphrey Gilbert, on the site of the modern-day city of St. John's, claims the island of Newfoundland on behalf of England, marking the beginning of the British Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363312090#July–September", "title": "1583", "revid": 1363312090, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1610, "year_label": "1610 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – John Guy sets sail from Bristol, with 39 other colonists, for Newfoundland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361322431#July–September", "title": "1610", "revid": 1361322431, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1613, "year_label": "1613 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – The first English child is born in what will become Canada at Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland to Nicholas Guy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366649732#January–March", "title": "1613", "revid": 1366649732, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1713, "year_label": "1713 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Treaty of Utrecht. The French cede Newfoundland and the Hudson Bay region. They retain Cape Breton Island and Île Saint-Jean (Prince Edward Island).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349952571#Events", "title": "1713 in Canada", "revid": 1349952571, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1805, "year_label": "1805 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – British troopship Aeneas is wrecked off Newfoundland with the loss of 340 lives.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357161554#October–December", "title": "1805", "revid": 1357161554, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1805, "year_label": "1805 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 23", "text": "23 October – Troopship Aeneas is wrecked off Newfoundland with the loss of 340 lives.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340303594#Events", "title": "1805 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1340303594, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1816, "year_label": "1816 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – The British troop transport Harpooner, returning from Quebec to Britain, is wrecked at Cape Pine on Newfoundland (island) with the loss of 208 of the 385 people on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363267979#October–December", "title": "1816", "revid": 1363267979, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1919, "year_label": "1919 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8–27 – United States Navy Curtiss flying boat NC-4, commanded by Albert Cushing Read, makes the first transatlantic flight, from Naval Air Station Rockaway to Lisbon via Trepassey, Newfoundland (departs May 16) and the Azores (arrives May 17). (On May 30–31 it flies on to Plymouth in England.)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373508849#May", "title": "1919", "revid": 1373508849, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – 18 – Aviator Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to make a successful transatlantic flight, as a passenger in a Fokker F.VIIb/3m piloted by Wilmer Stultz, from Newfoundland to Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372527586#June", "title": "1928", "revid": 1372527586, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – TAT-2, AT&T's second transatlantic telephone cable goes into operation between Newfoundland and France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#February", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1982, "year_label": "1982 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – The oil platform Ocean Ranger sinks during a storm off the coast of Newfoundland, killing all 84 rig workers aboard.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373279023#February", "title": "1982", "revid": 1373279023, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 11", "text": "August 11 – Tamil refugees are found drifting off the coast of Newfoundland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351818303#July_to_December", "title": "1986 in Canada", "revid": 1351818303, "section": "Events › July to December"}}]}