{"slug": "kingdom-of-prussia", "label": "Kingdom of Prussia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27306", "qid": "Q27306", "description": "former European state (1701–1918), part of the German Empire after 1871", "entries": 43, "years": 30, "span": [1701, 1866], "span_label": ["1701 CE", "1866 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 20}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 16}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "russian-empire", "label": "Russian Empire", "shared": 12}, {"slug": "habsburg-monarchy", "label": "Habsburg monarchy", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "austrian-empire", "label": "Austrian Empire", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "polishlithuanian-commonwealth", "label": "Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "seven-years-war", "label": "Seven Years' War", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "dutch-republic", "label": "Dutch Republic", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "old-style-and-new-style-dates", "label": "Old Style and New Style dates", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-ireland", "label": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "frederick-the-great", "label": "Frederick the Great", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "war-of-the-austrian-succession", "label": "War of the Austrian Succession", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1701, "year_label": "1701 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – The electorate of Brandenburg–Prussia becomes the Kingdom of Prussia, as Elector Frederick III is proclaimed King Frederick I. Prussia remains part of the Holy Roman Empire. It consists of Brandenburg, Pomerania and East Prussia. Berlin is the capital.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366683505#January–June", "title": "1701", "revid": 1366683505, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1709, "year_label": "1709 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 31", "text": "31 August (11 September NS) – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Malplaquet – troops of the Dutch Republic, Habsburg monarchy, Great Britain and the Kingdom of Prussia led by the Duke of Marlborough drive the French from the field but suffer twice as many casualties. The song \"For He's a Jolly Good Fellow\" is based on the French song \"Marlbrough s'en va-t-en guerre\" composed following this battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331109158#Events", "title": "1709 in Great Britain", "revid": 1331109158, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1709, "year_label": "1709 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 (August 31 Old Style) – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Malplaquet – Troops of the Dutch Republic, Habsburg monarchy, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Prussia, led by the Duke of Marlborough, drive the French from the field, but suffer twice as many casualties.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361817608#July–December", "title": "1709", "revid": 1361817608, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1710, "year_label": "1710 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – In Prussia, Cölln is merged with Alt-Berlin by Frederick I to form Berlin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358049105#January–March", "title": "1710", "revid": 1358049105, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1719, "year_label": "1719 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Europe's first systematic population census is taken in the Kingdom of Prussia's Margraviate of Brandenburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365415998#Undated", "title": "1719", "revid": 1365415998, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1720, "year_label": "1720 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 – Treaties of Stockholm (Great Northern War): Sweden and Prussia sign a treaty by which part of Swedish Pomerania, including the town of Stettin, is ceded to Prussia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358044251#January–March", "title": "1720", "revid": 1358044251, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1733, "year_label": "1733 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – The canton system is first introduced in Prussia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358761924#April–June", "title": "1733", "revid": 1358761924, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1741, "year_label": "1741 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – War of the Austrian Succession: An Austrian army is defeated by Prussian troops of Frederick the Great in the Battle of Mollwitz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360183595#April–June", "title": "1741", "revid": 1360183595, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1742, "year_label": "1742 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15— First Silesian War, part of War of the Austrian Succession: Troops of the Kingdom of Prussia, Saxony and France, under the command of Prince Dietrich of Anhalt-Dessau, capture the Moravian town of Iglau (now Jihlava). At this point, the Saxons and French declare that their obligations to Prussia have ceased.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360184270#January–March", "title": "1742", "revid": 1360184270, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1742, "year_label": "1742 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Peace of Breslau: Austria cedes Silesia to Prussia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360184270#April_–June", "title": "1742", "revid": 1360184270, "section": "Events › April –June"}}, {"year": 1761, "year_label": "1761 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "15–16 July – Seven Years' War: a combined Prussian-Hanoverian-British force led by Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick defeats a large French army at the Battle of Villinghausen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325432011#Events", "title": "1761 in Great Britain", "revid": 1325432011, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1762, "year_label": "1762 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5 (April 24 O.S.) – The Treaty of Saint Petersburg ends the war between Russia and Prussia, and returns all of Russia's territorial conquests to the Prussians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806393#April–June", "title": "1762", "revid": 1340806393, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1762, "year_label": "1762 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – The Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762) ends the war between Russia and the Prussia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330942989#Events", "title": "1762 in Russia", "revid": 1330942989, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1762, "year_label": "1762 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 22", "text": "22 May - Treaty of Hamburg (1762). Peace between Sweden and Prussia with the mediation of the Queen of Sweden, Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. This was the end of the Seven Years War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332425700#Events", "title": "1762 in Sweden", "revid": 1332425700, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1763, "year_label": "1763 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – The Treaty of Hubertusburg puts an end to the Seven Years' War between Prussia and Austria, and their allies France and Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360202149#January–March", "title": "1763", "revid": 1360202149, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1763, "year_label": "1763 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – The Seven Years' War between Austria and Prussia and their allies is ended by the Treaty of Hubertusburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366010306#Events", "title": "1763 in Austria", "revid": 1366010306, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1764, "year_label": "1764 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – A mutual defense treaty between the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia is signed in Saint Petersburg between representatives of Russia's Empress Catherine the Great and Prussia's King Frederick the Great. By agreement, each nation agrees (for an eight-year period) to commit 10,000 soldiers and 2,000 horses to the defense of the other in case of an attack, and secretly agree to maintain security within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363539304#January–June", "title": "1764", "revid": 1363539304, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "(3 July 1778 - 13 May 1779) - the War of the Bavarian Succession was a dispute between the Austrian habsburg monarchy and an alliance of Saxony and Prussia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368196694#Events", "title": "1778 in Austria", "revid": 1368196694, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 13", "text": "June 13 – Prussia declares war against France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#April–June", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Second Partition of Poland: The Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia partition the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#January–June", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1794, "year_label": "1794 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – General Antoni Madaliński, a commander of the National Cavalry in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, disobeys an order from the ruling Russian Empire and Kingdom of Prussia imposing demobilization, advancing his troops from Ostrołęka to Kraków.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801189#January–March", "title": "1794", "revid": 1362801189, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1794, "year_label": "1794 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 24", "text": "March 24 – Tadeusz Kościuszko makes his proclamation starting the Kościuszko Uprising against the Russian Empire and Kingdom of Prussia in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Prussian Partition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801189#January–March", "title": "1794", "revid": 1362801189, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1794, "year_label": "1794 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13–September 6 – Kościuszko Uprising: Siege of Warsaw – The Polish people resist a siege by armies of the Russian Empire and Kingdom of Prussia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801189#July–September", "title": "1794", "revid": 1362801189, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1797, "year_label": "1797 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 26", "text": "January 26 – The Treaty of the Third Partition of Poland is signed in St. Petersburg by the Russian Empire, Austria and the Kingdom of Prussia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310974#January–March", "title": "1797", "revid": 1368310974, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1797, "year_label": "1797 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 26", "text": "26 January – The Treaty of the Third Partition of Poland is signed in St. Petersburg by the Russian Empire, Austria and the Kingdom of Prussia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360246264#Events", "title": "1797 in Germany", "revid": 1360246264, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1806, "year_label": "1806 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – Prussia issues an ultimatum to Paris, threatening war if France does not halt marching its troops through Prussian territory to reach Austria; the message does not reach Napoleon Bonaparte until October 7, and he responds by attacking Prussia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368311144#July–September", "title": "1806", "revid": 1368311144, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1806, "year_label": "1806 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – Napoleon responds to the September 25 ultimatum from Prussia, and begins the War of the Fourth Coalition; Prussia is joined by Saxony and other minor German states.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368311144#October–December", "title": "1806", "revid": 1368311144, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1806, "year_label": "1806 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 8", "text": "8 October – Napoleon responds to the 25 September ultimatum from Prussia, and begins the War of the Fourth Coalition; Prussia is joined by Saxony and other minor German states.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343653362#Events", "title": "1806 in Germany", "revid": 1343653362, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1807, "year_label": "1807 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 7", "text": "February 7 – Napoleon leads the forces of the French Empire in an invasion of the Russian Empire, and begins fighting at the Battle of Eylau against Russian and Prussian forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362733939#January–March", "title": "1807", "revid": 1362733939, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1813, "year_label": "1813 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 9", "text": "February 9 – Prussia abolishes the canton system.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357692833#January–March", "title": "1813", "revid": 1357692833, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – War of the Sixth Coalition – Battle of Hoogstraten: Prussian forces under Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow defeat the French.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360305709#January", "title": "1814", "revid": 1360305709, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1822, "year_label": "1822 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Rhine Province, the westernmost province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia, within the German Reich, established from 1822 to 1946.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331899270#Events", "title": "1822 in Germany", "revid": 1331899270, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1823, "year_label": "1823 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – The first worldwide carnival parade takes place in Cologne, Prussia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361959841#January–March", "title": "1823", "revid": 1361959841, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 7", "text": "June 7 – On the death of Frederick William III of Prussia, he is succeeded on the throne of the Kingdom of Prussia (which he has ruled for more than 40 years) by his eldest son Frederick William IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360387586#April–June", "title": "1840", "revid": 1360387586, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 15", "text": "July 15 – The Austrian Empire, the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Russian Empire sign the Convention of London with the Sublime Porte, ruler of the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331898225#Events", "title": "1840 in Germany", "revid": 1331898225, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1841, "year_label": "1841 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – The first multilateral treaty for the suppression of the African slave trade, the Treaty for the Suppression of the African Slave Trade, signed in London by the representatives of Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360265400#October–December", "title": "1841", "revid": 1360265400, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 29", "text": "29 November – The Punctation of Olmütz was agreed between the Austrian Empire and Prussia. It granted the Austrians leadership of the revived German Confederation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330850284#Events", "title": "1850 in Germany", "revid": 1330850284, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1853, "year_label": "1853 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 20", "text": "20 July – The Jade Treaty is signed between Prussia and Oldenburg. Prussia is ceded territory which allows it to construct a major naval base at Wilhelmshaven", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330910275#Events", "title": "1853 in Germany", "revid": 1330910275, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1855, "year_label": "1855 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 29", "text": "29 June – Telegraphic convention between Belgium, France and Prussia signed in Berlin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1270285115#Events", "title": "1855 in Belgium", "revid": 1270285115, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August", "text": "August – Pre-human remains are found in the Neanderthal Valley in Prussia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371140008#July–September", "title": "1856", "revid": 1371140008, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August", "text": "August – Pre-human remains are found in the Neander Valley in Prussia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1276228122#Events", "title": "1856 in Germany", "revid": 1276228122, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1866, "year_label": "1866 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 8", "text": "April 8 – The kingdoms of Italy and Prussia form an alliance against the Austrian Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368829327#April", "title": "1866", "revid": 1368829327, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1866, "year_label": "1866 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 20", "text": "September 20 – The Kingdom of Prussia formally annexes the Kingdom of Hanover and King George V of Hanover goes into exile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368829327#September", "title": "1866", "revid": 1368829327, "section": "Events › September"}}]}