{"slug": "mumbai", "label": "Mumbai", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156", "qid": "Q1156", "description": "capital city in Maharashtra, India", "entries": 50, "years": 41, "span": [125, 2008], "span_label": ["125 CE", "2008 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 11}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Bombay"], "related": [{"slug": "mahatma-gandhi", "label": "Mahatma Gandhi", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "east-india-company", "label": "East India Company", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "durban", "label": "Durban", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "charles-ii-of-england", "label": "Charles II of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "maratha-empire", "label": "Maratha Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "united-kingdom", "label": "United Kingdom", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "portugal", "label": "Portugal", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tangier", "label": "Tangier", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "surat", "label": "Surat", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pakistan", "label": "Pakistan", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 125, "year_label": "125 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Gautamiputra Satakarni, a king of the Andhra dynasty, conquers the Konkan near Bombay. He then controls central India from coast to coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188707#Asia", "title": "AD 125", "revid": 1371188707, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1661, "year_label": "1661 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 23", "text": "June 23 – The \"Marriage Treaty\" is signed between representatives of King Charles II of England and King João IV of Portugal, providing a military alliance between the two kingdoms and a marriage between Charles of the House of Stuart and João's daughter Catherine of the House of Braganza on May 21, 1662. The treaty also sets the transfer of Portuguese territory in India (at Bombay) and in North Africa (Tangier) to England as well as military aid from England to Portugal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986603#April–June", "title": "1661", "revid": 1365986603, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1661, "year_label": "1661 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 23", "text": "23 June – Charles II signs a marriage treaty with Portugal. He will marry Catherine of Braganza; as part of the dowry, Portugal cedes Bombay and Tangier to England and grants free trade with Brazil and the East Indies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737330#Events", "title": "1661 in England", "revid": 1353737330, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1662, "year_label": "1662 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – (May 31 N.S.); Princess Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King João IV of Portugal, marries Charles II of England. As part of the dowry, Portugal cedes Bombay in India, and Tangier in Morocco, to England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988036#April–June", "title": "1662", "revid": 1365988036, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1668, "year_label": "1668 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – King Charles II of England signs an agreement with representatives of the English East India Company to lease the Indian city of Bombay (modern-day Mumbai) to the company for a rent of 10 pounds sterling per year, with transfer taking effect on September 21.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989896#January–March", "title": "1668", "revid": 1365989896, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1668, "year_label": "1668 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – The British East India Company takes over Bombay under a Royal Charter of March 27.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989896#July–September", "title": "1668", "revid": 1365989896, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1668, "year_label": "1668 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 21", "text": "21 September – The British East India Company takes over Bombay under a Royal Charter of 27 March.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737382#Events", "title": "1668 in England", "revid": 1353737382, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1670, "year_label": "1670 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3 – In India, Chhatrapati Shivaji maharaj, the ruler of the Maratha Empire, leads an attack on the British settlement at Surat near Bombay. British Governor Gerald Aungier secures the British fortress at Surat and saves the lives and property of British citizens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368809725#October–December", "title": "1670", "revid": 1368809725, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1679, "year_label": "1679 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – A sea battle is fought between England's Royal Navy and the navy of India's Maratha Empire (under the command of Mai Nayak Bhandari), with English bombardment driving the Maratha occupation of the island fortress at Khanderi (off of the western Indian coast south of Mumbai).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366669253#October–December", "title": "1679", "revid": 1366669253, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1683, "year_label": "1683 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – In a battle at Kalyan (near Bombay) between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire in India, Maratha General Hambirrao Mohite defeats the local Mughal official, Ranamast Khan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366000368#January–March", "title": "1683", "revid": 1366000368, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1690, "year_label": "1690 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – Siddi general Yadi Sakat razes the Mazagon Fort in Mumbai.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369486553#April–June", "title": "1690", "revid": 1369486553, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1735, "year_label": "1735 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "A shipbuilding industry begins in Mumbai.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365121192#Date_unknown", "title": "1735", "revid": 1365121192, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – Raghunathrao, Peshwa of the Maratha Empire in India, signs the Treaty of Surat with the British Governor-General Warren Hastings in Bombay ceding the territories of Salsette and Bassein to the British East India Company along with part of the revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts in return for military assistance. This leads to the First Anglo-Maratha War fought between the British and the Marathas, ending with the Treaty of Salbai in 1782.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#January–June", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17 – The frigate HMS Trincomalee is launched in Bombay for the British Royal Navy. She will still be afloat two centuries later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360260504#October–December", "title": "1817", "revid": 1360260504, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1845, "year_label": "1845 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Grant Medical College opened in Bombay", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1241472301#Events", "title": "1845 in India", "revid": 1241472301, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1847, "year_label": "1847 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The first railway line completed in India between Bombay and Thane came to fruition on April 16, 1853, although the proposal and planning phase began earlier in 1847. This railway line covered a distance of approximately 21 miles (34 kilometers).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353783048#Events", "title": "1847 in India", "revid": 1353783048, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "The \"Childe Herold\", a British ship en route from Bombay to London is wrecked off Dassen Island, Cape Colony", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269184146#Events", "title": "1850 in South Africa", "revid": 1269184146, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1851, "year_label": "1851 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17 – The first Parsi-Muslim riot begins in Bombay, India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#October–December", "title": "1851", "revid": 1358777790, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1853, "year_label": "1853 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "April 16", "text": "April 16 – Indian Railways: The first passenger railway in India opens from Bombay to Thana, Maharashtra, 22 mi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352708271#April–June", "title": "1853", "revid": 1352708271, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1853, "year_label": "1853 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "April 16", "text": "April 16 – The first Indian train steamed off from Bombay to Thane. The train was drawn by three steam locomotives and covered the 34 km distance in 57 minutes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1241472226#Events", "title": "1853 in India", "revid": 1241472226, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1855, "year_label": "1855 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway was incorporated to undertake the task of constructing a railway line between Bombay and Vadodara", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1241472235#Events", "title": "1855 in India", "revid": 1241472235, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 24", "text": "January 24 – The University of Calcutta is established in Calcutta, as the first multidisciplinary modern university in South Asia. The University of Bombay is also established in Bombay, British India, this year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366379985#January–March", "title": "1857", "revid": 1366379985, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fort George in Bombay (now Mumbai) is destroyed", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1289125746#Events", "title": "1862 in India", "revid": 1289125746, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1870, "year_label": "1870 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The first submarine telegraph cable from UK landed in Bombay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351126462#Events", "title": "1870 in India", "revid": 1351126462, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1874, "year_label": "1874 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – The first commercial horse-drawn carriage debuts in the city of Bombay, plying two routes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371979117#May", "title": "1874", "revid": 1371979117, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1882, "year_label": "1882 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 6", "text": "June 6 – Supposedly, the Bombay Cyclone of 1882 in the Arabian Sea causes flooding in Bombay harbor, leaving about 100,000 dead; this alleged event has, however, been proved a hoax.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360586433#June", "title": "1882", "revid": 1360586433, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1885, "year_label": "1885 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 28", "text": "December 28 – 72 Indian lawyers, academics and journalists gather in Bombay to form the Congress Party.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366156062#December", "title": "1885", "revid": 1366156062, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1888, "year_label": "1888 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – Mohandas Gandhi embarks on the SS Clyde from Bombay for London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679419#September", "title": "1888", "revid": 1372679419, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi embarks from Durban for Calcutta en route to Bombay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1271214977", "title": "1896 in South Africa", "revid": 1271214977, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi arrives back in Durban with his wife and two sons, but the ship is placed under a 5-day quarantine because Bombay was declared a plague-infected port. Quarantine will later be extended to 13 January 1897.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1271214977", "title": "1896 in South Africa", "revid": 1271214977, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October", "text": "Mahatma Gandhi embarks at Durban for Mauritius en route to Bombay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315450918", "title": "1901 in South Africa", "revid": 1315450918, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December", "text": "Mahatma Gandhi arrives in Durban from Bombay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1285888199", "title": "1902 in South Africa", "revid": 1285888199, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1903, "year_label": "1903 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 16", "text": "December 16 – The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel in Bombay (now Mumbai), India opens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373319317#December", "title": "1903", "revid": 1373319317, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1907, "year_label": "1907 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – The Austrian Lloyd steamship Imperatrix, from Trieste to Bombay, is wrecked on Cape of Crete and sinks; 137 lives are lost.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373349351#February", "title": "1907", "revid": 1373349351, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – Mahatma Gandhi is arrested in Bombay for sedition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#March", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 9", "text": "August 9 – Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi is arrested in Bombay, by British forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#August", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – Bombay Explosion: Freighter SS Fort Stikine, carrying a mixed cargo of ammunition, cotton bales and gold, explodes in harbour at Bombay (India), sinking surrounding ships and killing around 1,300 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#April", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – Street violence between Muslims and Hindus erupts in Bombay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#September", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1947, "year_label": "1947 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – Indian passenger ship SS Ramdas is capsized by a cyclone at Mumbai, India, with 625 people killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371901060#July", "title": "1947", "revid": 1371901060, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1947, "year_label": "1947 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 27", "text": "27 December: A Douglas C-48C (VT-AUG) of Air India crashed into Korangi Creek en route from Karachi to Bombay, killing all 23 onboard (4 crew and 19 passengers). The crash was found to have been the result of poor visibility during night hours and the instrument lights not working, with serious fault assigned to the captain. The crash was Pakistan's first deadly airliner crash.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1285038217#December", "title": "1947 in Pakistan", "revid": 1285038217, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "September 28", "text": "28 September: A Japan Airlines Flight 472 en route from Mumbai to Tokyo was hijacked by 5 Japanese Red Army terrorists shortly after takeoff, and forced the plane to land at then Zia International Airport. The terrorists' demand of $6 million and release of 6 JRA terrorists from Japanese prison was met by the Japanese Prime Minister. Bangladesh Air Force was deployed to control the situation in the ground and to facilitate negotiations", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338877710#Events", "title": "1977 in Bangladesh", "revid": 1338877710, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1978, "year_label": "1978 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022681#January", "title": "1978", "revid": 1370022681, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6–20 – The Bombay riots take place in Mumbai.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#January", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – 1993 Bombay bombings: Several bombs explode in Bombay, India, killing 257 and injuring hundreds more.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#March", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November", "text": "November – The Indian government officially renames the city of Bombay, restoring the name Mumbai.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372467239#November", "title": "1995", "revid": 1372467239, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25 – Car bombs explode at Gateway of India and Zaveri Bazaar in Mumbai, claiming 54 lives and injuring 244 others. Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba is blamed for the attack. The attack causes an escalation in the Kashmir conflict.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371470479#August", "title": "2003", "revid": 1371470479, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – A series of seven bomb blasts hits the city of Mumbai, India, killing more than 200 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373069605#July", "title": "2006", "revid": 1373069605, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 11", "text": "11 July – 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings: A series of coordinated bomb attacks struck several commuter trains in Mumbai, India during the evening rush hour.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354649166#July_-_December", "title": "2006 in India", "revid": 1354649166, "section": "Events › July - December"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "26–29 November – 2008 Mumbai attacks: 175 people were killed and over 308 wounded in more than ten coordinated shooting and bombing attacks across Mumbai, India's largest city, carried out by Islamic terrorists from Pakistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355969183#June_-_December", "title": "2008 in India", "revid": 1355969183, "section": "Events › June - December"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26–29 – 2008 Mumbai attacks: Ten terrorists of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, a Pakistan-based terror group, carry out four days of coordinated bombing and shooting attacks across Mumbai, killing 166 people. One terrorist, Ajmal Kasab, was captured alive and executed in 2012.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372634791#November", "title": "2008", "revid": 1372634791, "section": "Events › November"}}]}