{"slug": "manchu-people", "label": "Manchu people", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchu_people", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145665", "qid": "Q145665", "description": "East Asian ethnic group native to northeastern China (Manchuria)", "entries": 24, "years": 21, "span": [1610, 1912], "span_label": ["1610 CE", "1912 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Births", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Manchu", "Manchus"], "related": [{"slug": "qing-dynasty", "label": "Qing dynasty", "shared": 14}, {"slug": "ming-dynasty", "label": "Ming dynasty", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "wu-sangui", "label": "Wu Sangui", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "puyi", "label": "Puyi", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "korea", "label": "Korea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "joseon", "label": "Joseon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wanli-emperor", "label": "Wanli Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "shandong", "label": "Shandong", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "shunzhi-emperor", "label": "Shunzhi Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "chongzhen-emperor", "label": "Chongzhen Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "great-wall-of-china", "label": "Great Wall of China", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1610, "year_label": "1610 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Manchu tribal leader Nurhaci breaks his relations with the Ming dynasty of China, at this time under the aloof and growingly negligent Wanli Emperor; Nurhaci's line later becomes the emperors of the Qing dynasty, which overthrows the short-lived Shun dynasty in 1644, and the remnants of the Ming throne in 1662.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361322431#Date_unknown", "title": "1610", "revid": 1361322431, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1619, "year_label": "1619 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 18", "text": "April 18 – Battle of Sarhu: Manchu leader Nurhaci is victorious over the Ming forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369562130#April–June", "title": "1619", "revid": 1369562130, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1626, "year_label": "1626 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – Battle of Ningyuan: In Xingcheng in China, after an 8-day battle, Ming dynasty commander Yuan Chonghuan defeats the much larger force of Manchu leader Nurhaci, who dies soon after and is succeeded by Huang Taiji.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367580131#January–March", "title": "1626", "revid": 1367580131, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1627, "year_label": "1627 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – After the First Manchu invasion of Korea, the Joseon dynasty of Korea becomes a tributary state of the Manchus, but still pays respects to the Ming dynasty of China. After rejecting a Manchu alteration to the original diplomatic terms in 1636, the Manchus invade again in 1637.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371072250#January–March", "title": "1627", "revid": 1371072250, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1636, "year_label": "1636 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Manchus occupy the Liaoning region in north China, select Shenyang (Mukden) as their capital, and proclaim the new Qing dynasty (pure).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358525522#Date_unknown", "title": "1636", "revid": 1358525522, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Hong Taiji (known in the West as Abatai) begins a 60-day march of Manchu warriors southwards from the Great Wall through Ming Chinese provinces of Zhili and Shandong, before returning northward on January 27. (Two years later Beijing falls to rebels, the Chongzhen Emperor commits suicide, and the Shunzhi Emperor becomes the first Qing Emperor to rule over China proper.)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350256188#October–December", "title": "1642", "revid": 1350256188, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1644, "year_label": "1644 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – Ming general Wu Sangui forms an alliance with the invading Manchus and opens the gates of the Great Wall of China at Shanhaiguan Pass, letting the Manchus through towards the capital Beijing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560996#April–June", "title": "1644", "revid": 1369560996, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1644, "year_label": "1644 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – Battle of Shanhai Pass: The Manchu Qing dynasty and Wu Sangui gain a decisive victory over Li Zicheng's Shun dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560996#April–June", "title": "1644", "revid": 1369560996, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1645, "year_label": "1645 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 – Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues a queue order ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead, and braid the rest of their hair into a queue, identical to those of the Manchus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370309626#July–September", "title": "1645", "revid": 1370309626, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Soni (索尼; 1601–1667), or Sonin, a Manchu of the Hešeri clan who served as one of the Four Regents", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243748858#Deaths", "title": "1667 in China", "revid": 1243748858, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1668, "year_label": "1668 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Imperial Noble Consort Quehui (1668 – 24 April 1743), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Tunggiya clan, was a consort of the Kangxi Emperor", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243748907#Births", "title": "1668 in China", "revid": 1243748907, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1672, "year_label": "1672 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 — Yunzhi, Prince Zhi (1672 – 1735), also known as Yunzhi, formally known as Prince Zhi of the Second Rank between 1698 and 1708, a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243748926#Births", "title": "1672 in China", "revid": 1243748926, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1681, "year_label": "1681 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Empress Xiaojingxian (28 June 1681 – 29 October 1731), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Ula Nara clan, personal name Duoqimuli, was a consort of the Yongzheng Emperor. She was three years his junior.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243748965#Births", "title": "1681 in China", "revid": 1243748965, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1683, "year_label": "1683 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "November 28", "text": "28 November — Yun'e (1683–1741), born Yin'e, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty of China. He was a relatively unremarkable prince who was primarily known to be a crony of his older brother Yunsi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360945427#Births", "title": "1683 in China", "revid": 1360945427, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1686, "year_label": "1686 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Yinxiang, Prince Yi (16 November 1686 – 18 June 1730), was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. The thirteenth son of the Kangxi Emperor, he was made a qinwang (first-grade prince) during Yongzheng's reign and became one of his closest advisors. He died eight years into the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor and was memorialized with top honours, granted \"iron-cap\" status and became perpetually inheritable, one of the only twelve such princes in Qing dynasty history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243748998#Births", "title": "1686 in China", "revid": 1243748998, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1688, "year_label": "1688 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Tong of Fushun, originally Han Bannermen, begin reinventing themselves as Manchu", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243749007#Events", "title": "1688 in China", "revid": 1243749007, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1688, "year_label": "1688 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Yunti, Prince Xun (10 February 1688 – 16 February 1755), born Yinzhen and also known as Yinti before 1722, formally known as Prince Xun, was a Manchu prince and military general of the Qing dynasty", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243749007#Births", "title": "1688 in China", "revid": 1243749007, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1691, "year_label": "1691 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Khalkha submit to the Manchu invaders, bringing most of modern-day Mongolia under the rule of the Qing Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356137934#Date_unknown", "title": "1691", "revid": 1356137934, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1697, "year_label": "1697 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Manchus of the Qing dynasty conquer Outer Mongolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355431044#Date_unknown", "title": "1697", "revid": 1355431044, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "a massacre of at least 4,000 Muslims organized by a Qing Manchu official responsible for suppressing the revolt in the provincial capital of Kunming sparked a province-wide multi-ethnic insurgency.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243749204#Events", "title": "1856 in China", "revid": 1243749204, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1858, "year_label": "1858 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Treaty of Aigun, unequal treaty between the Russian Empire, and the empire of the Qing Dynasty that reversing the Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) by transferring the land between the Stanovoy Mountains and the Amur River from China (Qing Empire) to the Russian Empire establishing much of the modern border between the Russian Far East and Manchuria (the original homeland of the Manchu people and the Qing Dynasty), which is now known as Northeast China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311390586#Events", "title": "1858 in China", "revid": 1311390586, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1911, "year_label": "1911 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 — the government of Great Qing withdrew the military department and re-established the cabinet. Yikuang is the prime minister of the cabinet. The members are mainly Manchu, they are known as the Royal Cabinet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1271276106#May", "title": "1911 in China", "revid": 1271276106, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1912, "year_label": "1912 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – The Manchu Qing dynasty of China comes to an end after 268 years with the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor Puyi and the establishment of the Republic of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373503730#February", "title": "1912", "revid": 1373503730, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1912, "year_label": "1912 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – The Manchu Qing Dynasty of China comes to an end after 268 years, with the abdication of Emperor Puyi in favour of the Republic of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1282776787#February", "title": "1912 in China", "revid": 1282776787, "section": "Events › February"}}]}