{"slug": "kingdom-of-poland", "label": "Kingdom of Poland", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8890160", "qid": "Q8890160", "description": "historical state and former kingdom of Central Europe (1000-1795)", "entries": 40, "years": 36, "span": [1025, 1573], "span_label": ["1025 CE", "1573 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 13}, {"title": "Births", "count": 8}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 6}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)"], "related": [{"slug": "bolesaw-ii-the-bold", "label": "Bolesław II the Bold", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "grand-duchy-of-lithuania", "label": "Grand Duchy of Lithuania", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "teutonic-order", "label": "Teutonic Order", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "bolesaw-i-the-brave", "label": "Bolesław I the Brave", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "bolesaw-iii-wrymouth", "label": "Bolesław III Wrymouth", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-germany", "label": "Kingdom of Germany", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "gniezno", "label": "Gniezno", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-bohemia", "label": "Duchy of Bohemia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "greater-poland", "label": "Greater Poland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "poznan", "label": "Poznań", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "krakow", "label": "Kraków", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "wadysaw-ii-jagieo", "label": "Władysław II Jagiełło", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1025, "year_label": "1025 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 18", "text": "April 18 – Bolesław I the Brave is crowned in Gniezno as the first King of Poland. He takes advantage of the interregnum in Germany (see 1024) and receives permission for his coronation from Pope John XIX; however, he dies 60 days later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367042525#Events", "title": "1025", "revid": 1367042525, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1025, "year_label": "1025 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Mieszko II Lambert becomes the second King of Poland after the sudden death of his father, King Bolesław I the Brave", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367042525#Events", "title": "1025", "revid": 1367042525, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1025, "year_label": "1025 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Bolesław I the Brave, king of Poland (b. 967)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367042525#Deaths", "title": "1025", "revid": 1367042525, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1038, "year_label": "1038 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Duke Bretislav I of Bohemia invades Poland. He captures and destroys the cities of Gniezno and Poznań.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129769#Europe", "title": "1038", "revid": 1350129769, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1039, "year_label": "1039 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Duke Casimir I the Restorer returns to Poland, and makes great efforts to rebuild the war-ruined country. He establishes his residence at Kraków (which becomes Poland's capital until 1596).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344928541#Europe", "title": "1039", "revid": 1344928541, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1042, "year_label": "1042 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Bolesław II the Generous, king of Poland (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350130047#Births", "title": "1042", "revid": 1350130047, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1047, "year_label": "1047 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Wyszesława of Kiev, duchess of Poland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368550348#Births", "title": "1047", "revid": 1368550348, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1058, "year_label": "1058 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Bolesław II the Generous, eldest son of Casimir I the Restorer, succeeds his father after his death in Poznań and becomes duke of Poland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269479149#Europe", "title": "1058", "revid": 1269479149, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1063, "year_label": "1063 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21 – Richeza of Lotharingia, queen of Poland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370137387#Deaths", "title": "1063", "revid": 1370137387, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1076, "year_label": "1076 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 26", "text": "December 26 – Bolesław II the Bold (or \"the Generous\") is crowned as King of Poland by Archbishop Bogumił in Gniezno Cathedral. Bolesław supports Gregory VII in his conflict against Henry IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362789427#Europe", "title": "1076", "revid": 1362789427, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1079, "year_label": "1079 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – Stanislaus of Szczepanów, bishop of Kraków, is executed on orders by King Bolesław II the Generous. The way in which his sentence is carried out causes a revolt among the Polish nobles. Bolesław is forced to flee, to take refuge at the court of King Ladislaus I of Hungary. He is succeeded by his brother Władysław I, as ruler of Poland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068328#Europe", "title": "1079", "revid": 1267068328, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1081, "year_label": "1081 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 2", "text": "April 2/3 – Bolesław II the Bold (or \"the Generous\"), king of Poland (or 1082)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1312347020#Deaths", "title": "1081", "revid": 1312347020, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1082, "year_label": "1082 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 2", "text": "April 2/3 (or 1081) – Bolesław II the Bold, king of Poland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070113#Deaths", "title": "1082", "revid": 1267070113, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1086, "year_label": "1086 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "August 20", "text": "August 20 – Bolesław III Wrymouth, duke of Poland (d. 1138)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1277859585#Births", "title": "1086", "revid": 1277859585, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1087, "year_label": "1087 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – Maria Dobroniega, duchess of Poland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365262622#Deaths", "title": "1087", "revid": 1365262622, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1106, "year_label": "1106 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Bolesław III, duke of Poland, begins a civil war against his half-brother Zbigniew, for control over Lesser Poland and Silesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266175#Europe", "title": "1106", "revid": 1365266175, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1111, "year_label": "1111 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Agnes of Babenberg, High Duchess of Poland (d. 1163)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268639#Births", "title": "1111", "revid": 1365268639, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1138, "year_label": "1138 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – Bolesław III Wrymouth dies after a 31-year reign. He divides Poland among his sons: Władysław II the Exile receives Silesia and the Senioral territories – which include the Kraków and Łęczyca regions, as well as parts of Kujawy and Greater Poland (Wielkopolska). Bolesław IV the Curly receives Masovia and Mieszko III the Old receives the newly established Duchy of Greater Poland. The 7-year-old Henry becomes duke of Sandomierz. Bolesław's last son, Casimir II the Just], receives nothing, as he is born 8 days after his father's death.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366421724#Europe", "title": "1138", "revid": 1366421724, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1142, "year_label": "1142 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Duke Władysław II the Exile attempts to subject his younger (half)-brothers to re-unite Poland. He is supported by the alliances with the Kievan Rus' and the Holy Roman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362174122#Europe", "title": "1142", "revid": 1362174122, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1144, "year_label": "1144 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – Salomea of Berg, High Duchess of Poland (b. 1099)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362160711#Deaths", "title": "1144", "revid": 1362160711, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1146, "year_label": "1146 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Władysław II (\"the Exiled\"), High Duke of Poland, suffers a defeat against the coalition forces under his brother Bolesław IV (\"the Curly\"). Władysław and his family escape across the border to Bohemia and later seek refuge in Germany. Bolesław captures Silesia and the Senioral territories, and becomes the new ruler of Greater Poland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184470#Europe", "title": "1146", "revid": 1369184470, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1165, "year_label": "1165 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Henry the Bearded, High Duke of Poland (d. 1238)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362483614#Births", "title": "1165", "revid": 1362483614, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1173, "year_label": "1173 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – Bolesław IV the Curly, duke of Poland", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300112960#Deaths", "title": "1173", "revid": 1300112960, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1173, "year_label": "1173 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – Bolesław IV the Curly, High Duke of Poland, dies after a 27-year reign. He is succeeded by his half-brother Mieszko III the Old, and as duke of Sandomierz in Lesser Poland by Casimir II the Just.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300112960#Europe", "title": "1173", "revid": 1300112960, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1196, "year_label": "1196 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Henry II the Pious, High Duke of Poland (d. 1241)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362484493#Births", "title": "1196", "revid": 1362484493, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1211, "year_label": "1211 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 16", "text": "May 16 – Mieszko IV Tanglefoot, duke of Poland (b. 1130)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360876354#Deaths", "title": "1211", "revid": 1360876354, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1309, "year_label": "1309 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "probable – Aldona of Lithuania (or \"Anna\"), queen consort of Poland (d. 1339)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359759809#Births", "title": "1309", "revid": 1359759809, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1310, "year_label": "1310 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – Casimir III the Great, king of Poland (d. 1368)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018292#Births", "title": "1310", "revid": 1332018292, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1331, "year_label": "1331 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – Battle of Płowce: The German Teutonic Knights and the Poles battle to a draw.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430641#September–December", "title": "1331", "revid": 1365430641, "section": "Events › September–December"}}, {"year": 1373, "year_label": "1373 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – Władysław the White (Władysław Biały), formerly the Duke of Gniewkowo begins a rebellion against the Kingdom of Poland in an attempt to become the kingdom's monarch rather than the King of Hungary. He begins an attempt to reestablish his duchy, capturing Gniewkowo, Włocławek, Inowrocław and Złotoria, but ultimately fails after he flees to Zlotoria in 1376 and is besieged there, surrendering in 1377.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369605206#July–September", "title": "1373", "revid": 1369605206, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1375, "year_label": "1375 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – Pope Gregory XI issues the bull Debitum pastoralis offici, establishing a second ecclesiastical province in the Kingdom of Poland, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Halych.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370334386#January–March", "title": "1375", "revid": 1370334386, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1410, "year_label": "1410 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 15", "text": "July 15 – Battle of Grunwald (Žalgiris), also known as Battle of Tannenberg: Polish and Lithuanian forces under cousins Jogaila and Vytautas the Great decisively defeat the forces of the Teutonic Knights, whose power is broken.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337551949#July–September", "title": "1410", "revid": 1337551949, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1410, "year_label": "1410 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – The Duchy of Pomerania-Stargard is submitted by Bogislaw VIII, the Duke of Pomerania, to become a fiefdom within the Kingdom of Poland, led by King Wladyslaw II. In return, Bogislaw receives Lauenburg and Bütow Land as well as Człuchów, Biały Bór, Debrzno, Świdwin and Czarne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337551949#July–September", "title": "1410", "revid": 1337551949, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1414, "year_label": "1414 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July", "text": "July – The Hunger War takes place between the allied Kingdom of Poland, and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, against the Teutonic Knights, who are severely weakened after the Battle of Grunwald four years prior. The war earned its name from destructive scorched earth tactics followed by both sides.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368828978#July–September", "title": "1414", "revid": 1368828978, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1435, "year_label": "1435 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 31", "text": "December 31 – The Peace of Brześć Kujawski is signed by representatives of the State of the Teutonic Order to make peace with the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to end the Polish–Teutonic War, with the Teutonic Order agreeing to end its support of the former Grand Duke Svitrigaila and to not interfere further with Polish and Lithuanian affairs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372061#October–December", "title": "1435", "revid": 1370372061, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1457, "year_label": "1457 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 – Jan IV, Duke of Oświęcim, sells the duchy to the Kingdom of Poland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359845780#January–March", "title": "1457", "revid": 1359845780, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1460, "year_label": "1460 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 3", "text": "June 3 – Pope Pius II re-imposes a 1454 ban against trade with the Prussian Confederation, and extends it to include a ban against trading with the Kingdom of Poland, after the Prussian states and Poland refuse to join in the proposed crusade against the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371496065#April–June", "title": "1460", "revid": 1371496065, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1474, "year_label": "1474 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – The Treaty of Ófalu is signed between the Kingdom of Poland and the Kingdom of Hungary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364765261#January–March", "title": "1474", "revid": 1364765261, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1494, "year_label": "1494 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 29", "text": "July 29 – Jan V Zatorski, ruler of the Duchy of Zator, sells the Duchy to King Jan I Olbracht of Poland for 80,000 florins, on condition that he retains his title and the right to continue to live in his castle for the rest of his life.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353371082#July–September", "title": "1494", "revid": 1353371082, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1573, "year_label": "1573 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – 1573 Polish–Lithuanian royal election: Polish and Lithuanian nobles gather at Warsaw to elect a successor to King Sigismund II Augustus, who had died the previous July 7. The vote comes down to four candidates, from France, the Holy Roman Empire, Sweden and Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656331#April–June", "title": "1573", "revid": 1366656331, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}