{"slug": "joseph-stalin", "label": "Joseph Stalin", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855", "qid": "Q855", "description": "politician and leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 1924 to 1953", "entries": 34, "years": 23, "span": [1878, 1977], "span_label": ["1878 CE", "1977 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 8}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 3}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Josef Stalin"], "related": [{"slug": "soviet-union", "label": "Soviet Union", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "winston-churchill", "label": "Winston Churchill", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "leon-trotsky", "label": "Leon Trotsky", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "moscow", "label": "Moscow", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "franklin-d-roosevelt", "label": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "communist-party-of-the-soviet-union", "label": "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "nikita-khrushchev", "label": "Nikita Khrushchev", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "prime-minister-of-the-united-kingdom", "label": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "president-of-the-united-states", "label": "President of the United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "june", "label": "June", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tehran", "label": "Tehran", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1878, "year_label": "1878 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union (d. 1953)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365252865#December", "title": "1878", "revid": 1365252865, "section": "Births › December"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – Clashes between police and Georgian workers led by Joseph Stalin leave 15 dead, 54 wounded, and 500 in prison.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318639#March", "title": "1902", "revid": 1373318639, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 23", "text": "December 23 – The Tampere conference, where Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin meet for the first time, is held in Tampere, Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#December", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1913, "year_label": "1913 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January", "text": "January – Joseph Stalin travels to Vienna to research his Marxism and the National Question. This means that, during this month, Stalin, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito are all living in the city, as also are Freud and Jung.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373505613#January", "title": "1913", "revid": 1373505613, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1913, "year_label": "1913 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – Joseph Stalin is arrested by the Russian secret police, the Okhrana, in Petrograd, and exiled to Siberia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373505613#February", "title": "1913", "revid": 1373505613, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 12", "text": "November 12 – Leon Trotsky is expelled from the Soviet Communist Party, leaving Joseph Stalin with undisputed control of the Soviet Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370012373#November", "title": "1927", "revid": 1370012373, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhanov, Joseph Stalin's personal secretary, crosses the border to Iran to defect from the Soviet Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372527586#January", "title": "1928", "revid": 1372527586, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – Joseph Stalin launches the first five-year plan (1928–1932); the average nonfarm wage falls by 50% in the Soviet Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372527586#October", "title": "1928", "revid": 1372527586, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1929, "year_label": "1929 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 27", "text": "December 27 – Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin orders the \"liquidation of the kulaks as a class\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372436446#December", "title": "1929", "revid": 1372436446, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – Soviet leader Joseph Stalin gives a speech calling for rapid industrialization, arguing that only strong industrialized countries will win wars, while \"weak\" nations are \"beaten\". Stalin states: \"We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in ten years. Either we do it, or they will crush us.\" The first five-year plan in the Soviet Union is intensified, for the industrialization and collectivization of agriculture.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310518#February", "title": "1931", "revid": 1371310518, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 5", "text": "December 5 – The original Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow (1883) is demolished, by order of Joseph Stalin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310518#December", "title": "1931", "revid": 1371310518, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1933, "year_label": "1933 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Joseph Stalin added Article 121 to the entire Soviet Union criminal code, which made male homosexuality a crime punishable by up to five years in prison with hard labor. The law remained intact until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and was repealed in 1993.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344268627#Undated", "title": "1933 in the Soviet Union", "revid": 1344268627, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1935, "year_label": "1935 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – Joseph Stalin opens the Moscow Metro to the public.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370722923#May", "title": "1935", "revid": 1370722923, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1935, "year_label": "1935 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 15", "text": "15 May – Joseph Stalin opens the Moscow Metro to the public.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320098793#May", "title": "1935 in the Soviet Union", "revid": 1320098793, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1936, "year_label": "1936 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Joseph Stalin's Great Purge begins in the Soviet Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373216494#September–October", "title": "1936", "revid": 1373216494, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1937, "year_label": "1937 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Moscow Trials: Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center – In the Soviet Union 17 leading Communists go on trial, accused of participating in a plot led by Leon Trotsky to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime, and assassinate its leaders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371759714#January", "title": "1937", "revid": 1371759714, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1937, "year_label": "1937 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – The Soviet Union commences one of the largest campaigns of the Great Purge, to \"eliminate anti-Soviet elements\". Within the following year, at least 724,000 people are fired on order of the troikas, directed by Joseph Stalin. This is an offensive that targets social classes (such as the kulaks or nobles) and Stalin's personal opponents from the Communist Party and their sympathizers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371759714#August", "title": "1937", "revid": 1371759714, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – Katyn massacre: Members of the Soviet Politburo (Joseph Stalin, Vyacheslav Molotov, Lazar Kaganovich, Mikhail Kalinin, Kliment Voroshilov and Lavrentiy Beria) sign an order, prepared by Beria, for the execution of 25,700 Polish intelligentsia, including 14,700 Polish POWs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#March", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 28", "text": "November 28 – WWII: Tehran Conference: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin meet in Tehran, to discuss war strategy. On November 30, they establish an agreement concerning a planned June 1944 invasion of Europe, codenamed Operation Overlord.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373526844#November", "title": "1943", "revid": 1373526844, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 9", "text": "October 9 – WWII: Fourth Moscow Conference: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin begin a 9-day conference in Moscow, to discuss the future of Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#October", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4–11 – WWII: President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin hold the Yalta Conference.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#February", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 — Joseph Stalin declares victory over Nazi Germany during a speech broadcast on radio.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266154635#Events", "title": "1945 in the Soviet Union", "revid": 1266154635, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – Soviet Leader Joseph Stalin's 70th Birthday is Held in Moscow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#December", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 — Joseph Stalin's 70th Birthday is celebrated in Moscow", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305220015#December", "title": "1949 in the Soviet Union", "revid": 1305220015, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1953, "year_label": "1953 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke, after an all-night dinner with Soviet Union interior minister Lavrentiy Beria and future premiers Georgy Malenkov, Nikolai Bulganin, and Nikita Khrushchev. The stroke paralyzes the right side of his body and renders him unconscious until his death on March 5.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310369#March", "title": "1953", "revid": 1371310369, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1953, "year_label": "1953 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – Joseph Stalin, Soviet leader (b. 1878)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310369#March", "title": "1953", "revid": 1371310369, "section": "Deaths › March"}}, {"year": 1953, "year_label": "1953 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 — Joseph Stalin dies, starting a power struggle among Soviet leadership.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321839443#March", "title": "1953 in the Soviet Union", "revid": 1321839443, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1953, "year_label": "1953 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – Georgy Malenkov succeeds Joseph Stalin, as Premier and First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310369#March", "title": "1953", "revid": 1371310369, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1953, "year_label": "1953 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 9", "text": "9 March – The Patriarch of All Romania, Justinian, lays flowers on Joseph Stalin's tomb during the funeral of the Soviet leader.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363129856#Events", "title": "1953 in Romania", "revid": 1363129856, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "After the death of Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Union starts releasing political prisoners and deportees from its Gulag prison camps.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#Date_unknown", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – Nikita Khrushchev attacks the veneration of Joseph Stalin, in a speech \"On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences\", at a secret session concluding the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. This is not officially made public in the Soviet Union at this time but becomes known in the West in June.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022627#February", "title": "1956", "revid": 1370022627, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 31", "text": "October 31 – Joseph Stalin's body is removed from the Lenin Mausoleum in Moscow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#October", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – Joseph Stalin's daughter, Svetlana Alliluyeva, defects to the United States via the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#March", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 7", "text": "October 7 – The Soviet Union adopts its third Constitution. The Soviet National Anthem's lyrics are returned after a 24-year period, with Joseph Stalin's name omitted.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371657539#October", "title": "1977", "revid": 1371657539, "section": "Events › October"}}]}