{"slug": "kurds", "label": "Kurds", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurds", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12223", "qid": "Q12223", "description": "ethnic group in western Asia", "entries": 13, "years": 11, "span": [1142, 2001], "span_label": ["1142 CE", "2001 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Kurd", "Kurdish people"], "related": [{"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iraq", "label": "Iraq", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "patras", "label": "Patras", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cairo", "label": "Cairo", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "principality-of-antioch", "label": "Principality of Antioch", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mosul", "label": "Mosul", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "imad-al-din-zengi", "label": "Imad al-Din Zengi", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "saladin", "label": "Saladin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "upper-egypt", "label": "Upper Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "turkic-peoples", "label": "Turkic peoples", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ankara", "label": "Ankara", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1142, "year_label": "1142 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Imad al-Din Zengi, Seljuk governor (atabeg) of Mosul, continues his campaign against the Kurds in southeastern Anatolia (since 1141). Byzantine forces under John II fail to take Antioch.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362174122#Levant", "title": "1142", "revid": 1362174122, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1172, "year_label": "1172 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – The Nubians are engaged in a series of skirmishes along the frontier in Upper Egypt. A force of Kurdish troops under Turan-Shah, a brother of Saladin, attack the Nubians. He installs a garrison in Qasr Ibrim.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184481#Egypt", "title": "1172", "revid": 1369184481, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": 1800, "year_label": "1800 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – French general Jean-Baptiste Kléber is assassinated in Cairo by Syrian Kurdish Muslim student Suleiman al-Halabi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370325498#April–June", "title": "1800", "revid": 1370325498, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Kurdish leader Bedir Khan Beg launched an expedition against the Assyrians in the Hakkari region.Thousands of Assyrians were massacred during the campaign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366016136#Date_unknown", "title": "1843", "revid": 1366016136, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 12", "text": "August 12 – Turkish troops move into Persia to fight Kurdish insurgents.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373315156#August", "title": "1930", "revid": 1373315156, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – Iran crisis of 1946: Qazi Muhammad declares the independent people's Republic of Mahabad, at the Chahar Cheragh Square in the Kurdish city of Mahabad. He is the new president; Haji Baba Sheikh is the prime minister.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#January", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1947, "year_label": "1947 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – The leaders of the Kurdish People's Republic of Mahabad, the second Kurdish state in the history of Iran, are hanged at Chuwarchira Square in Mahabad, after the state has been overrun by the Iranian army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371901060#March", "title": "1947", "revid": 1371901060, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 14", "text": "July 14 – Groups of Kurdish and communist militias rebel in Kirkuk, Iraq against the central government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#July", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 14", "text": "July 14 – In Kirkuk, a rally to celebrate the first anniversary of the 1958 revolution degenerated into a three-day-long massacre of ethnic Turks by the Kurds. At least 30 people were killed, and over 100 injured. The event was ultimately referred to as the Kirkuk Massacre. On the same day, Iraq became the first Arab nation to appoint a woman to a ministerial post, with Dr. Naziha ad-Dulaimi becoming Minister of Rural Affairs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330597838#July", "title": "1959 in Iraq", "revid": 1330597838, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – Start of Anfal campaign, a genocidal counterinsurgency operation within the Iran–Iraq War carried out by Ba'athist Iraqi forces led by Ali Hassan al-Majid on the orders of President Saddam Hussein that will kill between 50,000 and 182,000 Kurds in Iraqi Kurdistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532411#February", "title": "1988", "revid": 1373532411, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – Across Europe, Kurdish protestors take over embassies and hold hostages after Turkey arrests one of their rebel leaders, Abdullah Öcalan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#February", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Öcalan is charged with treason in Ankara, Turkey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#February", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2001, "year_label": "2001 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – In Patras, Greece, while attempting to board a ship bound for Italy, more than 20 Iraqi Kurds clashed with 15 Afghans. Eight were injured and taken to a hospital for treatment. The rest were arrested by the authorities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351523885#January", "title": "2001 in Afghanistan", "revid": 1351523885, "section": "January"}}]}