{"slug": "knights-hospitaller", "label": "Knights Hospitaller", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187549", "qid": "Q187549", "description": "medieval and early modern Catholic military order (1099–1799)", "entries": 71, "years": 59, "span": [1040, 1773], "span_label": ["1040 CE", "1773 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 28}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 26}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 8}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Knights Hospitaler", "Knights Hospitallers", "Knights of Rhodes", "Knights of Saint John", "Knights of St. John", "Order of St. John of Jerusalem", "Order of the Knights of Saint John"], "related": [{"slug": "knights-templar", "label": "Knights Templar", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "lord-chancellor-of-ireland", "label": "Lord Chancellor of Ireland", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "rhodes", "label": "Rhodes", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "malta", "label": "Malta", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "acre-israel", "label": "Acre, Israel", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "republic-of-genoa", "label": "Republic of Genoa", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-cyprus", "label": "Kingdom of Cyprus", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-sicily", "label": "Kingdom of Sicily", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "papal-states", "label": "Papal States", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-naples", "label": "Kingdom of Naples", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "april", "label": "April", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1040, "year_label": "1040 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Blessed Gerard, founder of the Knights Hospitaller (d. 1120) (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365593173#Births", "title": "1040", "revid": 1365593173, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1113, "year_label": "1113 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (Knights Hospitaller), founded to protect pilgrims to the Holy Land, is formally recognized by the papal bull (proclamation) Pie Postulatio Voluntatis issued by Pope Paschal II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267067505#Levant", "title": "1113", "revid": 1267067505, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1120, "year_label": "1120 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 3", "text": "September 3 – Blessed Gerard, founder of the Knights Hospitaller", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1298169999#Deaths", "title": "1120", "revid": 1298169999, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1142, "year_label": "1142 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Raymond II, count of Tripoli, grants property in the county (such as the massive castle Krak des Chevaliers) to the Knights Hospitaller. After acquiring the site, they begin building new fortifications.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362174122#Levant", "title": "1142", "revid": 1362174122, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1157, "year_label": "1157 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Nur al-Din Zengi besieges the Knights Hospitaller in the crusader fortress of Banyas, routs a relief army led by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem, and takes Grand Master Bertrand de Blanquefort prisoner.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532578#Events", "title": "1157", "revid": 1366532578, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1177, "year_label": "1177 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Tyrell, Baron of Castleknock, granted lands at Kilmainham to the Priory of St. John of Jerusalem (Knights Hospitallers)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319110369#Events", "title": "1177 in Ireland", "revid": 1319110369, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1177, "year_label": "1177 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Roger de Moulins becomes Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1273054652#Date_unknown", "title": "1177", "revid": 1273054652, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1184, "year_label": "1184 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The first royal ordinance demanding that the Knights Templar and Hospitaller assist in the collection of taxes is promulgated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362173180#England", "title": "1184", "revid": 1362173180, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1187, "year_label": "1187 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29 – A delegation under Balian of Ibelin is sent to Tiberias, to reconcile with Raymond III, prince of Galilee. After Easter, a second delegation (supported by the Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller) is sent to Tripoli, but the situation remains unchanged.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187098#Levant", "title": "1187", "revid": 1369187098, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1188, "year_label": "1188 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – Saladin besieges the Hospitaller fortress of Krak des Chevaliers, in Syria. Seeing that the castle is too well defended, instead he decides to march on the Castle of Margat, which he also fails to capture.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325547787#Levant", "title": "1188", "revid": 1325547787, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25–26 – Richard I leads a fast-moving advance-guard and establishes a strong position at the fortress near Merle before Saladin arrives. He then hurries back to support the rearguard, to regain contact with the Crusader forces. Richard reorganizes his marching column. The elite Templar and Hospitaller knights hold the van and rearguard, while Richard and a central mass of knights are screened on their landward left side by dense ranks of well-armoured infantry, whose panoply makes them almost immune to Muslim missile attacks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#Third_Crusade", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Events › By place › Third Crusade"}}, {"year": 1192, "year_label": "1192 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 31", "text": "August 31 - Garnier de Nablus, 10th Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341214506#Deaths", "title": "1192", "revid": 1341214506, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1216, "year_label": "1216 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – Leo I, King of Armenia (\"the Magnificent\"), with support of the Knights Hospitaller, reconquers the Principality of Antioch. Armenian troops enter Antioch while Prince Bohemond IV of Antioch (\"the One-Eyed\") is absent. The Knights Templar, supporting Bohemond, abandon the citadel, and Raymond-Roupen is installed as Prince of Antioch by the Latin Patriarch, Peter II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371079230#Levant", "title": "1216", "revid": 1371079230, "section": "Events › By continent › Levant"}}, {"year": 1219, "year_label": "1219 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – The Crusaders surround Damietta, with the Italian forces to the north, Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller to the east – and King John I of Jerusalem with his French and Pisan troops to the south. The Frisians and German troops occupy the old camp across the Nile. A new wave of Crusader reinforcements from Cyprus arrive led by Walter III of Caesarea. Meanwhile, Al-Mu'azzam decides to dismantle the fortifications at Mount Tabor and other defensive positions, as well as Jerusalem itself, in order to deny their protection should the Crusaders prevail there. Some fanatics wish to destroy the Holy Sepulchre, but this is refused by Al-Mu'azzam.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345005371#Fifth_Crusade", "title": "1219", "revid": 1345005371, "section": "Events › By place › Fifth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1220, "year_label": "1220 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July", "text": "July – The Crusaders, led by the Knights Hospitaller, raid Burlus, located in the Nile Delta in Egypt. The town is pillaged, but the knights are ambushed on their return, and several Hospitallers, including Grand Master Guérin de Montaigu, are captured. Meanwhile, Sultan Al-Kamil sends an Egyptian squadron down the Rosetta branch of the Nile. It sails to Cyprus, where it finds a Crusader fleet lying off Limassol. During the attack, they sink and capture all the ships, taking many thousands of prisoners.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360552842#Fifth_Crusade", "title": "1220", "revid": 1360552842, "section": "Events › By place › Fifth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1228, "year_label": "1228 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Frederick II sails from Brindisi with an expeditionary force and arrives in Acre in the Middle East on September 7. He disembarks a well-trained and equipped Crusader army (some 10,000 men and 2,000 knights). After his arrival in Palestine, Frederick is again excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX, for setting out for the Crusade before he has obtained absolution from his previous ex-communication (see 1227). Many of the local nobility, the Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller deny him their support for the Crusade. Frederick can only rely on his own army and the Teutonic Knights, whose Grand Master, Hermann von Salza, is his friend.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360747311#Sixth_Crusade", "title": "1228", "revid": 1360747311, "section": "Events › By place › Sixth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1229, "year_label": "1229 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – Frederick II crowns himself as King of Jerusalem in an impromptu ceremony in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. After the ceremony, he proceeds to the palace of the Hospitallers – where he holds a council to discuss the defense of Jerusalem. Frederick orders the Tower of David and the Gate of St. Stephen are to be repaired at once and he hands over the royal residence attached to the Tower of David to the Teutonic Order.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488290#Sixth_Crusade", "title": "1229", "revid": 1367488290, "section": "Events › By place › Sixth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1236, "year_label": "1236 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Pope Gregory IX condemns the links that both the Knights Templer and Knights Hospitaller have with the Assassin fighters in the Middle East. He issues a bull (a formal papal proclamation) preventing further contact with the Assassins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428601#Religion", "title": "1236", "revid": 1361428601, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1247, "year_label": "1247 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – King Béla IV grants territories to the Knights Hospitaller in the Banate of Severin and Hungarian Cumania (according to a document called the Diploma of the Joannites), makes an early mention of Litovoi and other Vlach/Romanian local rulers, in Wallachia and Transylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362480331#Europe", "title": "1247", "revid": 1362480331, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1256, "year_label": "1256 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "War of Saint Sabas: A dispute between Venice and Genoa arises about concerning land in Acre owned by Mar Saba but claimed by both Venice and Genoa – which leads to a Genoese attack of the monastery in the Venetian quarter. The Venetians are supported by Pisa and the Knights Templar, while the Genoese are joined by the Knights Hospitaller.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350995211#Levant", "title": "1256", "revid": 1350995211, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1258, "year_label": "1258 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Battle of Acre: The Genoese send an armada (some 50 galleys) to relieve the blockade at Acre and ask for the assistance of Philip of Montfort, lord of Tyre, and the Knights Hospitaller for a combined attack from the land side. The Genoese fleet's arrival takes the Venetians by surprise but the superior experience and seamanship result in a crushing Venetian victory, with half the Genoese ships lost. Later, the Genoese garrison is forced to abandon Acre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318120479#Levant", "title": "1258", "revid": 1318120479, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1271, "year_label": "1271 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 8", "text": "April 8 – Siege of Krak des Chevaliers: Mamluk forces under Baibars capture the strategically important castle Krak des Chevaliers from the Knights Hospitaller. During the siege the defenders receive a letter, supposedly from Grand Master Hugues de Revel, to surrender the castle. Under safe-conduct the Hospitallers retreat to Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320596#Levant", "title": "1271", "revid": 1351320596, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1285, "year_label": "1285 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – Mamluk forces under Sultan Qalawun (the Victorious) appear with specially built war engines before the Crusader fortress of Margat and begin a siege. For a month, the Mamluks can make no progress and the assaults on the stronghold are repelled. Qalawun then invites a delegation of Knights Hospitaller to come and see the damage his engineers have done to the 'impregnable' fortifications. They understood they have no real choice and are forced to surrender on May 25. The Hospitallers are allowed to retire with all their possessions, on horseback and fully armed. The rest of the garrison is promised a safe-conduct to Tortosa – while Qalawun establishes a Mamluk garrison which he uses as a basis for further campaigns against the Crusader States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359686470#Levant", "title": "1285", "revid": 1359686470, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1288, "year_label": "1288 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Genoa orders Admiral Benedetto Zaccaria to send five galleys to support Genoese suzerainty of Tripoli. Princess Lucia, sister of the late Count Bohemond VII, arrives in Acre, where the Knights Hospitaller escort her to the frontier with Tripoli. The commune refuses to accept her as new ruler and places the city under Genoese protection. After negotiations, Lucia offers to confirm Genoa's existing commercial privileges in Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367964096#Levant", "title": "1288", "revid": 1367964096, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1299, "year_label": "1299 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December", "text": "December – Mongol forces (some 10,000 men) led by Ghazan Khan cross the Euphrates River and invade Syria. They continue south, and successfully take Aleppo. There, Ghazan is joined by forces from his vassal state of Cilician Armenia. King Hethum II leads the Armenian army (which includes Templar and Hospitaller knights). He participates during the Mongol offensive and regains all the Armenian territories which have previously been lost to the Mamluks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349939019#Levant", "title": "1299", "revid": 1349939019, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1306, "year_label": "1306 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 23", "text": "June 23 – The Knights Hospitaller, led by Grand Master Foulques de Villaret, land with 600 men on the island of Rhodes, one of the Dodecanese Islands off of the coast of Byzantium, and begin a four-year long war to capture the fortified city of Rhodes (which will not fall until August 15, 1310).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354973149#April_–_June", "title": "1306", "revid": 1354973149, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1306, "year_label": "1306 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 20", "text": "September 20 – The Knights Hospitaller, besieging on the island of Rhodes, capture the Feraklos Castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354973149#July_–_September", "title": "1306", "revid": 1354973149, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1307, "year_label": "1307 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Januli I da Corogna seizes the Aegean Island of Sifnos and becomes an autonomous lord, by renouncing his allegiance to the Knights Hospitaller.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332007828#Europe", "title": "1307", "revid": 1332007828, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1307, "year_label": "1307 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – Pope Clement V issues a papal bull confirming that the island of Rhodes, now one of the Dodecanese islands of Greece, will be the property of the Knights Hospitaller.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332007828#July_–_September", "title": "1307", "revid": 1332007828, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1309, "year_label": "1309 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Conquest of Rhodes: The Byzantine garrison of the city of Rhodes surrenders to the Crusader forces of the Knights Hospitaller under Grand Master Foulques de Villaret – completing their conquest of Rhodes. The knights establish their headquarters on the island and rename themselves as the Knights of Rhodes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359759809#July_–_September", "title": "1309", "revid": 1359759809, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1312, "year_label": "1312 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 – Pope Clement V, under pressure from King Philip IV of France, officially disbands the Order of the Knights Templar at the Council of Vienne, issuing the bull Vox in excelso. The Order's property and monetary assets are given to a rival order, the Knights Hospitaller. Meanwhile, Jacques de Molay, last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is held in prison in Paris, where he is forced to commit false confessions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362487312#January_–_March", "title": "1312", "revid": 1362487312, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1319, "year_label": "1319 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – Battle of Chios: A Knights Hospitaller-Genoese fleet (some 30 ships) led by Albert of Schwarzburg defeats a Turkish fleet, off Chios.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361361432#July_–_September", "title": "1319", "revid": 1361361432, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1320, "year_label": "1320 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Rhodes: The Knights Hospitaller defeat an attempt by the Turks of Menteshe to capture Rhodes. During the battle, a Turkish invasion fleet (some 80 ships) is destroyed by a smaller Hospitaller-Genoese fleet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353685641#Date_unknown", "title": "1320", "revid": 1353685641, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1320, "year_label": "1320 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – Pope John XXII grants a mandate to the Archbishop of York, William Melton, to order restitution of confiscated Knights Templar property in England to the Knights Hospitaller.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353685641#January_–_March", "title": "1320", "revid": 1353685641, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1321, "year_label": "1321 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Roger Utlagh, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Kilmainham appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1264641483#Events", "title": "1321 in Ireland", "revid": 1264641483, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1343, "year_label": "1343 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "John L'Archers, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323560756#Events", "title": "1343 in Ireland", "revid": 1323560756, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1343, "year_label": "1343 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 31", "text": "August 31 – A naval league is formed between the Pope, the Republic of Venice, the Knights Hospitaller and the Kingdom of Cyprus, to prepare the Smyrniote Crusades.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303137540#January–December", "title": "1343", "revid": 1303137540, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1347, "year_label": "1347 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April", "text": "April – The Knights Hospitaller defeat a Turkish fleet, and sink 100 ships off Imbros.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1289406739#January–December", "title": "1347", "revid": 1289406739, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1357, "year_label": "1357 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "John Frowyk, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318283657#Events", "title": "1357 in Ireland", "revid": 1318283657, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1359, "year_label": "1359 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Thomas de Burley, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1264638068#Events", "title": "1359 in Ireland", "revid": 1264638068, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1365, "year_label": "1365 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "October – Alexandrian Crusade: The city of Alexandria in Egypt is sacked by an allied force of Peter I of Cyprus and the knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339848684#January–December", "title": "1365", "revid": 1339848684, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1368, "year_label": "1368 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Thomas de Burley, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367735311#Events", "title": "1368 in Ireland", "revid": 1367735311, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1374, "year_label": "1374 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Robert de Juilly succeeds Raymond Berenger as Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369753981#Date_unknown", "title": "1374", "revid": 1369753981, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1374, "year_label": "1374 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "William Tany, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367735530#Events", "title": "1374 in Ireland", "revid": 1367735530, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1382, "year_label": "1382 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "William Tany, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367535868#Events", "title": "1382 in Ireland", "revid": 1367535868, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1396, "year_label": "1396 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 12", "text": "September 12 – The Crusaders, with more than 17,000 troops from France, Hungary, the Knights Hospitaler, Wallachia and the Holy Roman Empire , arrive at the outskirts of Nicopolis (now Nikopol in Bulgaria).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360576293#July–September", "title": "1396", "revid": 1360576293, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1402, "year_label": "1402 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 2", "text": "December 2 – (6 Jumada al-Awwal 805 A.H.) With 4,000 troops, Tamerlane, Amir of the Timurid Empire covering much of what is now Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan begins the Siege of Smyrna (now Izmir in Turkey). Smyrna is captured after two days of attacks on its outer walls. After the Christian Knights of Saint John, who are ruling Smyrna, refuse to convert to Islam or pay tribute, Timur has the entire Christian population massacred. The Knights subsequently begin building Bodrum Castle in Bodrum, to defend against future attacks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371594109#October–December", "title": "1402", "revid": 1371594109, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1444, "year_label": "1444 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Forces of the Sultan of Egypt fail to take Rhodes from the Knights of Rhodes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359067554#Date_unknown", "title": "1444", "revid": 1359067554, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1480, "year_label": "1480 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ballyhack Castle built by the Knights Hospitallers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361666218#Events", "title": "1480 in Ireland", "revid": 1361666218, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1480, "year_label": "1480 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – Mehmed II fails in his attempt to capture Rhodes from the Knights of Rhodes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370179650#July–September", "title": "1480", "revid": 1370179650, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1495, "year_label": "1495 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 28", "text": "January 28 – Prince Cem Sultan, brother of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II, imprisoned since 1482 after being captured by the Knights Hospitaller, and held captive in Rome since 1489, is released from to French custody by Pope Alexander VI at the request of King Charles of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256979#January–March", "title": "1495", "revid": 1365256979, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1512, "year_label": "1512 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – Emery d'Amboise, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1434)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353736260#Deaths", "title": "1512 in France", "revid": 1353736260, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1520, "year_label": "1520 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – The French warrior René of Savoy departs from Marseille on his flagship, Sainte Marie de Bonaventure on a four-month mission to protect the Knights Hospitaller against an attack by the Ottoman Turks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307705#July–September", "title": "1520", "revid": 1367307705, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1522, "year_label": "1522 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I begins his siege to expel the Knights of St. John in Rhodes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372799978#July–September", "title": "1522", "revid": 1372799978, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1522, "year_label": "1522 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – Suleiman the Magnificent accepts the surrender of the surviving Knights in Rhodes, who are allowed to evacuate. They eventually re-settle on Malta, and become known as the Knights of Malta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372799978#October–December", "title": "1522", "revid": 1372799978, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1527, "year_label": "1527 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "John Rawson, 1st and only Viscount Clontarf, is appointed commander of the light infantry of Order of St. John of Jerusalem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359933981#Events", "title": "1527 in Ireland", "revid": 1359933981, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1530, "year_label": "1530 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 23", "text": "March 23 – The Tribute of the Maltese Falcon, an agreement by the Grand Master of the Order of St John of Jerusalem to pay an annual tribute to the Charles V, King of Sicily, in return for an order granting the Knights full rulership of Tripoli and the islands of Malta and Gozo, is reached. The transfer of ownership takes place on October 26, 1550, although Tripoli is conquered by the Ottomans on August 15, 1551.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794362#January–March", "title": "1530", "revid": 1366794362, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1530, "year_label": "1530 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – The Knights of Malta are formed, when the Knights Hospitaller are given Malta by Charles V. They transfer the island capital from Mdina to Birgu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794362#October–December", "title": "1530", "revid": 1366794362, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1534, "year_label": "1534 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, 44th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1464)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558671#Deaths", "title": "1534", "revid": 1369558671, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1534, "year_label": "1534 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 26", "text": "August 26 – Piero de Ponte becomes the 45th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558671#July–September", "title": "1534", "revid": 1369558671, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1538, "year_label": "1538 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 8", "text": "February 8 – The Holy League, an alliance of Christian nations (the Papal States and the Republic of Venice, the Knights Hospitaller of Malta, Spain and the Spanish-ruled Viceroyalty of Naples and Sicily), is agreed upon under the direction of Pope Paul III and Venetian Senator Alvise Badoer.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561127#January–March", "title": "1538", "revid": 1369561127, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1565, "year_label": "1565 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – The Knights of Malta lift the Great Siege of Malta after four months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323811827#July–September", "title": "1565", "revid": 1323811827, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1568, "year_label": "1568 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – Jean Parisot de Valette, 49th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1495)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362476556#Deaths", "title": "1568", "revid": 1362476556, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1571, "year_label": "1571 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – The Order of the Knights of Saint John transfers the capital of Malta, from Birgu to Valletta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369367955#January–March", "title": "1571", "revid": 1369367955, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1571, "year_label": "1571 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – The Holy League is established as an alliance of the Papal States, the Republic of Venice, the Republic of Genoa, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy of Savoy, the Duchy of Urbino, the Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily under the rule of the Spanish Empire and the Knights of Malta for mutual defense against attacks by the Ottoman Empire on ships in the Mediterranean Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369367955#April–June", "title": "1571", "revid": 1369367955, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1581, "year_label": "1581 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – The Knights Hospitaller depose Jean de la Cassière as Grandmaster and appoint Mathurin Romegas in his place.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478489#July–September", "title": "1581", "revid": 1362478489, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1581, "year_label": "1581 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Jean de la Cassière is restored as Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller, by Pope Gregory XIII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478489#October–December", "title": "1581", "revid": 1362478489, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1614, "year_label": "1614 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Raid of Żejtun: Ottoman forces make a final attempt to conquer the island of Malta, but are beaten back by the Knights Hospitaller.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372816433#July–September", "title": "1614", "revid": 1372816433, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1720, "year_label": "1720 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 10", "text": "January 10 – Ramon Perellos, Spanish 64th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1637)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358044251#Deaths", "title": "1720", "revid": 1358044251, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1736, "year_label": "1736 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 10", "text": "December 10 – António Manoel de Vilhena, Portuguese 66th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1663)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360559528#Deaths", "title": "1736", "revid": 1360559528, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Manuel Pinto da Fonseca, 68th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1681)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365114710#Deaths", "title": "1773", "revid": 1365114710, "section": "Deaths"}}]}