{"slug": "mahatma-gandhi", "label": "Mahatma Gandhi", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1001", "qid": "Q1001", "description": "Indian independence activist (1869–1948)", "entries": 46, "years": 26, "span": [1869, 1949], "span_label": ["1869 CE", "1949 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 9}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 7}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 5}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 4}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Gandhi", "Mohandas Gandhi", "Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi"], "related": [{"slug": "mumbai", "label": "Mumbai", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "durban", "label": "Durban", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "cape-town", "label": "Cape Town", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kolkata", "label": "Kolkata", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mauritius", "label": "Mauritius", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "south-africa", "label": "South Africa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "delhi", "label": "Delhi", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "south-african-republic", "label": "South African Republic", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "presidencies-and-provinces-of-british-india", "label": "Presidencies and provinces of British India", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1869, "year_label": "1869 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "October 2", "text": "October 2 – Mahatma Gandhi, Indian political leader, Father of the Nation (d. 1948)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360511845#October–December", "title": "1869", "revid": 1360511845, "section": "Births › October–December"}}, {"year": 1888, "year_label": "1888 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – Mohandas Gandhi embarks on the SS Clyde from Bombay for London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679419#September", "title": "1888", "revid": 1372679419, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1891, "year_label": "1891 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 12", "text": "January 12 – Mahatma Gandhi passes the Bar examination in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269184736", "title": "1891 in South Africa", "revid": 1269184736, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – Mahatma Gandhi arrives in Durban.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269184757", "title": "1893 in South Africa", "revid": 1269184757, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – Gandhi arrives in South Africa, where he will live until 1914, lead non-violent protests on behalf of Indian immigrants in the South African Republic (Transvaal), and develop a deeper experience of such activities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369946190#May", "title": "1893", "revid": 1369946190, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1894, "year_label": "1894 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – The Natal Indian Congress is founded by Mahatma Gandhi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326928231", "title": "1894 in South Africa", "revid": 1326928231, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi embarks from Durban for Calcutta en route to Bombay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1271214977", "title": "1896 in South Africa", "revid": 1271214977, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi arrives back in Durban with his wife and two sons, but the ship is placed under a 5-day quarantine because Bombay was declared a plague-infected port. Quarantine will later be extended to 13 January 1897.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1271214977", "title": "1896 in South Africa", "revid": 1271214977, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October", "text": "Mahatma Gandhi embarks at Durban for Mauritius en route to Bombay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315450918", "title": "1901 in South Africa", "revid": 1315450918, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December", "text": "Mahatma Gandhi arrives in Durban from Bombay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1285888199", "title": "1902 in South Africa", "revid": 1285888199, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1903, "year_label": "1903 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "February", "text": "Mahatma Gandhi enrolls to the Bar of the Transvaal Supreme Court.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269184842", "title": "1903 in South Africa", "revid": 1269184842, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1906, "year_label": "1906 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – Mahatma Gandhi coins the term Satyagraha, to characterize the nonviolence movement in South Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373343237#September–October", "title": "1906", "revid": 1373343237, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1908, "year_label": "1908 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 30", "text": "January 30 – Mahatma Gandhi is released from prison by Jan Smuts after having been tried and sentenced to 2 months in prison earlier in the month.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326931245", "title": "1908 in South Africa", "revid": 1326931245, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1909, "year_label": "1909 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – Mahatma Gandhi is arrested at Volksrust for failure to produce a registration certificate and is sentenced to 3 months imprisonment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269184879", "title": "1909 in South Africa", "revid": 1269184879, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1913, "year_label": "1913 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – Mohandas Gandhi is arrested, while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373505613#November", "title": "1913", "revid": 1373505613, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1913, "year_label": "1913 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 6", "text": "6 November – Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362099157#Events", "title": "1913 in India", "revid": 1362099157, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 18", "text": "July 18 – Mahatma Gandhi leaves South Africa for the last time, sailing out of Cape Town for England, on board the S.S. Kinfauns Castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#July", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 18", "text": "July 18 – Mahatma Gandhi leaves South Africa for the last time, sailing out of Cape Town for England on board the SS Kinfauns Castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363057544", "title": "1914 in South Africa", "revid": 1363057544, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 19", "text": "December 19 – Mohandas Gandhi leaves England, sailing for India on this date (accompanied by his wife Kasturba). He begins to learn the Bengali language whilst on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#December", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1920, "year_label": "1920 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – Mahatma Gandhi launches the non-cooperation movement in India, with the goal of obtaining independence from British rule", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369258210#September", "title": "1920", "revid": 1369258210, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – Mahatma Gandhi is arrested in Bombay for sedition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#March", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – In British India, Mahatma Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for sedition (he serves only two).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#March", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 18", "text": "18 March – Mohandas Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for sedition. He would serve only two years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352790069#Events", "title": "1922 in India", "revid": 1352790069, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1924, "year_label": "1924 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February", "text": "February – Mohandas Gandhi is released prematurely on medical grounds.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352791037#Events", "title": "1924 in India", "revid": 1352791037, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1924, "year_label": "1924 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 17", "text": "17 September - 21 days long fasting by Mahatma Gandhi for Hindu - Muslim unity.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352791037#Events", "title": "1924 in India", "revid": 1352791037, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 2", "text": "March 2 – Mahatma Gandhi informs the British Viceroy of India that civil disobedience will begin the following week.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373315156#March", "title": "1930", "revid": 1373315156, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – Mahatma Gandhi sets off on a 200-mile march towards the sea with 78 followers to protest against the British monopoly on salt in India; more will join them during the Salt March that ends on April 5.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373315156#March", "title": "1930", "revid": 1373315156, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – In an act of civil disobedience, Mahatma Gandhi breaks the salt laws of British India by making salt by the sea at the end of the Salt March.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373315156#April", "title": "1930", "revid": 1373315156, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "April 6", "text": "6 April – In an act of civil disobedience, Mahatma Gandhi breaks British law after marching to the sea and taking salt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352789961#Events", "title": "1930 in India", "revid": 1352789961, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – Mohandas Gandhi is again released from imprisonment in India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310518#January", "title": "1931", "revid": 1371310518, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – The British viceroy of India and Mohandas Gandhi sign the Gandhi–Irwin Pact.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310518#March", "title": "1931", "revid": 1371310518, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – The Second Round Table Conference on the constitutional future of India opens in London; Mahatma Gandhi represents the Indian National Congress.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310518#September", "title": "1931", "revid": 1371310518, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370718676#January", "title": "1932", "revid": 1370718676, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "September 20", "text": "September 20 – Mahatma Gandhi begins a hunger strike in Poona prison, India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370718676#September", "title": "1932", "revid": 1370718676, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 20", "text": "20 September – Mohandas Gandhi begins a hunger strike in Poona prison.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352787768#Events", "title": "1932 in India", "revid": 1352787768, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1933, "year_label": "1933 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – Mohandas Gandhi begins a 3-week hunger strike because of the mistreatment of the lower castes in India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371108771#May", "title": "1933", "revid": 1371108771, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1933, "year_label": "1933 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "May 8", "text": "8 May – Mohandas Gandhi begins a 3-week hunger strike because of the mistreatment of the lower castes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338548765#Events", "title": "1933 in India", "revid": 1338548765, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1933, "year_label": "1933 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – Gandhi is sentenced to prison in India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371108771#July", "title": "1933", "revid": 1371108771, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1934, "year_label": "1934 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 25", "text": "25 February - Mahatma Gandhi visits Udupi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352787785#Events", "title": "1934 in India", "revid": 1352787785, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 9", "text": "August 9 – Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi is arrested in Bombay, by British forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#August", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10–March 3 – Mohandas Gandhi (under arrest by forces of the British Raj in Pune as a member of the Quit India Movement) keeps a hunger strike to protest his imprisonment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#February", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "February 10", "text": "10 February – 3 March – Mohandas Gandhi maintains a hunger strike to protest his imprisonment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292015629#Events", "title": "1943 in India", "revid": 1292015629, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1948, "year_label": "1948 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 12", "text": "January 12 – Mahatma Gandhi begins his fast-unto-death in Delhi, to stop communal violence during the Partition of India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371784888#January", "title": "1948", "revid": 1371784888, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1948, "year_label": "1948 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 30", "text": "January 30 – Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi: Indian pacifist and leader Mahatma Gandhi is shot by Nathuram Godse in New Delhi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371784888#January", "title": "1948", "revid": 1371784888, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1948, "year_label": "1948 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 30", "text": "January 30 – Mahatma Gandhi, Leader of Indian independence movement, (assassinated) (b. 1869)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371784888#January", "title": "1948", "revid": 1371784888, "section": "Deaths › January"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 – Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte are executed for assassinating Mahatma Gandhi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#November", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › November"}}]}