{"slug": "manila", "label": "Manila", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1461", "qid": "Q1461", "description": "capital city of the Philippines", "entries": 53, "years": 38, "span": [1564, 2006], "span_label": ["1564 CE", "2006 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 7}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 5}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 3}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Manila, Philippines"], "related": [{"slug": "philippines", "label": "Philippines", "shared": 13}, {"slug": "mexico", "label": "Mexico", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ferdinand-marcos", "label": "Ferdinand Marcos", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ming-dynasty", "label": "Ming dynasty", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spanish-empire", "label": "Spanish Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "miguel-lopez-de-legazpi", "label": "Miguel López de Legazpi", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "luzon", "label": "Luzon", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "governor-general-of-the-philippines", "label": "Governor-General of the Philippines", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "guam", "label": "Guam", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pacific-ocean", "label": "Pacific Ocean", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "acapulco", "label": "Acapulco", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1564, "year_label": "1564 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi sails from Mexico. Later, he will conquer the Philippine Islands, founding Manila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363117508#October–December", "title": "1564", "revid": 1363117508, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1571, "year_label": "1571 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 3", "text": "June 3 – Following the Battle of Bangkusay Channel, the conquest of the Kingdom of Maynila is complete; Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi makes Manila a city, and the capital of the Philippines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369367955#April–June", "title": "1571", "revid": 1369367955, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1573, "year_label": "1573 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The first Spanish galleon, laden with silver for the porcelain and silk trade with the Ming Dynasty of China, lands at Manila in the Philippines. This occasion marks the beginning of the Spanish silver trade to China, that will trump that of the Portuguese, the latter of whom acted as an intermediary between the silver mines of Japan, and the luxury items in China to be purchased with that silver. Most of the silver entering China comes from what is now Mexico, Bolivia, and Peru in the New World.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656331#Date_unknown", "title": "1573", "revid": 1366656331, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1574, "year_label": "1574 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – Manila, Philippines gains cityhood.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368294863#April–June", "title": "1574", "revid": 1368294863, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1597, "year_label": "1597 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "12 million pesos of silver cross the Pacific. Although it is unknown just how much silver flowed from the Spanish base of Manila in the Philippines to the Ming Dynasty of China, it is known that the main port for the Mexican silver trade—Acapulco—shipped out 150,000 to 345,000 kg (4 to 9 million taels) of silver annually from this year to 1602.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801855#Date_unknown", "title": "1597", "revid": 1362801855, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1603, "year_label": "1603 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – On the Philippine island of Luzon, the Sangley Rebellion against Spanish rule ends with the massacre of 20,000 Sangley Chinese residents in Manila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656830#October–December", "title": "1603", "revid": 1366656830, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1606, "year_label": "1606 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 9", "text": "January 9 – The Black Nazarene, a statue, arrives in Manila from Mexico.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561009#January–March", "title": "1606", "revid": 1369561009, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1611, "year_label": "1611 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 28", "text": "April 28 – The Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario is established in Manila, the Philippines (later renamed Colegio de Santo Tomas, and later still the University of Santo Tomas).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1277342005#April–June", "title": "1611", "revid": 1277342005, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1662, "year_label": "1662 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – Rioting in the Chinese section of Manila breaks out in the wake of calls to kill non-Christian Chinese residents of the Philippines, and the Spanish Army fires cannons at the rioting crowd. An order follows for non-Christian Chinese Filipinos to leave Manila, and for Christian Filipinos to register with the government. Boats begin transporting the non-Christians back to China", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988036#April–June", "title": "1662", "revid": 1365988036, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1737, "year_label": "1737 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – In Manila, a peace treaty is signed between Spain's Governor-General of the Philippines, Fernándo Valdés y Tamon, and the Sultan Azim ud-Din I of Sulu, recognizing Azim's authority over the islands of the Sulu Archipelago.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367176390#January–March", "title": "1737", "revid": 1367176390, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1743, "year_label": "1743 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – Lord Anson captures the Philippine galleon Nuestra Señora de Covadonga and its treasure of 1,313,843 Spanish dollars at Manila along with a treasure of 2 1/2 million dollars, and proceeds back toward Mexico, then returns to Britain in 1744", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360887949#July–September", "title": "1743", "revid": 1360887949, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1743, "year_label": "1743 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 20", "text": "20 July – Lord Anson captures the Philippine galleon Nuestra Señora de Covadonga and its treasure of 1,313,843 Spanish dollars at Manila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369569595#July_to_December", "title": "1743 in Great Britain", "revid": 1369569595, "section": "Events › July to December"}}, {"year": 1749, "year_label": "1749 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – Sultan Azim ud-Din I, recently forced to flee to Manila after being driven from the throne of Sultanate of Sulu elsewhere in the Philippine Islands, announces his intention to convert from Sunni Islam to become baptized as a Christian within the Roman Catholic Church. He changes his name to Fernando after being baptized.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360727483#October–December", "title": "1749", "revid": 1360727483, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1762, "year_label": "1762 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24–October 6 – Battle of Manila: Troops of the British East India Company take Manila from the Spanish, leading to the British occupation of Manila and its being made an open port.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806393#July–September", "title": "1762", "revid": 1340806393, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1762, "year_label": "1762 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 24", "text": "24 September–6 October – Seven Years' War: Battle of Manila fought between Great Britain and Spain resulting in the British occupation of the Philippines until 1764. The British take Manila and make it an Open Port.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1276244439#Events", "title": "1762 in Great Britain", "revid": 1276244439, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1764, "year_label": "1764 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – Francisco Javier de la Torre arrives in Manila to become the new Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363539304#January–June", "title": "1764", "revid": 1363539304, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1895, "year_label": "1895 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Philippine Regional Exposition was held in Manila, wherein Governor-General Blanco declares a great future predestined for the Philippines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371897723#Events", "title": "1895 in the Philippines", "revid": 1371897723, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – After two months of production, Ang Kalayaan gets published, bearing a false masthead stating that the printing was done in Yokohama when it was in fact done in Lavezares Street, Binondo, Manila. Marcelo H. del Pilar was stated as the editor, but it was Emilio Jacinto who made the final changes before printing, writing under a penname. Dimas-Ilaw, Aguedo del Rosario, and Apolinario de la Cruz subsidised types free of charge but the publisher, Pio Valenzuela, had to secure more, paying a peso for each type sold by four workforces of the Diario de Manila who stole them from the paper's production press.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371898022#March", "title": "1898 in the Philippines", "revid": 1371898022, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – Andres Bonifacio and a few katipuneros meet with the captain of the Japanese cruiser, Kongo, visiting Manila, and the Japanese consul in Manila in a room above the Japanese bazaar on Plaza Moraga, to discuss the possible purchase of Japanese arms and to request Japanese arms and to request Japan's aid to their cause. A Christian Japanese, Jose Moritario Tagawa, married to a Filipina from Bocaue, Bulacan and a friend of Dr. Pio Valenzuela, acts as interpreter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371898022#May", "title": "1898 in the Philippines", "revid": 1371898022, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – Spanish–American War: Battle of Manila – By prior agreement, the Spanish commander surrenders the city of Manila in the Philippines to the United States, in order to keep it out of the hands of Filipino rebels, ending the war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367547011#August", "title": "1898", "revid": 1367547011, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – The first major battle of the Philippine–American War concludes with the capture by the U.S. of the San Juan River Bridge that connects Manila and San Juan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#February", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1900, "year_label": "1900 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – Gen. Artemio Ricarte and his companion are arrested by the civil guards in Manila following reports of his planned insurgency. Ricarte would be deported to Guam the following year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371898102#July", "title": "1900 in the Philippines", "revid": 1371898102, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – US Philippine Commission Act 183 is enacted, incorporating Manila as the country's first city; it would take effect on August 7.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315911143#July", "title": "1901 in the Philippines", "revid": 1315911143, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1907, "year_label": "1907 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 13", "text": "September 13 – Macario Sakay was executed in Manila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266142247#September", "title": "1907 in the Philippines", "revid": 1266142247, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1935, "year_label": "1935 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 – The flying boat China Clipper takes off from Alameda, California, United States, to deliver the first airmail cargo across the Pacific Ocean; on November 29 the aircraft reaches its final destination, Manila, and delivers over 110,000 pieces of mail.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370722923#November", "title": "1935", "revid": 1370722923, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1935, "year_label": "1935 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 – The China Clipper takes off from Alameda, California to deliver the first airmail cargo across the Pacific Ocean; the aircraft reaches its destination, Manila, and delivers over 110,000 pieces of mail.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364797431#October–December", "title": "1935 in the United States", "revid": 1364797431, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1938, "year_label": "1938 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – Pan Am flying boat Hawaii Clipper disappears with 6 passengers and 9 crew members, en route from Guam to Manila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818751#July", "title": "1938", "revid": 1368818751, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – Japanese Lt. General Masaharu Homma is executed outside Manila in the Philippines, for leading the Bataan Death March.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#April", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – The dissolution of the mainly general headquarters and military camp base of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary located in Manila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330510599#June", "title": "1946 in the Philippines", "revid": 1330510599, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – A Philippine Airlines C-47 with Daet–Manila flight route explodes in mid-air; all 13 persons on board are reported killed, with only a body later recovered, along with the plane's debris at Alabat Island. The explosion is later revealed being caused by a time bomb which has been planted by a couple. At least four suspects are arrested.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1335576519#April–June", "title": "1949 in the Philippines", "revid": 1335576519, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1950, "year_label": "1950 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – Combined forces of the Military Intelligence Service and the Manila Police Department launch 22 simultaneous raids, resulting to the capture of the entire Huk Politburo in the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358259305#October", "title": "1950 in the Philippines", "revid": 1358259305, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 1", "text": "1 May–9 May – The Asian Games take place in Manila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1327967877#May", "title": "1954 in the Philippines", "revid": 1327967877, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – The Asian Football Confederation (AFC) is formed in Manila, Philippines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#May", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 6", "text": "September 6 – The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) treaty is signed in Manila, Philippines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#September", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – A People's March is organized by the Movement for a Democratic Philippines, and the group marches from Welcome Rotonda in Quezon City to Post Office Building in Plaza Lawton, Manila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353897414#March", "title": "1970 in the Philippines", "revid": 1353897414, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 12", "text": "June 12 – Philippine fishing boat \"Baby Princess\" capsized in a violent storm 300 miles southwest of Manila, 22 persons were rescued, 22 others were devoured by sharks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353897414#June", "title": "1970 in the Philippines", "revid": 1353897414, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – Violent typhoon (Typhoon Patsy or Yoling) with winds of (more than) 125 mph raged through the heavily populated (Luzon) island, wrecking the harbor and airport facilities at Manila. Typhoon Patsy was one of the deadliest typhoons to strike the Philippines in its history. 611 people were killed (with 351 missing) on the island, and 135 people were killed at sea due to shipping failures. In Manila, 120 persons died, 60 others were missing, and more than 1,000 injured; property damage reached $80 million.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353897414#November", "title": "1970 in the Philippines", "revid": 1353897414, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1974, "year_label": "1974 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – Miss Universe 1974, the 23rd Miss Universe pageant, is held in Manila. Outgoing Miss Universe Margarita Moran, of the Philippines crowned the tearful pageant winner, Amparo Muñoz of Spain. It is the first time that pageant history is held in the Philippines and Southeast Asia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355339050#Entertainment_and_culture", "title": "1974 in the Philippines", "revid": 1355339050, "section": "Entertainment and culture"}}, {"year": 1975, "year_label": "1975 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "November 7", "text": "November 7 – President Ferdinand Marcos issues Presidential Decree 824 creating the Metropolitan Manila Commission (MMC). It integrates the city of Manila and adjacent Quezon City with the cities of Pasay and Caloocan and municipalities of Makati, Mandaluyong, San Juan, Las Piñas, Malabon, Navotas, Pasig, Pateros, Parañaque, Marikina, Muntinlupa, and Taguig from the province of Rizal and the municipality of Valenzuela from the province of Bulacan to form Metropolitan Manila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373254762#November", "title": "1975 in the Philippines", "revid": 1373254762, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1978, "year_label": "1978 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25 – Tropical Storms severely battered the northern Philippines and Manila, killing more than 50 persons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345121214#August", "title": "1978 in the Philippines", "revid": 1345121214, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1978, "year_label": "1978 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – A Philippine Air Force plane, carrying members of President Ferdinand E. Marcos' security staff and journalists, crash in Manila while trying to land in a thunderstorm. At least 32 persons are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345121214#September", "title": "1978 in the Philippines", "revid": 1345121214, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1978, "year_label": "1978 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 27", "text": "October 27 – Typhoon Rita pummels Manila with winds up to 94 miles per hour (150 kilometers per hour). At least 20 are killed and 70,000 left homeless in the floods that resulted.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345121214#October", "title": "1978 in the Philippines", "revid": 1345121214, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – Benigno Aquino Jr., Philippines opposition leader, is assassinated in Manila just as he returns from exile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366392977#August", "title": "1983", "revid": 1366392977, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1984, "year_label": "1984 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – Half a million people in Manila demonstrate against the regime of Ferdinand Marcos.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371242779#August", "title": "1984", "revid": 1371242779, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1984, "year_label": "1984 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 and 9 – Two separate hotel fires occur in Manila. The first breaks out at the Ambassador Hotel, a tourist hotel in Ermita, causing deaths of ten or eleven people. Eight days later, another engulfs a part of the Las Palmas Hotel, killing at least six, three of them foreigners.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364393795#November", "title": "1984 in the Philippines", "revid": 1364393795, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1984, "year_label": "1984 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – The Light Rail Transit in Manila begins service with the opening of its southern segment, as the first rapid transit service in Southeast Asia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371242779#December", "title": "1984", "revid": 1371242779, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – Interisland passenger ferry MV Doña Paz, travelling from Leyte to Manila and said to be overloaded, and oil tanker MT Vector collide at Tablas Strait off Mindoro Island, setting both on fire; 26 survived, death toll later estimated to be 4,386; considered the deadliest peacetime maritime disaster in history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353897509#December", "title": "1987 in the Philippines", "revid": 1353897509, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 4", "text": "May 4 – Josefa Edralin Marcos, mother of former Pres. Ferdinand Marcos, dies in Manila, aged 95. Her son's request to return to the Philippines for her funeral would be later denied twice.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340901587#May", "title": "1988 in the Philippines", "revid": 1340901587, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 11", "text": "May 11 – A Taiwanese businessman is abducted by an unidentified, newly-formed kidnap-for-ransom gang in Metro Manila. He is brought to Laguna and is released on May 17 after a ransom is paid in Hong Kong. Police later believes that the gang has international links and flees Manila thereafter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374018355#May", "title": "1993 in the Philippines", "revid": 1374018355, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – The Manila RTC, through a temporary restraining order, stops an order from Malacañang disallowing jai alai.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367390816#September", "title": "1994 in the Philippines", "revid": 1367390816, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 11", "text": "December 11 – A bomb, allegedly planted by Ramzi Yousef, explodes aboard Philippine Airlines Flight 434 bound for Tokyo, killing a Japanese businessman. The bombing, with another one at a movie theater in Manila on Dec. 1, is part of a test run for Project Bojinka.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367390816#December", "title": "1994 in the Philippines", "revid": 1367390816, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 10", "text": "January 10–15 – The World Youth Day 1995 festival is held in Manila, Philippines, culminating in 5 million people gathering for John Paul II's concluding mass in Quirino Grandstand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372467239#January", "title": "1995", "revid": 1372467239, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – Typhoon Xangsane passed Manila on its way to causing more than 300 deaths, mostly in the Philippines and Vietnam.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373069605#September", "title": "2006", "revid": 1373069605, "section": "Events › September"}}]}