{"slug": "lorraine", "label": "Lorraine", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorraine", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137", "qid": "Q1137", "description": "cultural region in France", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [843, 1870], "span_label": ["843 CE", "1870 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Lorraine (region)"], "related": [{"slug": "east-francia", "label": "East Francia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "germany", "label": "Germany", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "rhine", "label": "Rhine", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "louis-the-pious", "label": "Louis the Pious", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "louis-the-german", "label": "Louis the German", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lothair-i", "label": "Lothair I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "low-countries", "label": "Low Countries", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alsace", "label": "Alsace", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "carolingian-empire", "label": "Carolingian Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "march", "label": "March", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "king-of-italy", "label": "King of Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "regent", "label": "Regent", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 843, "year_label": "843 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – Treaty of Verdun: The Frankish Empire is divided into three kingdoms, between the three surviving sons of the late emperor Louis the Pious. King Louis the German receives the eastern portion (everything east of the River Rhine), called the Eastern Frankish Realm, which is the precursor to modern-day Germany. Emperor Lothair I receives the central portion (Low Countries, Alsace, Lorraine, Burgundy and the northern half of Italy), called the Central Frankish Realm. King Charles the Bald receives the western portion (everything west of the River Rhône), called the Western Frankish Realm, which later becomes France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941897#Europe", "title": "843", "revid": 1340941897, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 894, "year_label": "894 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March", "text": "March – Arnulf of Carinthia proceeds to Piacenza, and from there invades central Italy. After a successful campaign, he calls the invasion off and returns to Pavia – probably because Duke Rudolph I of Burgundy was threatening to invade Lorraine. Arnulf has himself proclaimed King of Italy at Pavia, leaving Berengar I as his vice-regent in Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130298#Europe", "title": "894", "revid": 1341130298, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 917, "year_label": "917 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Hungarians, after attacking Swabia, sack and burn Basel (modern Switzerland). They invade Lorraine in Lotharingia, destroying Verdun and Moyenmoutier, and many monasteries in Alsace. Duke Arnulf I (the Bad) with Hungarian military aid, reconquers his land from King Conrad I of the East Frankish Kingdom. After this event, Bavaria and Swabia agree to pay tribute to the Hungarians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468140#Europe", "title": "917", "revid": 1364468140, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 931, "year_label": "931 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Liutgard of Saxony, duchess consort of Lorraine (d. 953)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364917472#Births", "title": "931", "revid": 1364917472, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 938, "year_label": "938 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Beatrice of France, duchess regent of Upper Lorraine (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468181#Births", "title": "938", "revid": 1364468181, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 953, "year_label": "953 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 18", "text": "November 18 – Liutgard, duchess of Lorraine (b. 931)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512708#Deaths", "title": "953", "revid": 1341512708, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1735, "year_label": "1735 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3 – An agreement between the European powers brings a ceasefire in the War of the Polish Succession, one week short of the second anniversary of the war. With France and Spain on the side of the reigning monarch, Stanisław Leszczyński, and Prussia, Russia and Austria supporting Augustus III, a preliminary peace is signed that is ratified as the Treaty of Vienna (1738). By the terms of the treaty, Stanisław Leszczyński renounces his claim on the Polish throne and recognizes Augustus III, Duke of Saxony. As compensation he receives instead the duchies of Lorraine and Bar which are to pass to France upon his death.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365121192#October_–December", "title": "1735", "revid": 1365121192, "section": "Events › October –December"}}, {"year": 1870, "year_label": "1870 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 2", "text": "2 September – Belgian Red Cross despatches medical units to Lorraine in the wake of the Battle of Sedan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360504895", "title": "1870 in Belgium", "revid": 1360504895, "section": "Events › September"}}]}