{"slug": "lyon", "label": "Lyon", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456", "qid": "Q456", "description": "city of France", "entries": 37, "years": 35, "span": [-42, 2021], "span_label": ["43 BCE", "2021 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 12}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Lyon, France"], "related": [{"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "lugdunum", "label": "Lugdunum", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "avignon", "label": "Avignon", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "septimania", "label": "Septimania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "gaul", "label": "Gaul", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "gundobad", "label": "Gundobad", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "septimius-severus", "label": "Septimius Severus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "eastern-orthodox-church", "label": "Eastern Orthodox Church", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-land", "label": "Holy Land", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nicene-creed", "label": "Nicene Creed", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "michael-viii-palaiologos", "label": "Michael VIII Palaiologos", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -42, "year_label": "43 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Lugdunum (modern-day Lyon) is founded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338224737#Gaul", "title": "43 BC", "revid": 1338224737, "section": "Events › By place › Gaul"}}, {"year": 64, "year_label": "64 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "Lyon sends a large sum of money to Rome to aid in the reconstruction. However, during the winter of AD 64–65, Lyon suffers a catastrophic fire itself, and Nero reciprocates by sending money to Lyon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339212432#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 64", "revid": 1339212432, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 87, "year_label": "87 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Lyon, a city in Gaul, has a population of over 100,000 citizens (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330323860#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 87", "revid": 1330323860, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 177, "year_label": "177 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Forty-eight Christians are martyred in Lyon (Saint Blandina and Pothinus, bishop of Lyon, are among them).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305288#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 177", "revid": 1371305288, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 187, "year_label": "187 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Septimius Severus marries Julia Domna (age 17), a Syrian princess, at Lugdunum (modern-day Lyon). She is the youngest daughter of high-priest Julius Bassianus – a descendant of the Royal House of Emesa. Her elder sister is Julia Maesa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371308954#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 187", "revid": 1371308954, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 197, "year_label": "197 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 19", "text": "February 19 – Battle of Lugdunum: Emperor Septimius Severus defeats the self-proclaimed emperor Clodius Albinus at Lugdunum (modern Lyon). Albinus commits suicide; legionaries sack the town.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371314350#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 197", "revid": 1371314350, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 280, "year_label": "280 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Roman usurper Proculus starts a rebellion at Lugdunum (Lyon, France), and proclaims himself emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367495474#Roman_Empire", "title": "280", "revid": 1367495474, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 380, "year_label": "380 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Eucherius, bishop of Lyon (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281452530#Births", "title": "380", "revid": 1281452530, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 383, "year_label": "383 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25 – Emperor Gratian, age 24, is assassinated at Lugdunum (modern-day Lyon), leaving a young widow Laeta. Pannonia and Africa maintain their allegiance to co-emperor Valentinian II, now 12, whose mother, Justina, rules in his name.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349205021#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 383", "revid": 1349205021, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 480, "year_label": "480 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Chilperic I dies and is succeeded by his nephew Gundobad, whose realm covers much of eastern Gaul and has two capitals, at Lyon and Geneva. He rules the Kingdom of Burgundy with his brothers Chilperic II, Gundomar and Godegisel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739995#Europe", "title": "480", "revid": 1364739995, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 502, "year_label": "502 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – King Gundobad issues a new legal code (Lex Burgundionum) at Lyon, that makes Gallo-Romans and Burgundians subject to the same laws (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748175#Europe", "title": "AD 502", "revid": 1364748175, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 714, "year_label": "714 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Tariq ibn Ziyad conquers the cities of Barcelona and Narbonne, where Visigothic nobles accept Umayyad overlordship, in return for autonomy in Septimania (Southern France). Muslims also raid Avignon and Lyon (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468088#Arabian_Empire", "title": "714", "revid": 1364468088, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 726, "year_label": "726 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Umayyad conquest of Gaul: Muslim raiders under Abdul Rahman al-Ghafiqi, current governor of Septimania, devastate Avignon, Viviers, Valence, Vienne and Lyon (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808661#Europe", "title": "726", "revid": 1340808661, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1170, "year_label": "1170 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Peter Waldo, a French merchant of Lyon, starts the popular religious movement of the \"Poor Men of Lyon\", or Waldenses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488642#Religion", "title": "1170", "revid": 1367488642, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1244, "year_label": "1244 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – Innocent IV flees to France and travels to Lyon, where he arrives on November 29. Although the city is nominally subject to the Holy Roman Empire, Innocent falls under the protection of Louis IX.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360513044#Religion", "title": "1244", "revid": 1360513044, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1245, "year_label": "1245 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – First Council of Lyon: In a general church council held at Lyon, Innocent IV declares Emperor Frederick II excommunicated and deposed. He proclaims the Seventh Crusade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355852673#Religion", "title": "1245", "revid": 1355852673, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1274, "year_label": "1274 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – Second Council of Lyon: Pope Gregory X convenes a council at Lyon, after Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos gives assurances that the Orthodox Church is prepared to reunite with Rome. The council agrees to a settlement between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church over several key issues – Orthodox acceptance of papal primacy and the acceptance of the Nicene Creed with the Filioque clause. Gregory approves a tithe to support efforts to liberate the Holy Land from Muslims, and reaches apparent resolution of the schism, which ultimately proves unsuccessful. All but four mendicant orders of friars are suppressed. Catholic teaching on Purgatory is defined for the first time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356688810#Europe", "title": "1274", "revid": 1356688810, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1325, "year_label": "1325 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – Led by Michael of Cesena, the Michaelites, a French branch of the Spiritual Franciscans who have been accused of heresy within the Roman Catholic Church in a disagreement over the issue of a vow of poverty, assemble at Lyon in France and agree to make peace with the Church and to make no further disrespectful references to Pope John XXII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366485647#April_–_June", "title": "1325", "revid": 1366485647, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1393, "year_label": "1393 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 - Philippe III de Thurey, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Lyon issues warrants approved by the Avignon Pope Clement VII to expel the officers of France's King Charles VI from Lyon, and drives the King's Sénéchal and deputies out of town.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561364#April_–_June", "title": "1393", "revid": 1369561364, "section": "April – June"}}, {"year": 1436, "year_label": "1436 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – King Charles VII of France arrives at Lyon to personally begin an inquiry into the rebellion that had lasted in the city for two months, ending on June 6, 1436. Ultimately, three rebels are executed and 120 others are permanently banished from Lyon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320639#October–December", "title": "1436", "revid": 1351320639, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1466, "year_label": "1466 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Louis XI introduces silk weaving to Lyon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340205441#Date_unknown", "title": "1466", "revid": 1340205441, "section": "Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1471, "year_label": "1471 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Date unknown – Symphorien Champier, doctor and writer from Lyon", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374041747#Births", "title": "1471 in France", "revid": 1374041747, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1510, "year_label": "1510 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June", "text": "June – The Ordinances of Lyon are issued by king Louis XII, which included a range of bureaucratic changes especially in regard to the papal authority in France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353736251#Events", "title": "1510 in France", "revid": 1353736251, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1536, "year_label": "1536 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 – The papal legation arrives in France, arriving at Lyon, to meet with King Francois I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494676#July–September", "title": "1536", "revid": 1366494676, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "11-12 June: Cinq-Mars conspiracy: Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars, personal favourite of the king, and Gaston, Duke of Orléans, the king's brother, plot against Cardinal Richelieu, the prime minister. Cinq-Mars attempts to get support for the rebellion from Philip IV of Spain but Richelieu's spy service catches him doing so and he is imprisoned and beheaded in the Place des Terreaux in Lyon for high treason along with another conspirator, François Auguste de Thou.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737170#Events", "title": "1642 in France", "revid": 1353737170, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1711, "year_label": "1711 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 11", "text": "October 11 – Panic kills 241 people in the stampede on the Guillottière bridge in France near Lyon. Revelers returning from a festival on the other side of the Rhône river are blocked by from crossing after a collision between a carriage and a cart. At least 25 fall off the bridge and into the river, while 216 are trampled by people behind them.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364260988#October–December", "title": "1711", "revid": 1364260988, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The last two volumes of Antoine Galland's Les mille et une nuits are published posthumously in Lyon of the first translation of One Thousand and One Nights into a European language, including the first translation of the story of Ali Baba", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353738077#Arts_and_culture", "title": "1717 in France", "revid": 1353738077, "section": "Arts and culture"}}, {"year": 1784, "year_label": "1784 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – Élisabeth Thible is the first woman to ascend in a hot-air balloon, at Lyon, France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567291#April–June", "title": "1784", "revid": 1370567291, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1796, "year_label": "1796 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – Case of the Lyons Mail: During the night, five highwaymen attack the mail between Paris and Lyon, kill the postmen and steal the funds sent to the armies in Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368676893#April–June", "title": "1796", "revid": 1368676893, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – Claudine Thévenet (known as Mary of St. Ignatius) founds the Roman Catholic order Religious of Jesus and Mary in Lyon, France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373165947#October–December", "title": "1818", "revid": 1373165947, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 5", "text": "5 October - Claudine Thévenet (known as Mary of St. Ignatius) founds the Roman Catholic order Religieuses de Jésus-Marie (\"Religious of Jesus And Mary\") in Lyon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336642956#Events", "title": "1818 in France", "revid": 1336642956, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 – First Canut Revolt: After a bloody battle with the military causing 600 deaths, rebellious silk workers seize Lyon, France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#October–December", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1–November 1 – The Exposition Internationale is held at Lyon, France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#May", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – TGV high-speed rail service between Paris and Lyon, France, begins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#September", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 11", "text": "May 11 – Klaus Barbie goes on trial in Lyon for war crimes committed during World War II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#May", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – A court in Lyon sentences former Gestapo boss Klaus Barbie to life imprisonment for crimes against humanity.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#July", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "January 13", "text": "January 13 – In Lyon, France, the first transplant of both arms and shoulders is performed on an Icelandic patient at the Édouard Herriot Hospital.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#January", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › January"}}]}