{"slug": "lutheranism", "label": "Lutheranism", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75809", "qid": "Q75809", "description": "form of Protestantism commonly associated with the teachings of Martin Luther", "entries": 23, "years": 20, "span": [1523, 1999], "span_label": ["1523 CE", "1999 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 14}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Lutheran", "Lutheran Church", "Lutherans"], "related": [{"slug": "schmalkaldic-league", "label": "Schmalkaldic League", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "reformation", "label": "Reformation", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iceland", "label": "Iceland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-v-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "martin-luther", "label": "Martin Luther", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-catholic-church", "label": "Roman Catholic Church", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "riksdag-of-the-estates", "label": "Riksdag of the Estates", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "vatican-city", "label": "Vatican City", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "denmark", "label": "Denmark", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "frederick-i-of-denmark", "label": "Frederick I of Denmark", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1523, "year_label": "1523 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos become the first Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake in Brussels at the Grote Markt. In response to the executions, Martin Luther composed a hymn called \"A New Song Be By Us Begun\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561167#July–September", "title": "1523", "revid": 1369561167, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1527, "year_label": "1527 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – The Protestant Reformation begins in Sweden. The Riksdag of the Estates in Västerås adopts Lutheranism as the state religion, in place of Roman Catholicism. This results in the confiscation of church property and dissolution of Catholic convents in accordance with the Reduction of Gustav I of Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366980186#April–June", "title": "1527", "revid": 1366980186, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1527, "year_label": "1527 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 20", "text": "August 20 – Diet of Odense (Denmark): King Frederick I declares religious tolerance for Lutherans, permits marriage of priests and forbids seeking papal pallium (approval) for royal appointments of Church officials.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366980186#July–September", "title": "1527", "revid": 1366980186, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1529, "year_label": "1529 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 8", "text": "April 8 – The Flensburg Disputation is held, a debate attended by Stadtholder Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (later King Christian III of Denmark), between Lutherans (led by Hermann Fast) and the more radical Anabaptists (led by Melchior Hoffman). Johannes Bugenhagen, a close associate of Martin Luther, presides. The Disputation marks the rejection of radical ideas by the Danish Reformation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362793946#April–June", "title": "1529", "revid": 1362793946, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1531, "year_label": "1531 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – Lutheran princes in the Holy Roman Empire form an alliance known as the Schmalkaldic League.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359939156#January–March", "title": "1531", "revid": 1359939156, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1535, "year_label": "1535 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The earliest (partially) preserved printed book in Estonian, a Catechism with a translation by Johann Koell from the Middle Low German Lutheran text of Simon Wanradt, is printed by Hans Lufft in Wittenberg, for use in Tallinn.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561145#Date_unknown", "title": "1535", "revid": 1369561145, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Lutheranism is forcibly introduced into Iceland, despite the opposition of Bishop Jón Arason.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#Undated", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – The inaugural declaration of the Protestant Reformation takes place in Leipzig (now part of Germany) with Martin Luther present, as Duke Henry IV pledges to adopt Lutheranism as the official religion of make the Duchy of Saxony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#April–June", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Iceland adopts the Lutheran faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#Date_unknown", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1545, "year_label": "1545 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "St. Anne's Church, Augsburg converts to Lutheranism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366653612#Undated", "title": "1545", "revid": 1366653612, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1547, "year_label": "1547 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 24", "text": "April 24 – Battle of Mühlberg: Emperor Charles V defeats the Lutheran forces of the Schmalkaldic League and takes John Frederick I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369359234#April–June", "title": "1547", "revid": 1369359234, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1555, "year_label": "1555 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – The Peace of Augsburg is signed between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League, establishing the principle Cuius regio, eius religio, that is, rulers within the Empire can choose the religion of their realm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561106#July–September", "title": "1555", "revid": 1369561106, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1577, "year_label": "1577 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – The Bergen Book, better known as the Solid Declaration of the Formula of Concord, one of the Lutheran confessional writings, is published. The earlier version, known as the Torgau Book (1576), had been condensed into an Epitome; both documents are part of the 1580 Book of Concord.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361323001#April–June", "title": "1577", "revid": 1361323001, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1580, "year_label": "1580 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – The Book of Concord, a collection of Lutheran confessional documents, is published.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369376205#April–June", "title": "1580", "revid": 1369376205, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1607, "year_label": "1607 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "A new Lutheran Church Ordinance is introduced in Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1280115424#Events", "title": "1607 in Norway", "revid": 1280115424, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1629, "year_label": "1629 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of Restitution, ordering all Catholic properties lost to Protestantism since 1552 to be restored. The Edict further provides that Catholics and Lutherans (but not Calvinists, Hussites or members of other sects) are to be allowed to practice their faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365103352#January–March", "title": "1629", "revid": 1365103352, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1629, "year_label": "1629 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 29", "text": "May 29 – Thirty Years' War: Prince Frederick of Denmark, the Lutheran administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, is expelled by the Catholic League as a result of the Edict of Restitution. He is replaced by the staunch catholic Francis of Wartenberg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365103352#April–June", "title": "1629", "revid": 1365103352, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1734, "year_label": "1734 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – Salzburgers, Lutherans who were expelled by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Salzburg, Austria, in October 1731, set sail for the British Colony of Georgia in America.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363450203#January–_March", "title": "1734", "revid": 1363450203, "section": "Events › January– March"}}, {"year": 1744, "year_label": "1744 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – At the age of 15, Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, the future Empress of Russia, is received into the Russian Orthodox Church after converting from the Lutheran faith. Upon her conversion to the Russian Orthodox religion, she is given the name Yekaterina (Catherine). In 1762, she takes the throne as the Empress Catherine II, later known as Catherine the Great.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370823870#April–June", "title": "1744", "revid": 1370823870, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1748, "year_label": "1748 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 26", "text": "August 26 – The first Lutheran Church body in America is founded at a conference in Philadelphia, organized by German-born evangelist Henry Muhlenberg and attended by pastors of orthodox and pious Lutheran communities. The two groups agree to create a common liturgy to govern public worship.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361284371#July–September", "title": "1748", "revid": 1361284371, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1836, "year_label": "1836 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "October 13", "text": "October 13 – Theodor Fliedner, a Lutheran minister, and Friederike, his wife, open the Deaconess Home and Hospital at Kaiserswerth, Germany, as an institute to train women in nursing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342504#October–December", "title": "1836", "revid": 1368342504, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – Sweden re-establishes diplomatic ties with the Vatican after a 450-year interruption. Sweden broke off relations in 1534 in keeping with the rise of Lutheranism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366392977#March", "title": "1983", "revid": 1366392977, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 31", "text": "October 31 – The Catholic Church and several Lutheran Church leaders sign the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, attempting to resolve a centuries-old doctrinal dispute over the nature of faith and salvation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#October", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › October"}}]}