{"slug": "mount-vesuvius", "label": "Mount Vesuvius", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524", "qid": "Q524", "description": "active stratovolcano in the Gulf of Naples, Italy", "entries": 17, "years": 17, "span": [-1626, 1944], "span_label": ["1627 BCE", "1944 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 13}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Vesuvius"], "related": [{"slug": "pompeii", "label": "Pompeii", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "volcanic-eruption", "label": "Volcanic eruption", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "campania", "label": "Campania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "theodoric-the-great", "label": "Theodoric the Great", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "europe", "label": "Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "naples", "label": "Naples", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "looting", "label": "Looting", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "capua", "label": "Capua", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "calabria", "label": "Calabria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "santorini", "label": "Santorini", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dendrochronology", "label": "Dendrochronology", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -1626, "year_label": "1627 BCE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "1627 BC—Beginning of a period of cooling of the world climate lasting several years, recorded in tree-rings all over the world. Various volcanic eruptions have been suggested for the cause of this climatic event; the Minoan eruption of Thera, the Avellino eruption of Mount Vesuvius, or the eruption of Mount Aniakchak.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357667915#Events_and_trends", "title": "1620s BC", "revid": 1357667915, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -339, "year_label": "340 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Roman-Samnite army under consuls Publius Decius Mus and Titus Manlius Torquatus attack and defeat the Latins and Campanians near Mount Vesuvius in the Battle of Vesuvius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1239354213#Roman_Republic", "title": "340 BC", "revid": 1239354213, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -72, "year_label": "73 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Third Servile War: Spartacus, a Thracian gladiator, escapes with around 70 slave-gladiators from a gladiator school at Capua. They defeat a small Roman force and equip themselves with captured military equipment as well with gladiatorial weapons. Spartacus and his band of gladiators plunder the region surrounding Capua and retire to a defensible position on Mount Vesuvius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1232397998#Roman_Republic", "title": "73 BC", "revid": 1232397998, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 63, "year_label": "63 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Pompeii, the city at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, builds a new monumental forum, after the town is heavily damaged by a strong earthquake.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330182489#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 63", "revid": 1330182489, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 79, "year_label": "79 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 or c. October 24 – Eruption of Mount Vesuvius: Mount Vesuvius erupts, destroying Pompeii, Herculaneum, Stabiae and Oplontis. The Roman navy (based at Misenum), commanded by Pliny the Elder, evacuates refugees. Pliny dies after inhaling volcanic fumes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371506261#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 79", "revid": 1371506261, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 472, "year_label": "472 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Mount Vesuvius erupts. During the volcanic eruption the whole of southern Europe is blanketed by ash.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350806015#Roman_Empire", "title": "472", "revid": 1350806015, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 512, "year_label": "512 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "King Theodoric the Great grants citizens on Mount Vesuvius exemption from taxes, after a severe eruption in southeastern Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369170659#Europe", "title": "512", "revid": 1369170659, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1631, "year_label": "1631 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 16", "text": "December 16 – A volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius at Pompeii occurs, for the first time in several centuries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356869091#October–December", "title": "1631", "revid": 1356869091, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1682, "year_label": "1682 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 12", "text": "August 12 – Vesuvius begins a period of volcanic activity lasting for 10 days.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560956#July–September", "title": "1682", "revid": 1369560956, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1694, "year_label": "1694 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – The largest volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius since 1631 takes place, with lava flows towards both San Giorgio a Cremano and Torre del Greco, after explosions in the crater that began April 5. Around April 20, ash falls are experienced as far away as Calabria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353084901#April–June", "title": "1694", "revid": 1353084901, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1704, "year_label": "1704 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 19", "text": "May 19–23 – Vigorous Strombolian activity from Mount Vesuvius, Italy is recorded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358992532#April–June", "title": "1704", "revid": 1358992532, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1709, "year_label": "1709 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Herculaneum, an ancient town in Ercolano, Campania, Italy and buried under volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, is discovered by accident when attempts to drill a well for a monastery encountered marble and other materials.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361817608#Date_unknown", "title": "1709", "revid": 1361817608, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1738, "year_label": "1738 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 22", "text": "October 22 – The excavation of Herculaneum, a Roman city buried by Vesuvius in AD 79, begins near the Italian city of Resina on orders from King Charles III of Spain to his engineer, Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363165384#October–December", "title": "1738", "revid": 1363165384, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1794, "year_label": "1794 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June", "text": "June–July – Mount Vesuvius erupts in Italy; the town of Torre del Greco is destroyed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801189#April–June", "title": "1794", "revid": 1362801189, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1822, "year_label": "1822 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – The volcano Mount Vesuvius near Naples erupts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367154222#October–December", "title": "1822", "revid": 1367154222, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1906, "year_label": "1906 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – Mount Vesuvius in Campania erupts, killing over 100 people and ejecting the most lava ever recorded from a Vesuvian eruption. Italian authorities were preparing to hold the 1908 Summer Olympics when Mount Vesuvius erupted, devastating the province of Naples. Funds were diverted to the reconstruction of Naples, requiring a new location for the Olympics to be found.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339438165#April", "title": "1906 in Italy", "revid": 1339438165, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – The last eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy kills 26, and causes thousands to flee their homes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#March", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › March"}}]}