{"slug": "melbourne", "label": "Melbourne", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141", "qid": "Q3141", "description": "capital city of Victoria, Australia", "entries": 55, "years": 43, "span": [1835, 2006], "span_label": ["1835 CE", "2006 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 12}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 8}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 6}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 5}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 3}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}], "also_known_as": ["Melbourne, Victoria"], "related": [{"slug": "sydney", "label": "Sydney", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "victoria-state", "label": "Victoria (state)", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "australia", "label": "Australia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "stockholm", "label": "Stockholm", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "prime-minister-of-australia", "label": "Prime Minister of Australia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "liberal-party-of-australia", "label": "Liberal Party of Australia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "john-gorton", "label": "John Gorton", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "queen-victoria", "label": "Queen Victoria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "governor-of-new-south-wales", "label": "Governor of New South Wales", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "melbourne-cup", "label": "Melbourne Cup", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "liverpool", "label": "Liverpool", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1835, "year_label": "1835 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 6", "text": "6 June – Batman's Treaty is created between John Batman and Wurundjeri elders to secure the land around Port Phillip Bay for the establishment of Melbourne. The treaty was later declared void by the Governor of New South Wales, Richard Bourke.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1241089108#Events", "title": "1835 in Australia", "revid": 1241089108, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1835, "year_label": "1835 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 30", "text": "August 30 – European settlers, landing on the north banks of the Yarra River in Victoria, Australia, found the settlement of Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364866184#July–September", "title": "1835", "revid": 1364866184, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1835, "year_label": "1835 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "December 29", "text": "29 December – Mary Gilbert gives birth to her son, James Port Phillip Gilbert, the first European child born in the Port Phillip settlement of Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1241089108#Events", "title": "1835 in Australia", "revid": 1241089108, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1837, "year_label": "1837 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 1", "text": "1 June - First inner-city land sale in Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354294378#Events", "title": "1837 in Australia", "revid": 1354294378, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 3", "text": "January 3 – One of the predecessor papers of the Herald Sun of Melbourne, Australia, The Port Phillip Herald, is founded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360387586#January–March", "title": "1840", "revid": 1360387586, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1851, "year_label": "1851 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 6", "text": "6 February – The Black Thursday bushfires rage from Mount Gambier to Melbourne. Fires covered a quarter of what is now the state of Victoria, approximately 50,000 km 2 . Areas affected include Portland, the Plenty Ranges to the north of Melbourne, Westernport, the Wimmera and Dandenong districts. Approximately 12 people died, one million sheep and thousands of cattle were lost.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330921611#January–March", "title": "1851 in Australia", "revid": 1330921611, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1852, "year_label": "1852 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 10", "text": "10 February – the Supreme Court of Victoria sits for the first time in Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333064543#Events", "title": "1852 in Australia", "revid": 1333064543, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1854, "year_label": "1854 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – Australia's first telegraph line, linking Melbourne and Williamstown, Victoria, opens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362496011#January–March", "title": "1854", "revid": 1362496011, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1854, "year_label": "1854 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17 – The Age newspaper is founded in Melbourne, Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362496011#October–December", "title": "1854", "revid": 1362496011, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1855, "year_label": "1855 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 16", "text": "16 February – emigrant ship Tornado sails from Broomielaw in Glasgow with 500 settlers bound for Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362254645#Events", "title": "1855 in Scotland", "revid": 1362254645, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Switzerland opens a diplomatic consulate in Melbourne, Australia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353739746#Events", "title": "1856 in Switzerland", "revid": 1353739746, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – Building workers agitate for the eight-hour day in Melbourne, Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371140008#April–June", "title": "1856", "revid": 1371140008, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 5", "text": "November 5 – The first Melbourne Cup horse race is held in Melbourne, Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#November", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1866, "year_label": "1866 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 10", "text": "10 October – Dandenong Market opens in South-East Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320882129#Events", "title": "1866 in Australia", "revid": 1320882129, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1866, "year_label": "1866 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 24", "text": "24 October – The Intercolonial Exhibition of Australasia opens in Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320882129#Events", "title": "1866 in Australia", "revid": 1320882129, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 12", "text": "12 March – Henry James O'Farrell fires a revolver into the back of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (second son of Queen Victoria) while the latter is picnicking in the beachfront suburb of Clontarf. It was Australia's first attempted political assassination. O'Farrell first claimed that he was acting under instruction from Melbourne Fenians but later retracted the claims. He had problems with alcoholism and mental illness.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1241088877#Events", "title": "1868 in Australia", "revid": 1241088877, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1874, "year_label": "1874 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – Passenger ship British Admiral, on a voyage from Liverpool (England) to Melbourne (Australia), sinks after hitting rocks off King Island (Tasmania); only nine of the 88 passengers and crew are rescued.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371979117#May", "title": "1874", "revid": 1371979117, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1878, "year_label": "1878 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "January 8", "text": "8 January – The telephone is used for the first time in Australia in Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1310479563#Science_and_technology", "title": "1878 in Australia", "revid": 1310479563, "section": "Science and technology"}}, {"year": 1880, "year_label": "1880 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – Australian bushranger and bank robber Ned Kelly is hanged in Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371273111#November", "title": "1880", "revid": 1371273111, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1881, "year_label": "1881 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – Caulfield Grammar School is founded in Melbourne, Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369747876#April", "title": "1881", "revid": 1369747876, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1883, "year_label": "1883 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 14", "text": "14 June – A rail service between Sydney and Melbourne commences when the NSW and Victorian rail systems are joined at Albury.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598643#Events", "title": "1883 in Australia", "revid": 1360598643, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1885, "year_label": "1885 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 20", "text": "February 20 – The Richmond Football Club is officially formed at the Royal Hotel in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond, Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366156062#February", "title": "1885", "revid": 1366156062, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1892, "year_label": "1892 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – The Limelight Department, later one of the world's first film studios, is officially established in Melbourne, Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372569087#June", "title": "1892", "revid": 1372569087, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – In Melbourne the representatives of five colonies adopt a constitution which will become the basis of the Commonwealth of Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367547011#March", "title": "1898", "revid": 1367547011, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – The first Australian Parliament opens in Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#May", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1903, "year_label": "1903 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 28", "text": "November 28 – SS Petriana is wrecked on a reef outside Melbourne, Australia, causing one of the world's first major oil spills.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373319317#November", "title": "1903", "revid": 1373319317, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1906, "year_label": "1906 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 5", "text": "5 May – The first electric trams begin running in Melbourne from St Kilda to Brighton.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318908845#Events", "title": "1906 in Australia", "revid": 1318908845, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1906, "year_label": "1906 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 26", "text": "26 December – The national premiere of The Story of the Kelly Gang, generally regarded as the world's first feature length film, takes place at the Athenaeum Hall in Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318908845#Film", "title": "1906 in Australia", "revid": 1318908845, "section": "Film"}}, {"year": 1908, "year_label": "1908 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 – Sunshine rail disaster: A rear-end collision of two trains in Melbourne, Australia kills 44 people and injures more than 400.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373410903#April", "title": "1908", "revid": 1373410903, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1908, "year_label": "1908 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 8", "text": "8 October – The capital of Australia is chosen, settling a feud between rivals Melbourne and Sydney.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323151166#Events", "title": "1908 in Australia", "revid": 1323151166, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 16", "text": "16 July – Maurice Guillaux leaves Melbourne to fly to Sydney in a Blériot monoplane in the first delivery of airmail. He arrived in Sydney on 18 July after nine and a half hours of flying time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367719621#Events", "title": "1914 in Australia", "revid": 1367719621, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "October 6", "text": "6 October – Australia's first electric train service begins, between Newmarket and Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369256263#Events", "title": "1918 in Australia", "revid": 1369256263, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1921, "year_label": "1921 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "December 30", "text": "30 December – Twelve-year-old Alma Tirtschke is raped and murdered in Melbourne, in what becomes known as the Gun Alley Murder.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352788932#Events", "title": "1921 in Australia", "revid": 1352788932, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – The Sun News-Pictorial, a predecessor of the Melbourne, Australia, Herald Sun, is founded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#September", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1923, "year_label": "1923 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – The 1923 Victorian Police strike begins in Australia, with half of the Victoria Police force standing down over the use of labor spies. Rioting and looting take place in Melbourne city centre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367772921#November–December", "title": "1923", "revid": 1367772921, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 3", "text": "3 May – The Australasian Council of Trade Unions is formed at the All-Australian Trade Union Congress in Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374055517#Events", "title": "1927 in Australia", "revid": 1374055517, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – The Australian Parliament convenes for the first time in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. Previously, the Parliament had met in Melbourne, Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370012373#May", "title": "1927", "revid": 1370012373, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 21", "text": "21 March – The Australian National Airways aircraft Southern Cloud, carrying 8 persons, disappears on a flight between Sydney and Melbourne. The wreckage is not located until 1958.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352789273#Events", "title": "1931 in Australia", "revid": 1352789273, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1934, "year_label": "1934 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20–November 5 – The MacRobertson Air Race is flown from RAF Mildenhall in England to Melbourne, Australia, to celebrate the centenary of the state of Victoria. The overall winner is the British de Havilland DH.88 Comet G-ACSS Grosvenor House, flown by C. W. A. Scott and Tom Campbell Black.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372993239#September–October", "title": "1934", "revid": 1372993239, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1934, "year_label": "1934 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 11", "text": "11 November – The Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne is dedicated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363721726#Events", "title": "1934 in Australia", "revid": 1363721726, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "October 26", "text": "26 October – Double-decker buses replace the last cable trams in Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360069103#Events", "title": "1940 in Australia", "revid": 1360069103, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1955, "year_label": "1955 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "December 19", "text": "December 19 – Australian comedian Barry Humphries first introduces his character Edna Everage on stage in Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371173508#December", "title": "1955", "revid": 1371173508, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "11-17 June - The country stages the Equestrian events in the 1956 Summer Olympics because of problems with quarantine laws affecting the host city of Melbourne", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279561629#Sport", "title": "1956 in Sweden", "revid": 1279561629, "section": "Popular culture › Sport"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – 1956 Summer Olympics: Equestrian events open in Stockholm, Sweden (all other events are held in November in Melbourne, Australia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022627#June", "title": "1956", "revid": 1370022627, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 – The 1956 Summer Olympics begin in Melbourne, Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022627#November", "title": "1956", "revid": 1370022627, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 22", "text": "22 November-8 December – Malaya competed for the first time in 1956 Olympic Games at Melbourne, Australia. 32 competitors, 31 men and 1 woman, took part in 13 events in 5 sports.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1295058856#Events", "title": "1956 in Malaya", "revid": 1295058856, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1965, "year_label": "1965 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 27", "text": "27 April – Police raid Melbourne's Austral Bookshop and seize copies of The Trial of Lady Chatterley, a banned book which recounts of the British obscenity trial of author D. H. Lawrence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347025419#April", "title": "1965 in Australia", "revid": 1347025419, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 17", "text": "December 17 – Harold Holt, 17th Prime Minister of Australia, disappears when swimming at Cheviot Beach, 60 km from Melbourne. He was briefly replaced as prime minister by John McEwen, until the Liberal Party elected Minister for Education and Science John Gorton as leader.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#December", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "October 15", "text": "October 15 – A section of the new West Gate Bridge in Melbourne collapses into the river below, killing 35 construction workers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#October", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1974, "year_label": "1974 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 4", "text": "4 February – The Federal Minister for Labour, Mr Cameron, meets officials of the Australian Bank Officials Association in Melbourne in an effort to break the deadlock in the bank dispute. The association decides to lift is week-old ban on handling commercial cheques.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334885894#February", "title": "1974 in Australia", "revid": 1334885894, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1976, "year_label": "1976 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – The Great Bookie Robbery in Melbourne, Australia: Bandits steal A$1.4 million in bookmakers' settlements from Queen Street, Melbourne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372603253#April", "title": "1976", "revid": 1372603253, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1978, "year_label": "1978 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – Australian civilian pilot Frederick Valentich vanishes in a Cessna 182 Skylane over the Bass Strait south of Melbourne, after reporting contact with an unidentified aircraft.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022681#October", "title": "1978", "revid": 1370022681, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19 – Two weeks after it was stolen, the Picasso painting The Weeping Woman is found in a locker at the Spencer Street Station in Melbourne, Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#August", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 9", "text": "August 9 – Hoddle Street massacre in Australia: Julian Knight, 19, goes on a shooting rampage in the Melbourne suburb of Clifton Hill, Victoria, killing 7 people and injuring 19 before surrendering to police.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#August", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March", "text": "March - Nigeria was represented at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361615614#March", "title": "2006 in Nigeria", "revid": 1361615614, "section": "Events › March"}}]}