{"slug": "mesoamerica", "label": "Mesoamerica", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerica", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13703", "qid": "Q13703", "description": "historical region and cultural area in southern North America and most of Central America", "entries": 13, "years": 12, "span": [-1799, 1521], "span_label": ["1800 BCE", "1521 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 3}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Mesoamerican"], "related": [{"slug": "olmecs", "label": "Olmecs", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "central-america", "label": "Central America", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "maya-civilization", "label": "Maya civilization", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mexico", "label": "Mexico", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "peru", "label": "Peru", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "venezuela", "label": "Venezuela", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "colombia", "label": "Colombia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "south-america", "label": "South America", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "spanish-empire", "label": "Spanish Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hernan-cortes", "label": "Hernán Cortés", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "palenque", "label": "Palenque", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tikal", "label": "Tikal", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -1799, "year_label": "1800 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "c. 1800 BC: Sedentary Mayan communities in Mesoamerica", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370570236#Events", "title": "18th century BC", "revid": 1370570236, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -1499, "year_label": "1500 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "c. 1500 BC — Formative/Preclassic period starts in Mesoamerica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320312812#Events_and_trends", "title": "1500s BC (decade)", "revid": 1320312812, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -1199, "year_label": "1200 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "c. 1200 BC: Olmec culture starts and thrives in Mesoamerica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350963473#Events_and_trends", "title": "1200s BC (decade)", "revid": 1350963473, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -499, "year_label": "500 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Olmec established Monte Albán, the sacred city, and continued building pyramids. Founded toward the end of the Middle Formative period at around 500 BCE, by the Terminal Formative (ca.100 BCE–CE 200) Monte Albán soon became the capital of a large-scale expansionist polity that dominated much of the Oaxacan highlands and interacts with other Mesoamerican regional states, such as Teotihuacan to the north (Paddock 1983; Marcus 1983).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363151372#Mesoamerica", "title": "500 BC", "revid": 1363151372, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": -499, "year_label": "500 BCE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The world population reaches 100,000,000—85,000,000 in the Eastern Hemisphere and 15,000,000 in the Western Hemisphere, primarily Mesoamerica and northern South America (Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363151372#Demographics", "title": "500 BC", "revid": 1363151372, "section": "Events › By topic › Demographics"}}, {"year": -399, "year_label": "400 BCE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The Olmec culture in Mesoamerica comes to an end as its city of La Venta is abandoned (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361270863#By_place", "title": "400 BC", "revid": 1361270863, "section": "Events › By place"}}, {"year": 156, "year_label": "156 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "The La Mojarra Stela 1 is produced in Mesoamerica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188020#America", "title": "AD 156", "revid": 1371188020, "section": "Events › By place › America"}}, {"year": 250, "year_label": "250 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Classic period of Mesoamerican civilization begins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187135#Mesoamerica", "title": "250", "revid": 1371187135, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 300, "year_label": "300 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The Formative/Preclassic period in Mesoamerica comes to an end approximately around this year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361492719#Mesoamerica", "title": "300", "revid": 1361492719, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 800, "year_label": "800 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Itza culture starts in Mesoamerica (840).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367075277#Central_America", "title": "800", "revid": 1367075277, "section": "Events › Africa › Central America"}}, {"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "The Postclassic Period: The Maya civilization that has flourished for about 650 years in upland areas of what later will be called Central America comes to an end as a result either of depleted agricultural resources or warfare between some 40 rival city-states. The great stone pyramids, ball courts and other structures at cities such as Tikal, Copán, and Palenque are abandoned and overgrown with jungle, as will eventually be the sculpture and relief carvings of the Maya, who have developed a calendar based on almost perfect astronomic measurements. Cities such as Chichen Itza, Mayapan and Uxmal in the highlands of the Yucatán Peninsula will continue to flourish.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Mesoamerica", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 1418, "year_label": "1418 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ixtlilxochitl I, ruler of the Mesoamerican city-state of Texcoco, and ally of the Aztecs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357024356#Deaths", "title": "1418", "revid": 1357024356, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1521, "year_label": "1521 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – Fall of Tenochtitlan: Cuauhtémoc surrenders to Cortés, thus incorporating the Aztec Empire into the Spanish Empire and ending the Late Postclassic period in Mesoamerica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369246997#July–September", "title": "1521", "revid": 1369246997, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}