{"slug": "luzon", "label": "Luzon", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125384", "qid": "Q125384", "description": "largest island of the Philippines", "entries": 22, "years": 20, "span": [1175, 2022], "span_label": ["1175 CE", "2022 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 13}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Luzon Island", "Northern Luzon", "Southern Luzon"], "related": [{"slug": "philippines", "label": "Philippines", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "manila", "label": "Manila", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "miguel-lopez-de-legazpi", "label": "Miguel López de Legazpi", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "chinese-people", "label": "Chinese people", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "governor-general-of-the-philippines", "label": "Governor-General of the Philippines", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1175, "year_label": "1175 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Namayan Kingdom formed by a confederation of barangays, reaches its peak on Luzon (modern Philippines).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172106#Asia", "title": "1175", "revid": 1362172106, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1571, "year_label": "1571 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – On the island of Luzon in the Philippines, Miguel López de Legazpi of Spain establishes a Spanish fortress at Manila Bay and, after making a peace pact with the Crown Prince of Luzon, Rajah Sulayman declares Manila to be the administrative capital of the Spanish East Indies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369367955#April–June", "title": "1571", "revid": 1369367955, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1603, "year_label": "1603 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – On the Philippine island of Luzon, the Sangley Rebellion against Spanish rule ends with the massacre of 20,000 Sangley Chinese residents in Manila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656830#October–December", "title": "1603", "revid": 1366656830, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1615, "year_label": "1615 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – Los Baños, Laguna, is founded by Spanish colonists on Luzon island in the Philippines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365922608#July–September", "title": "1615", "revid": 1365922608, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1668, "year_label": "1668 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – Diego de Salcedo is overthrown from his position as the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines in a coup d'etat led by Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz. Salcedo and other members of his administration are jailed and then sent into exile from Luzon to the island of Panay, and his fortune is confiscated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989896#July–September", "title": "1668", "revid": 1365989896, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – U.S. President William McKinley rejects a peace proposal that would result in Spain ceding the island of Luzon to the U.S., in return for Spanish control of the other Philippine Islands. McKinley's message to his five-man negotiating team in Paris is that \"Cessation of Luzon alone, leaving the rest of the islands subject to Spanish rule, or to be the subject of future contention, cannot be justified on political, commercial, or humanitarian grounds. The cessation must be the whole archipelago or none.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367547011#October", "title": "1898", "revid": 1367547011, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1965, "year_label": "1965 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – Taal Volcano in Luzon, Philippines, erupts, killing hundreds.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368843670#September–October", "title": "1965", "revid": 1368843670, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – Violent typhoon (Typhoon Patsy or Yoling) with winds of (more than) 125 mph raged through the heavily populated (Luzon) island, wrecking the harbor and airport facilities at Manila. Typhoon Patsy was one of the deadliest typhoons to strike the Philippines in its history. 611 people were killed (with 351 missing) on the island, and 135 people were killed at sea due to shipping failures. In Manila, 120 persons died, 60 others were missing, and more than 1,000 injured; property damage reached $80 million.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353897414#November", "title": "1970 in the Philippines", "revid": 1353897414, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – A magnitude 7.0 earthquake that hit a southern Luzon area kills 14 and injures a hundred. It causes an estimated $2 million in damage; the municipalities of Lopez and Calauag in Quezon are the hardest hit.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357892533#March", "title": "1973 in the Philippines", "revid": 1357892533, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 15", "text": "October 15 – Typhoon Ruth crosses Luzon, Philippines, killing 27 people and causing $5 million in damage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373239256#October", "title": "1973", "revid": 1373239256, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1976, "year_label": "1976 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20–24 – Flooding in the wake of a typhoon kills 215 persons and left 60,000 homeless in Luzon Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373458506#May", "title": "1976 in the Philippines", "revid": 1373458506, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12–15 – Typhoon Bebeng, The monsoon spawns a tropical depression on July 12, east of the Philippines. It heads westward, strengthening to a tropical storm that night and a typhoon on the 13th. Vera makes landfall on the 14th as an 85 mph (137 km/h) typhoon in the Philippines, weakens over the islands, especially Luzon, and strengthens over the South China Sea to a 100 mph (160 km/h) typhoon. Damages amounting to a total of US$9 million in the Philippines. The typhoon leaves 45 people dead.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353897494#July", "title": "1983 in the Philippines", "revid": 1353897494, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – A power failure hits Metro Manila and most of Luzon at evening, which is purportedly caused by a malfunction at the Ambuklao hydroelectric plant in Benguet. Power in most areas of the capital is restored overnight, but remains disrupted in the rest of Luzon by early morning of the following day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359602453#August", "title": "1986 in the Philippines", "revid": 1359602453, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 – Typhoon Miding hits northern Luzon killing 36 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359602453#September", "title": "1986 in the Philippines", "revid": 1359602453, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – A major power failure, similar to that of August 1986, hits Metro Manila and most of Luzon for several hours at evening, purportedly caused by a transmission line failure.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353897509#April", "title": "1987 in the Philippines", "revid": 1353897509, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23–24 – Typhoon Unsang struck into Luzon resulted in a widespread flooding and landslides. The storm and flood brought scores of fatalities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340901587#October", "title": "1988 in the Philippines", "revid": 1340901587, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – An earthquake with a 7.8 M s strikes Luzon. It kills around 2,000 and leaves damages of at least ₱10-billion, mainly from Metro Manila and regions in northern and central Luzon, especially Baguio, the most devastated, as well as Dagupan and Cabanatuan. —\"1990 July 16 Ms7.8 Luzon Earthquake\" Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. —\"FAST FACTS: The 1990 Luzon earthquake\" Rappler. July 16, 2019. Publications: —\"The July 16, 1990 Luzon earthquake\" (PDF) United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. —\"Technical Report on Luzon Earthquake of July 16, 1990, Republic of the Philippines with Recommendation for Reconstruction and Development\" (PDF; incomplete) Published 1990. Desastres (CIDBIMENA; Honduras). —\"Liquefaction-induced damage, and geological and geophysical conditions during the 1990 Luzon earthquake\" (PDF) Published 1992. Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. —", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367186242#July", "title": "1990 in the Philippines", "revid": 1367186242, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March", "text": "Early March – The country begins to experience one of the worst post-war power crises, where blackouts, caused by power shortages, affects Metro Manila and southern Luzon and worsens by end of May; with the capital experiencing almost 60 blackouts since March 1.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373741711#March", "title": "1992 in the Philippines", "revid": 1373741711, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2–3 – The most destructive of the series of tropical cyclones, Super Typhoon Angela (Rosing) rampages across southern Luzon with strong winds; devastates half of the country's regions including Bicol Region, the hardest hit, as well as the mainland part of the Southern Tagalog Region, Metro Manila, and Bataan. Final data reports 936 deaths and ₱10.829-billion worth of damages. —\"Philippines -Typhoon Angela Information Report No. 4\" ReliefWeb. November 14, 1995.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370814975#November", "title": "1995 in the Philippines", "revid": 1370814975, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – A massive power outage affects most parts of Luzon including Metro Manila, caused by system failures in the transmission lines of the National Power Corporation in Pangasinan and Bulacan; electricity was fully restored 16 hours later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367985072#October", "title": "2000 in the Philippines", "revid": 1367985072, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – Fossil fragments found in the Callao Cave in the Philippines reveal the existence of a new species of human, the Homo luzonensis. The species is named after Luzon, where the fossils were discovered.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#April", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – A 7.0 earthquake strikes the island of Luzon in the Philippines killing 11 people and injuring over 600.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#July", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › July"}}]}