{"slug": "nazism", "label": "Nazism", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazism", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310", "qid": "Q7310", "description": "ideology of the German Völkisch movement in the 20th century", "entries": 36, "years": 22, "span": [1923, 1993], "span_label": ["1923 CE", "1993 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 12}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Nazi", "Nazis"], "related": [{"slug": "the-holocaust", "label": "The Holocaust", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "jews", "label": "Jews", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "cuba", "label": "Cuba", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "florida", "label": "Florida", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "munich", "label": "Munich", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "adolf-hitler", "label": "Adolf Hitler", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hermann-goring", "label": "Hermann Göring", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "schutzstaffel", "label": "Schutzstaffel", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "vichy-france", "label": "Vichy France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pierre-laval", "label": "Pierre Laval", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "june", "label": "June", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1923, "year_label": "1923 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – The premiere of Bertolt Brecht's play In the Jungle (Im Dickicht), at the Residenztheater in Munich, is interrupted by Nazi demonstrators.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367772921#May–June", "title": "1923", "revid": 1367772921, "section": "Events › May–June"}}, {"year": 1923, "year_label": "1923 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government; police and troops crush the attempt the next day in one of several significant events on 9 November in German history. 20 people die as a result of associated violence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367772921#November–December", "title": "1923", "revid": 1367772921, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – 1930 German federal election: National Socialists win 107 seats in the German Parliament, the Reichstag (18.3% of all the votes), making them the second largest party.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373315156#September", "title": "1930", "revid": 1373315156, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1933, "year_label": "1933 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 – The recently elected Nazis (under Julius Streicher) organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371108771#April", "title": "1933", "revid": 1371108771, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1933, "year_label": "1933 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – The Stahlhelm veterans' organization joins the Nazi party in Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371108771#April", "title": "1933", "revid": 1371108771, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1933, "year_label": "1933 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – The Nazi Party in Germany introduces a law to legalize eugenic sterilization.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371108771#May", "title": "1933", "revid": 1371108771, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1934, "year_label": "1934 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – July 2 – Night of the Long Knives in Germany: Nazis purge the Sturmabteilung (SA), the left-wing Strasserist faction of the Nazi Party, and prominent conservative anti-Nazis, in a series of political murders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372993239#May–June", "title": "1934", "revid": 1372993239, "section": "Events › May–June"}}, {"year": 1934, "year_label": "1934 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "June 30", "text": "30 June – Night of the Long Knives: Nazis purge the SA.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362447162#Events", "title": "1934 in Germany", "revid": 1362447162, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1934, "year_label": "1934 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – July Putsch: Austrian Nazis assassinate chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss, during a failed coup attempt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372993239#July–August", "title": "1934", "revid": 1372993239, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1937, "year_label": "1937 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 (dated March 14 (Passion Sunday)) – The encyclical Mit brennender Sorge (\"With burning concern\") of Pope Pius XI is published in Germany in the German language. Largely the work of Cardinals von Faulhaber and Pacelli, it condemns breaches of the 1933 Reichskonkordat agreement signed between the Nazi government and the Catholic Church, and criticises Nazism's views on race and other matters incompatible with Catholicism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371759714#March", "title": "1937", "revid": 1371759714, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1938, "year_label": "1938 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg of Austria meets Adolf Hitler at Berchtesgaden and, under threat of invasion, is forced to yield to German demands for greater Nazi participation in the Austrian government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818751#February", "title": "1938", "revid": 1368818751, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1938, "year_label": "1938 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – Holocaust – Kristallnacht: In Germany, the \"night of broken glass\" begins as Nazi activists and sympathizers loot and burn Jewish businesses (the all night affair sees 7,500 Jewish businesses destroyed, 267 synagogues burned, 91 Jews killed and at least 25,000 Jewish men arrested). One of several significant events on 9 November in German history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818751#November", "title": "1938", "revid": 1368818751, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1938, "year_label": "1938 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 9", "text": "9 November — Holocaust – Kristallnacht: In Germany, the \"night of broken glass\" begins as Nazi activists and sympathizers loot and burn Jewish businesses (the all night affair sees 7,500 Jewish businesses destroyed, 267 synagogues burned, 91 Jews killed, and at least 25,000 Jewish men arrested).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362709587#Events", "title": "1938 in Germany", "revid": 1362709587, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – The St. Louis, a ship carrying 907 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida; only a few passengers have been allowed to enter Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, many of its passengers later die in Nazi death camps during The Holocaust.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#June", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – The SS St. Louis, a ship carrying a cargo of 907 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida after already having been turned away from Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, many of the passengers later die in Nazi death camps during the Holocaust.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362076407#June", "title": "1939 in the United States", "revid": 1362076407, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – The last remaining Jewish enterprises in Germany are closed by the Nazis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#July", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "December 29", "text": "29 December – Police issue a warrant for the arrest of the tycoon Fritz Thyssen who once funded but now opposes the Nazis. He is believed to be in Portugal", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369972632#Events", "title": "1939 in Germany", "revid": 1369972632, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – WWII: The Nazis forcibly restore Pierre Laval to the office of Prime Minister in occupied Vichy France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372706275#February", "title": "1941", "revid": 1372706275, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – WWII: The Holocaust: Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring orders S.S. General Reinhard Heydrich to \"submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired Final Solution of the Jewish question.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372706275#July", "title": "1941", "revid": 1372706275, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – The Holocaust: Nazis at the Wannsee Conference convened by Reinhard Heydrich in Berlin decide that the \"Final Solution (Endlösung) to the Jewish problem\" is deportations to extermination camps.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#January", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 9", "text": "9 June — World War II: Nazis burn the Czech village of Lidice in reprisal for the killing of Reinhard Heydrich.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370680952#Events", "title": "1942 in Germany", "revid": 1370680952, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June (late) – The Holocaust: The last trainload of Jewish prisoners is moved from Bełżec extermination camp in occupied Poland (for gassing at Sobibór), and for the remainder of the year the Nazis make efforts to obliterate the site.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#June", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 23", "text": "March 23 – WWII: Members of the Italian Resistance attack Nazis marching in Via Rasella, killing 33.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#March", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 2", "text": "October 2 – Nazi troops end the Warsaw Uprising. Home Army commander Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski signs the act of capitulation. This is followed by the Destruction of Warsaw.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#October", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 9", "text": "October 9 – Former prime minister Pierre Laval is sentenced to death, for collaboration with the Nazis in Vichy France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#October", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – The Nuremberg trials begin: Trials against 22 Nazis for war crimes of World War II start at the Palace of Justice, Nuremberg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#November", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 15", "text": "October 15 – Nuremberg trials: Hermann Göring, founder of the Gestapo and recently convicted Nazi war criminal, poisons himself two hours before his scheduled execution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#October", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1947, "year_label": "1947 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – In Brussels, 15,000 people demonstrate against the relatively short prison sentences of Belgian Nazi criminals.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371901060#November", "title": "1947", "revid": 1371901060, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 10", "text": "10 September – The Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany is signed. According to the Agreement, West Germany was to pay Israel for the slave labor and persecution of Jews during the Holocaust, and to compensate for Jewish property that was stolen by the Nazis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358744988#Events", "title": "1952 in Israel", "revid": 1358744988, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – The trial of Nazi Adolf Eichmann begins in Jerusalem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#April", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 31", "text": "31 May – Adolf Eichmann (born 1906), German Nazi and SS-Obersturmbannführer (Lieutenant Colonel) and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust, executed in prison at Ramla, Israel", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1291856070#Notable_deaths", "title": "1962 in Israel", "revid": 1291856070, "section": "Notable deaths"}}, {"year": 1965, "year_label": "1965 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – The West German parliament extends the statute of limitations on Nazi war crimes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368843670#March–April", "title": "1965", "revid": 1368843670, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1972, "year_label": "1972 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 23", "text": "December 23 – Swedish Prime minister Olof Palme compares the American bombings of North Vietnam to Nazi massacres. The U.S. breaks diplomatic contact with Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371514417#December", "title": "1972", "revid": 1371514417, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – An article in The New York Times charges that Kurt Waldheim, former United Nations Secretary-General and candidate for president of Austria, may have been involved in Nazi war crimes during World War II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#March", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 29", "text": "February 29 – A Nazi document implicates Kurt Waldheim in World War II deportations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532411#February", "title": "1988", "revid": 1373532411, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 29", "text": "July 29 – The Israeli Supreme Court acquits accused Nazi death camp guard John Demjanjuk of all charges and he is set free.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#July", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › July"}}]}