{"slug": "leo-iii-the-isaurian", "label": "Leo III the Isaurian", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31755", "qid": "Q31755", "description": "emperor of Byzantine Empire", "entries": 15, "years": 14, "span": [685, 741], "span_label": ["685 CE", "741 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "constantine-v", "label": "Constantine V", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-navy", "label": "Byzantine navy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "greek-fire", "label": "Greek fire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "khazars", "label": "Khazars", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "greece", "label": "Greece", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-iconoclasm", "label": "Byzantine Iconoclasm", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "caucasus", "label": "Caucasus", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 685, "year_label": "685 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Leo III, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d. 741)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749113#Births", "title": "685", "revid": 1364749113, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 710, "year_label": "710 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Byzantine general Leo (future emperor Leo III) recovers the Abkhazia (Caucasus) for the Byzantine Empire, from the Arabs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807117#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "710", "revid": 1340807117, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 717, "year_label": "717 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – Emperor Theodosios III is deposed after a reign of 1 year and 10 months. He is succeeded by the 32-year-old Leo III the Isaurian, a general (strategos) of the Anatolic Theme (modern Turkey). Theodosios and his son enter the clergy, and he probably becomes bishop of Ephesus. Leo brings an end to the Twenty Years' Anarchy in the Byzantine Empire, which marks the beginning of the so-called Isaurian Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808622#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "717", "revid": 1340808622, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 718, "year_label": "718 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – A Muslim supply fleet of 760 ships under Sufyan arrives from Egypt and North Africa, concealing itself along the Asiatic shore. The Byzantines learn of the fleet's location from defecting Christian Egyptian sailors. Emperor Leo III sends the Byzantine navy again; his Greek fire ships destroy the enemy vessels in the Sea of Marmara and seize their supplies on shore, denying the sieging army vital provisions. On land the Byzantine troops ambush an advancing Arab army, and destroy it in the hills around Sophon, south of Nicomedia (modern Turkey). The Arab besiegers are still suffering from hunger and pestilence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367661186#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "718", "revid": 1367661186, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 719, "year_label": "719 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ex-Emperor Anastasios II starts a revolt against Leo III with considerable support, including auxiliaries provided by Tervel, emperor (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire. His attack on Constantinople fails; Anastasios is captured and is put to death (by beheading), on the orders of Leo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367050525#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "719", "revid": 1367050525, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 720, "year_label": "720 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Leo III secures the Byzantine frontier, by inviting Slavic settlers into the depopulated districts of the Thracesian Theme (western Asia Minor). He undertakes a set of civil reforms, and reorganizes the theme structure in the Aegean region. Leo's 2-year-old son Constantine V is associated on the throne, and married to Tzitzak, daughter of the Khazar ruler (khagan) Bihar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349994139#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "720", "revid": 1349994139, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 722, "year_label": "722 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Leo III enforces the baptism of all Jews and Montanists in the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808641#Religion", "title": "722", "revid": 1340808641, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 726, "year_label": "726 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Leo III issues a series of edicts banning the veneration of images (726–729), and launching the iconoclastic controversies. Most of the clergy – particularly in Italy and Greece – are opposed to these edicts with uncompromising hostility, and in the western parts of the Byzantine Empire the people refuse to obey his religious reforms.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808661#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "726", "revid": 1340808661, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 727, "year_label": "727 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A revolt breaks out in Greece against the religious policies of Emperor Leo III (see 726). A rebel fleet under Agallianos Kontoskeles sets out for Constantinople with Kosmas, an anti-emperor, but is destroyed by the Byzantine fleet through the use of Greek fire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372352645#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "AD 727", "revid": 1372352645, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 730, "year_label": "730 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Tiberius Petasius proclaims himself emperor in Tuscia. Eutychius defeats him with the support of Pope Gregory II, and Tiberius is killed in Monterano, with his head sent to the Byzantine emperor Leo III as a gift.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808684#Europe", "title": "730", "revid": 1340808684, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 732, "year_label": "732 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine Emperor Leo III marries his 15 year old son Constantine to Tzitzak (later baptised as Irene), the daughter of the Khazar Khagan Bihar, as a sign of diplomatic unity between the Byzantine Empire and the Khazar Khaganate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808703#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "732", "revid": 1340808703, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 733, "year_label": "733 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Leo III confiscates the papal territories in Sicily and Calabria (Southern Italy), from which Pope Gregory III derives most of his income tax. He transfers ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the former Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum to Anastasius, patriarch of Constantinople. Gregory begins his support of a revolt in Italy against iconoclasm. By now the break between the papacy and the Byzantine Empire is almost complete.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809659#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "733", "revid": 1340809659, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 740, "year_label": "740 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Akroinon: Following the disastrous Battle of Sebastopolis (see 692), Emperor Leo III has largely confined himself to a defensive strategy, while the Umayyad armies regularly launch raids into Byzantine-held Anatolia. Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik assembles an expeditionary force (90,000 men) under his son Sulayman ibn Hisham. One of these armies, 20,000 men strong under Abdallah al-Battal, is defeated at Akroinon (modern-day Afyon) by the Byzantines, led by Leo and his son, the future emperor Constantine V. About 6,800 Muslim Arabs, however, resist and manage to conduct an orderly retreat to Synnada (Phrygia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352534655#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "740", "revid": 1352534655, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 741, "year_label": "741 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – Emperor Leo III (\"the Isaurian\") dies of dropsy at Constantinople, after a 24-year reign that has saved the Byzantine Empire and delivered Eastern Europe from the threat of an Arab conquest. He is succeeded by his son Constantine V.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322653390#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "741", "revid": 1322653390, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 741, "year_label": "741 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – Leo III, emperor of the Byzantine Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322653390#Deaths", "title": "741", "revid": 1322653390, "section": "Deaths"}}]}