{"slug": "lordship-of-ireland", "label": "Lordship of Ireland", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844250", "qid": "Q844250", "description": "1171–1542 English-ruled territory in Ireland", "entries": 21, "years": 20, "span": [1177, 1542], "span_label": ["1177 CE", "1542 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Lord of Ireland"], "related": [{"slug": "john-king-of-england", "label": "John, King of England", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "henry-viii", "label": "Henry VIII", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-ireland", "label": "Kingdom of Ireland", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "dublin", "label": "Dublin", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "parliament-of-ireland", "label": "Parliament of Ireland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edward-iii", "label": "Edward III", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "may", "label": "May", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "connacht", "label": "Connacht", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "leinster", "label": "Leinster", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "normans", "label": "Normans", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "henry-iii-of-england", "label": "Henry III of England", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1177, "year_label": "1177 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May", "text": "May – Council of Oxford: Prince John is made Lord of Ireland and speculative grants of the kingdoms of Cork and Limerick are made to Norman vassals. Royal administrators are also assigned to Leinster.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319110369#Events", "title": "1177 in Ireland", "revid": 1319110369, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1185, "year_label": "1185 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 25", "text": "25 April–December – John's first expedition to Ireland: King Henry II of England knights his son and heir, the 18-year-old Prince John, newly created Lord of Ireland, and sends him to Ireland, accompanied by 300 knights and a team of administrators to enforce English overlordship. Landing at Waterford, he treats the local Irish rulers with contempt, making fun of their unfashionable long beards. Also failing to make allies amongst the Anglo-Norman settlers, the English army is unable to subdue the Irish fighters in unfamiliar conditions and the expedition soon becomes a complete disaster, returning to England in defeat. Nonetheless, Henry gets John named 'King of Ireland' by Pope Urban III and procures a golden crown with peacock feathers. The expedition is accompanied and chronicled by Gerald of Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318602311#Events", "title": "1185 in Ireland", "revid": 1318602311, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1199, "year_label": "1199 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 6", "text": "6 April – on the death of his brother, Richard I of England, Prince John, Lord of Ireland, becomes King of England, thus bringing Ireland under the direct rule of the English Crown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325547511#Events", "title": "1199 in Ireland", "revid": 1325547511, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1213, "year_label": "1213 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Construction of Kilkenny Castle in Ireland is completed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170181#Events", "title": "1213", "revid": 1362170181, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1216, "year_label": "1216 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "18/19 October – death of John, King of England and Lord of Ireland; he is succeeded by his 9-year-old son Henry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247432775#Events", "title": "1216 in Ireland", "revid": 1247432775, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1249, "year_label": "1249 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – First Battle of Athenry: Gaelic forces of Connacht besiege Athenry Castle in County Galway in Ireland, but are repelled by the Normans under Jordan de Exeter, Sheriff of Connacht.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362150898#Europe", "title": "1249", "revid": 1362150898, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1270, "year_label": "1270 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The cathedral on the Rock of Cashel in Ireland is completed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362480805#Europe", "title": "1270", "revid": 1362480805, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1312, "year_label": "1312 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – Edward III, king of England and Ireland (d. 1377)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362487312#Births", "title": "1312", "revid": 1362487312, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1329, "year_label": "1329 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – Braganstown massacre, County Louth, Ireland: Over 160 are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344101347#January–December", "title": "1329", "revid": 1344101347, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1349, "year_label": "1349 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May", "text": "May – The Black Death ceases in Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373507442#January–December", "title": "1349", "revid": 1373507442, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1366, "year_label": "1366 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Statutes of Kilkenny are passed, aiming to curb the decline of the Hiberno-Norman Lordship of Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361982215#Date_unknown", "title": "1366", "revid": 1361982215, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1394, "year_label": "1394 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Ros-Mhic-Thriúin: Art Mór Mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King of Leinster, defeats forces of the Norman Lordship of Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315793309#Events", "title": "1394 in Ireland", "revid": 1315793309, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1399, "year_label": "1399 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Tragh-Bhaile: forces of the Norman Lordship of Ireland defeat those of Henry O Neill's sons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359948809#Events", "title": "1399 in Ireland", "revid": 1359948809, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1405, "year_label": "1405 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The first record is written of whiskey being consumed in Ireland, where it is distilled by Catholic monks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337543539#Date_unknown", "title": "1405", "revid": 1337543539, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1447, "year_label": "1447 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 9", "text": "9 December – Richard, Duke of York is appointed as the King's representative in Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353713890#Events", "title": "1447 in England", "revid": 1353713890, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1462, "year_label": "1462 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "War of the Roses – Battle of Piltown: The Yorkists defeat the Lancastrians, in the Lordship of Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359849875#Date_unknown", "title": "1462", "revid": 1359849875, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1516, "year_label": "1516 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – In his capacity as Lord of Ireland, Henry VIII opens the first of six assemblies of parliament during his reign of the Parliament of Ireland at Dublin. The parliament holds three sessions, ending on October 2, when it is dismissed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368315851#January–March", "title": "1516", "revid": 1368315851, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1531, "year_label": "1531 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Manus O'Donnell of Tyrconnell applies to the Lordship of Ireland for protection against the O'Neills of Tyrone.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247429442#Events", "title": "1531 in Ireland", "revid": 1247429442, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – by the Crown of Ireland Act, the Parliament of Ireland, meeting in Dublin, declares King Henry VIII of England and his heirs to be Kings of Ireland, replacing the Lordship of Ireland with the Kingdom of Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369352416#Events", "title": "1541 in Ireland", "revid": 1369352416, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1542, "year_label": "1542 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – The Parliament of Ireland passes the Crown of Ireland Act, which dissolves the title of Lord of Ireland and reestablishes it to the Kingdom of Ireland, with its last Lord, Henry VIII of England, becoming its first king.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947406#April–June", "title": "1542", "revid": 1359947406, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1542, "year_label": "1542 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – Crown of Ireland Act 1542 is enacted, ending the Lordship of Ireland and creating the Kingdom of Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367908561#Events", "title": "1542 in Ireland", "revid": 1367908561, "section": "Events"}}]}