{"slug": "maya-peoples", "label": "Maya peoples", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_peoples", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45914", "qid": "Q45914", "description": "Mesoamerican ethnic group", "entries": 14, "years": 13, "span": [900, 1901], "span_label": ["900 CE", "1901 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Maya people"], "related": [{"slug": "yucatan-peninsula", "label": "Yucatán Peninsula", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "guatemala", "label": "Guatemala", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "maya-civilization", "label": "Maya civilization", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "palenque", "label": "Palenque", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tikal", "label": "Tikal", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "copan", "label": "Copán", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "central-america", "label": "Central America", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mesoamerica", "label": "Mesoamerica", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "agriculture", "label": "Agriculture", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "honduras", "label": "Honduras", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "chichen-itza", "label": "Chichen Itza", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "The Postclassic Period: The Maya civilization that has flourished for about 650 years in upland areas of what later will be called Central America comes to an end as a result either of depleted agricultural resources or warfare between some 40 rival city-states. The great stone pyramids, ball courts and other structures at cities such as Tikal, Copán, and Palenque are abandoned and overgrown with jungle, as will eventually be the sculpture and relief carvings of the Maya, who have developed a calendar based on almost perfect astronomic measurements. Cities such as Chichen Itza, Mayapan and Uxmal in the highlands of the Yucatán Peninsula will continue to flourish.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Mesoamerica", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 1221, "year_label": "1221 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Maya of the Yucatán revolt against the rulers of Chichen Itza.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363300593#Mesoamerica", "title": "1221", "revid": 1363300593, "section": "Events › By place › Mesoamerica"}}, {"year": 1441, "year_label": "1441 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A revolt occurs in the Mayan nation of Mayapan; the Maya civilization splits into warring city-states.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361382363#Date_unknown", "title": "1441", "revid": 1361382363, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1502, "year_label": "1502 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 30", "text": "July 30 – The first encounter between Europeans and the Maya people of Central America takes place when the Columbus brothers anchor at Guanaja, one of the Bay Islands off of the coast of what is now the nation of Honduras. An unfortunate group of Mayan traders happens to arrive at Guanaja at the same time, and its cargo is looted by Bartolomeo Columbus and his crew.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367622674#July–September", "title": "1502", "revid": 1367622674, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1508, "year_label": "1508 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – Upon the death of his father, King Oxlahuh-Tz'i, Hun-Iqʼ becomes one of the two kings of Guatemala's Kaqchikel Maya civilization. Hun-Iqʼ reigns jointly with King Kablahuh-Tihax until the latter's death on February 4.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320572#July–September", "title": "1508", "revid": 1351320572, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1517, "year_label": "1517 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – The first intentional landing by Europeans on the coast of Mexico takes place as the Cordoba Expedition arrives at Cabo Catoche on the Yucatán Peninsula, now in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. The Spaniards are attacked by the Mayans after being invited to visit, and a battle breaks out with 13 Spaniards ambushed and 15 Mayans killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366649067#January–March", "title": "1517", "revid": 1366649067, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1528, "year_label": "1528 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Montejo attempts an invasion of the Yucatán, but is driven out by the Maya peoples.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369577446#Date_unknown", "title": "1528", "revid": 1369577446, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1530, "year_label": "1530 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – The Kaqchikel people, a tribe of the Maya people of what is now the Sacatepéquez Department of Guatemala, surrender to the Spanish conquistadors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794362#April–June", "title": "1530", "revid": 1366794362, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1542, "year_label": "1542 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Tutul-Xiu, the Mayan ruler of the Maní in Yucatán, arrives at the Spanish settlement of Merida with food supplies for the colonists and offers to assist the Spaniards in their conquest of Yucatan in return for being installed as the leading Mayan ruler in Mexico.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947406#January–March", "title": "1542", "revid": 1359947406, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1761, "year_label": "1761 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26 – A 500-man force from the Army of Spain brings the revolt of Mexico's Maya population to an end, capturing the Yucatan village of Cisteil, killing about 500 of the 2,500 Mayan defenders and losing 40 of their own. The Spaniards arrest 254 people, including Jacinto Canek, who had proclaimed himself as King Canek Montezuma of the Mayas. Canek and eight other rebellion leaders are executed less than three weeks later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369831762#October–December", "title": "1761", "revid": 1369831762, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1848, "year_label": "1848 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 17", "text": "August 17 – The Independent Republic of Yucatán officially unites with Mexico, in exchange for Mexican help in suppressing a revolt by the indigenous Maya population.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370038858#July–September", "title": "1848", "revid": 1370038858, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1872, "year_label": "1872 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – A group of Icaiche Maya under Marcos Canul attack the British garrison at Orange Walk Town in British Honduras.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371307490#September", "title": "1872", "revid": 1371307490, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1872, "year_label": "1872 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 1", "text": "1 September – a group of Icaiche Maya under Marcos Canul attack Orange Walk Town in British Honduras as part of the Caste War of Yucatán. British troops are sent against them.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1324861168#Events", "title": "1872 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1324861168, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5 – The Caste War of Yucatán in Mexico officially ends, although Mayan skirmishers continue sporadic fighting for another decade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#May", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › May"}}]}