{"slug": "lesser-poland", "label": "Lesser Poland", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Poland", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11390", "qid": "Q11390", "description": "historical region of Poland", "entries": 10, "years": 9, "span": [965, 1382], "span_label": ["965 CE", "1382 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "krakow", "label": "Kraków", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "greater-poland", "label": "Greater Poland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-poland", "label": "Kingdom of Poland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bolesaw-iii-wrymouth", "label": "Bolesław III Wrymouth", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mieszko-iii-of-poland", "label": "Mieszko III of Poland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-bohemia", "label": "Duchy of Bohemia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "prague", "label": "Prague", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kyiv", "label": "Kyiv", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "military-alliance", "label": "Military alliance", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mieszko-i", "label": "Mieszko I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lviv", "label": "Lviv", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "boleslaus-i-of-bohemia", "label": "Boleslaus I of Bohemia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 965, "year_label": "965 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Boleslaus I (the Cruel), duke of Bohemia, expands his territory into the Polish territories of Upper Silesia and Lesser Poland. By occupying the city of Kraków, he controls important trade routes from Prague to Kiev and Lviv. Prince Mieszko I of Poland makes an alliance with Boleslaus and marries his daughter Dobrawa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371364470#Europe", "title": "965", "revid": 1371364470, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1106, "year_label": "1106 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Bolesław III, duke of Poland, begins a civil war against his half-brother Zbigniew, for control over Lesser Poland and Silesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266175#Europe", "title": "1106", "revid": 1365266175, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1112, "year_label": "1112 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland has his half-brother Zbigniew blinded and thrown into a dungeon in Tyniec Abbey. Archbishop Martin I excommunicates Bolesław for committing this terrible crime.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268836#Europe", "title": "1112", "revid": 1365268836, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1173, "year_label": "1173 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – Bolesław IV the Curly, High Duke of Poland, dies after a 27-year reign. He is succeeded by his half-brother Mieszko III the Old, and as duke of Sandomierz in Lesser Poland by Casimir II the Just.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300112960#Europe", "title": "1173", "revid": 1300112960, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1194, "year_label": "1194 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Casimir II the Just, High Duke of Poland, organizes an expedition against the Baltic Yotvingians. The expedition ends with full success, and Casimir has a triumphant return in Kraków. On May 5, after a banquet, which is held to celebrate his return, Casimir dies unexpectedly (possibly poisoned). He is succeeded by his eldest surviving son Leszek the White, who has to face strong opposition from his uncle Mieszko III the Old.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292975381#Europe", "title": "1194", "revid": 1292975381, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1194, "year_label": "1194 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5 – Casimir II the Just, duke of Lesser Poland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292975381#Deaths", "title": "1194", "revid": 1292975381, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1264, "year_label": "1264 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – High Duke Bolesław V the Chaste promulgates legal protection for Jewish communities in Lesser Poland, including protection from kidnapping and forcible baptism of Jewish children.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334426011#Europe", "title": "1264", "revid": 1334426011, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1287, "year_label": "1287 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongol forces (some 30,000 men) under Talabuga Khan and Nogai Khan, attack Poland for the third time. The cities of Lublin, Sandomierz and Sieradz are devastated by the invaders. Nogai Khan besieges Kraków and launches an unsuccessful assault on the fortified city, suffering heavy casualties in the process.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694581#Europe", "title": "1287", "revid": 1361694581, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1300, "year_label": "1300 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – Wenceslaus II, King of Bohemia, of the Czech Přemyslid dynasty, is crowned King of Poland in a ceremony at Gniezno, near Poznań, after his Bohemian forces have seized Pomerania and Greater Poland (Wielkopolska). The 28-year-old Wenceslaus has ruled Lesser Poland (Małopolska) since 1291, and forced a number of Silesian princes to swear allegiance to him. Crowned as king, he reunites the Polish territories and during his reign introduces a number of laws and reforms, the most important being the creation of a new type of official known as a starosta (or \"Elder\"), who rules a small territory as the king's direct representative.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363832742#July_–_September", "title": "1300", "revid": 1363832742, "section": "July – September"}}, {"year": 1382, "year_label": "1382 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – The noblemen of Lesser Poland meet at Wiślica and, as with the November 25 decision of the nobles of Greater Poland, vote to invite Jadwiga of Hungary to be their ruler.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367364320#October–December", "title": "1382", "revid": 1367364320, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}