{"slug": "jordan", "label": "Jordan", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810", "qid": "Q810", "description": "country in West Asia", "entries": 26, "years": 22, "span": [-83, 2013], "span_label": ["84 BCE", "2013 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 8}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan", "Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan"], "related": [{"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "iraq", "label": "Iraq", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "hussein-of-jordan", "label": "Hussein of Jordan", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "israel", "label": "Israel", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "sinai-peninsula", "label": "Sinai Peninsula", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mandatory-palestine", "label": "Mandatory Palestine", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "january", "label": "January", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "rashidun-army", "label": "Rashidun army", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "khalid-ibn-al-walid", "label": "Khalid Ibn Al-Walid", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jordan-river", "label": "Jordan River", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -83, "year_label": "84 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Cana: The Arab Nabataean Kingdom decisively defeats the Greek Seleucid Empire, slaying King Antiochus XII Dionysus, at modern-day Umm Qais in Jordan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209580598#Asia", "title": "84 BC", "revid": 1209580598, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": -8, "year_label": "9 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Aretas IV Philopatris ascended to become the King of the Nabataeans (modern Jordan).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371257874#Arabia", "title": "0s BC", "revid": 1371257874, "section": "Events › 9 BC › Arabia"}}, {"year": 362, "year_label": "362 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "An earthquake strikes Al-Karak (Jordan).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331333761#Roman_Empire", "title": "362", "revid": 1331333761, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 635, "year_label": "635 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January", "text": "January – Battle of Fahl: The Rashidun army, (30,000 men) under Khalid ibn al-Walid (known as the \"Drawn Sword of God\"), defeats the Byzantine forces led by Theodore Trithyrius, at Pella in the Jordan Valley (Jordan).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906250#Arabia", "title": "635", "revid": 1364906250, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 726, "year_label": "726 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Seismic activity in the Mediterranean Sea: The volcanic island of Thera erupts, while the city of Jerash (in present-day Jordan) suffers a major earthquake.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808661#Europe", "title": "726", "revid": 1340808661, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1115, "year_label": "1115 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Crusader castle of Montreal (located in Jordan) is commissioned by King Baldwin I of Jerusalem, during an expedition against the Seljuk Turks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369310142#Levant", "title": "1115", "revid": 1369310142, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1289, "year_label": "1289 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 9", "text": "February 9 – Sultan Qalawun (the Victorious) marches the Mamluk army out of Cairo, leaving his son Al-Ashraf Khalil commanding Cairo's Citadel, supported by Viceroy Baydara al-Mansuri. The army moves via Salihiya, across Sinai and through Jordan to Damascus. He orders the regional governors of Syria to mobilize in Damascus, where many infantry volunteers have assembled.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332007955#Levant", "title": "1289", "revid": 1332007955, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Formal ratification of the Treaty of London grants independence to the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#June", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1948, "year_label": "1948 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – 1948 Arab–Israeli War: The British Mandate of Palestine is officially terminated; expeditionary forces from Egypt, Transjordan, Syria and Iraq invade Israel and clash with Israeli forces after declaring war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371784888#May", "title": "1948", "revid": 1371784888, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1948, "year_label": "1948 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – Four of the seven countries of the Arab League at that time, namely Egypt, Iraq, Jordan and Syria, backed by Arab volunteers invade the territory of the former British Mandate of Palestine and clash with Jewish forces. The resulting 1948 Arab–Israeli War lasts for 13 months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362926100#Events", "title": "1948 in Israel", "revid": 1362926100, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 11", "text": "August 11 – The Jordanian Parliament forces King Talal of Jordan to abdicate due to mental illness; he is succeeded by his son King Hussein.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#July–August", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 25", "text": "25 September – Operation Lulav (מבצע לולב): Following the murder of the participants in an archaeological conference held in Ramat Rachel and the murder of two farmers from Moshav Aminadav and Kibbutz Maoz Haim, IDF forces raid the police fort at Husan, near Bethlehem, in the West Bank (then under the control of Jordan). Thirty-seven Legionnaires and National Guardsmen were killed as well as two civilians. Nine IDF members were also killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1317066097#Israeli–Palestinian_conflict", "title": "1956 in Israel", "revid": 1317066097, "section": "Events › Israeli–Palestinian conflict"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – The Hashemite Kingdoms of Iraq and Jordan unite in the Arab Federation, with King Faisal II of Iraq as head of state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#February", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Six-Day War begins: Israel launches Operation Focus, an attack on Egyptian Air Force airfields; the allied armies of Egypt, Syria, Iraq, and Jordan invade Israel. Battle of Ammunition Hill, start of the Jordanian campaign", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#June", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 6", "text": "6 September - Dawson's Field hijackings: simultaneous attempts to hijack four airliners by Palestinian militants belonging to the PFLP. Two planes landed in Dawson's Field, a remote desert airstrip in Jordan. A hijacking attempt on an El Al flight was thwarted and an American hijacked plane is diverted to Cairo and blown up after the passengers evacuated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337780999#Israeli–Palestinian_conflict", "title": "1970 in Israel", "revid": 1337780999, "section": "Events › Israeli–Palestinian conflict"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – Palestinian armed forces reinforce guerillas in Irbidi, Jordan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#September", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – In Jordan, the government of Ahmad Toukan resigns; the next prime minister is Wasfi al-Tal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#October", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 6", "text": "6 October – Yom Kippur War: The fourth and largest Arab–Israeli conflict begins, as Egypt and Syria initiate a surprise attack on Israeli forces in the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights on Yom Kippur, the holiest day of the Hebrew calendar. Jordan, Iraq and other Arab nations support the Epyptian-Syrian war effort but do not take part in the conflict.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357086798#Events", "title": "1973 in Israel", "revid": 1357086798, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1985, "year_label": "1985 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 11", "text": "11 February – PLO chairman Yasser Arafat and King Hussein of Jordan sign the Palestinian-Jordanian Joint Action Agreement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357379543#February", "title": "1985 in Palestine", "revid": 1357379543, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 19", "text": "19 February: King Hussein of Jordan declares the failure of the Palestinian-Jordanian Joint Action Agreement signed in 1985. In his declaration, Hussein accuses the PLO of breaking their promise to recognise United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 and United Nations Security Council Resolution 338.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345055679#February", "title": "1986 in Palestine", "revid": 1345055679, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 - Jordan re-opens diplomatic relations with Libya. Jordan had cut off relations in 1984 after a violent protest at the Jordanian embassy in Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323177872#Events", "title": "1990 in Libya", "revid": 1323177872, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – Israel and Jordan sign the Washington Declaration as a preliminary to signature on October 25 of the Israel–Jordan peace treaty, which formally ends the state of war that has existed between the nations since 1948.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#July", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – The Wadi Araba Crossing opens, becoming the first border crossing between Israel and Jordan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1328107802#Events", "title": "1994 in Israel", "revid": 1328107802, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 7", "text": "February 7 – Abdullah II inherits the throne of Jordan, following the death of his father, King Hussein.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#February", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2002, "year_label": "2002 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "November", "text": "A tape of Osama bin Laden was broadcast on by the Arabic-language al-Jazeera satellite television channel based in Qatar. On the tape, he warned U.S. allies that they would be targets of new attacks if they continued to back the United States. He also hailed attacks in Bali, Kuwait, Yemen and Jordan and the Moscow theatre siege a month earlier. The cassette was handed to an Al Jazeera television correspondent in Islamabad by an unidentified man who disappeared immediately.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372652183#November", "title": "2002 in Afghanistan", "revid": 1372652183, "section": "November"}}, {"year": 2013, "year_label": "2013 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – Saudi Arabia rejects a seat on the United Nations Security Council, making it the first country to reject a seat on the Security Council. Jordan takes the seat on December 6.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373160550#October", "title": "2013", "revid": 1373160550, "section": "Events › October"}}]}