{"slug": "manchester", "label": "Manchester", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18125", "qid": "Q18125", "description": "city in Greater Manchester, England", "entries": 35, "years": 30, "span": [79, 2017], "span_label": ["79 CE", "2017 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 6}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 5}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 5}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 4}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Manchester, England"], "related": [{"slug": "liberal-party-uk", "label": "Liberal Party (UK)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "frankfurt", "label": "Frankfurt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "queen-victoria", "label": "Queen Victoria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "irish-sea", "label": "Irish Sea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "north-sea", "label": "North Sea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "moravian-church", "label": "Moravian Church", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "birmingham", "label": "Birmingham", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lancashire", "label": "Lancashire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "islamic-state", "label": "Islamic State", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 79, "year_label": "79 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Mamucium (the first Manchester) is founded as a frontier fort and settlement in the North West of England, a distance to the north of Chester.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371506261#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 79", "revid": 1371506261, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 1715, "year_label": "1715 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 10", "text": "10 June – A Jacobite mob sacks Cross Street Chapel in Manchester, going on to destroy another at Monton.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275835745#Events", "title": "1715 in Great Britain", "revid": 1275835745, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1752, "year_label": "1752 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Foundation of what will become the Manchester Royal Infirmary as a cottage hospital in Garden Street, Manchester, by Charles White (surgeon).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275835177#Undated", "title": "1752 in Great Britain", "revid": 1275835177, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1761, "year_label": "1761 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – The first section of the Bridgewater Canal is opened, for the transportation of coal from local mines to Manchester.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369831762#July–September", "title": "1761", "revid": 1369831762, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1761, "year_label": "1761 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 17", "text": "17 July – James Brindley completes the Bridgewater Canal from Worsley to Manchester.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325432011#Events", "title": "1761 in Great Britain", "revid": 1325432011, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1785, "year_label": "1785 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 17", "text": "17 July – Fairfield Moravian Church is opened in Fairfield, Droylsden, Lancashire. With its surrounding settlement it has been founded by Benjamin La Trobe as a centre for evangelistic work for the Moravian Church in the Manchester area.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359405347#Events", "title": "1785 in Great Britain", "revid": 1359405347, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "April 13", "text": "13 April – Manchester Penny Post launched, the first such service in the English provinces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357879443#Events", "title": "1793 in Great Britain", "revid": 1357879443, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1798, "year_label": "1798 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Nathan Mayer Rothschild moves from Frankfurt in the Holy Roman Empire to England, settling up in business as a textile trader and financier in Manchester.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366050846#Date_unknown", "title": "1798", "revid": 1366050846, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "General Union of Spinners organises strike action to raise wages in the smaller cotton centres to the Manchester level.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374053914#Undated", "title": "1810 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1374053914, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 10", "text": "10 March – The Blanketeers set out to march from Manchester to London; on 11 March, 160 are arrested at Stockport.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363326613#Events", "title": "1817 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1363326613, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Besses o' th' Barn Brass Band is formed in Whitefield, near Manchester by this date.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373165947#Date_unknown", "title": "1818", "revid": 1373165947, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1819, "year_label": "1819 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – Peterloo Massacre: A yeomanry unit charges into a crowd of radical protesters in Manchester, England, resulting in 15 deaths and over 600 injuries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355822452#July–September", "title": "1819", "revid": 1355822452, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1819, "year_label": "1819 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 16", "text": "16 August – Peterloo Massacre in St. Peter's Field, Manchester: a cavalry charge into a crowd of radical protesters results in eleven deaths and over 400 injuries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1276595203#Events", "title": "1819 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1276595203, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1824, "year_label": "1824 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 7", "text": "April 7 – The Mechanics' Institution is established in Manchester, England at the Bridgewater Arms hotel, as part of a national movement for the education of working men. The institute is the precursor to two Universities in the city: the University of Manchester and the Metropolitan University of Manchester (MMU).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359333471#April–June", "title": "1824", "revid": 1359333471, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – The Anti-Corn Law League is founded in Manchester, England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360384794#January–March", "title": "1839", "revid": 1360384794, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1841, "year_label": "1841 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – Scottish surgeon James Braid first sees a demonstration of animal magnetism by Charles Lafontaine in Manchester, which leads to his study of the phenomenon that he (Braid) eventually calls hypnotism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360265400#October–December", "title": "1841", "revid": 1360265400, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The city of Manchester, England, reaches 400,000 inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365770371#Date_unknown", "title": "1850", "revid": 1365770371, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1853, "year_label": "1853 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – Manchester is granted city status in the United Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352708271#January–March", "title": "1853", "revid": 1352708271, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5 – October 17 – The Art Treasures of Great Britain exhibition is held in Manchester, one of the largest such displays of all time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366379985#April–June", "title": "1857", "revid": 1366379985, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 5", "text": "5 May–17 October – The Art Treasures of Great Britain exhibition is held in Manchester, one of the largest such displays of all time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352089590#Events", "title": "1857 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1352089590, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "June 2", "text": "June 2 – The first Trades Union Congress is held in Manchester, England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363668193#June", "title": "1868", "revid": 1363668193, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "June 2", "text": "2 June – the first Trades Union Congress is held in Manchester.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1309144088#Events", "title": "1868 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1309144088, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1869, "year_label": "1869 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "The Co-operative Central Board (later Co-operatives UK) is founded in Manchester, England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360511845#Date_unknown", "title": "1869", "revid": 1360511845, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1889, "year_label": "1889 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds is founded in Manchester (England), originally known as \"The Plumage League\" to campaign against the use of plumage in women's clothing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367594292#February", "title": "1889", "revid": 1367594292, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1892, "year_label": "1892 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 3", "text": "3 September – Three years after the formation of the Football League, a Second Division is created. Its twelve members are: Small Heath of Birmingham, Sheffield United, Darwen of Lancashire, Grimsby Town, Ardwick of Manchester, Burton Swifts of Staffordshire, Northwich Victoria of Cheshire, Bootle of Liverpool, Lincoln City, Crewe Alexandra, Burslem Port Vale of Staffordshire and Walsall Town Swifts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360725724#Events", "title": "1892 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1360725724, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1894, "year_label": "1894 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – The Manchester Ship Canal and Docks are officially opened by Queen Victoria, linking the previously landlocked industrial city of Manchester, in north-west England, to the Irish Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369810485#May", "title": "1894", "revid": 1369810485, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1904, "year_label": "1904 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 4", "text": "May 4 – Charles Rolls and Henry Royce meet for the first time, in Manchester England to agree production of Rolls-Royce motor cars; the first produced under their joint names are launched in December.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373337754#May", "title": "1904", "revid": 1373337754, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 13", "text": "October 13 – Annie Kenney and Christabel Pankhurst interrupt a Liberal Party (UK) rally at the Free Trade Hall in Manchester, England, and choose imprisonment when convicted, the first militant action of the suffragette campaign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#October", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 13", "text": "13 October – Annie Kenney and Christabel Pankhurst interrupt a Liberal Party rally at the Free Trade Hall in Manchester and choose imprisonment when convicted, the first militant action of the suffragette campaign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371935835#Events", "title": "1905 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1371935835, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – WWII: Fifty German V-1 flying bombs, air-launched from Heinkel He 111 bombers flying over the North Sea, target Manchester in England, killing 42 and injuring more than 100 in the Oldham area.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#December", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – Ten shoppers die in a fire at the Woolworths department store in Manchester city centre in the UK.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#May", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 – Strangeways Prison riot: The longest prison riot in Britain's history begins at Strangeways Prison in Manchester, and continues for 3 weeks and 3 days, until April 25.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#April", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1996, "year_label": "1996 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – In Manchester, UK, an IRA bomb injures over 200 people and devastates a large part of the city centre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371596794#June", "title": "1996", "revid": 1371596794, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2002, "year_label": "2002 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25–August 4 – The 2002 Commonwealth Games are held in Manchester, England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372652846#July", "title": "2002", "revid": 1372652846, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2017, "year_label": "2017 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – An ISIL terrorist bombing attack at an Ariana Grande concert in Manchester, England, kills 22 people and injures more than 500 others.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371948773#May", "title": "2017", "revid": 1371948773, "section": "Events › May"}}]}