{"slug": "jesuits", "label": "Jesuits", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuits", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36380", "qid": "Q36380", "description": "male religious institute of the Roman Catholic Church", "entries": 86, "years": 68, "span": [1506, 2013], "span_label": ["1506 CE", "2013 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 28}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 14}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 11}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 10}, {"title": "Births", "count": 9}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Jesuit", "Jesuit priest", "Society of Jesus"], "related": [{"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ming-dynasty", "label": "Ming dynasty", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "church-of-ireland", "label": "Church of Ireland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "emperor-of-ethiopia", "label": "Emperor of Ethiopia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "the-bronx", "label": "The Bronx", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "beijing", "label": "Beijing", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "guadeloupe", "label": "Guadeloupe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "paris", "label": "Paris", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "august", "label": "August", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tibet", "label": "Tibet", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1506, "year_label": "1506 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13- Peter Faber, French Catholic priest and co-founder of the Society of Jesus (d.1546)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353736212#Births", "title": "1506 in France", "revid": 1353736212, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1526, "year_label": "1526 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Edmund Tanner (d. 1579 in Ireland), Irish Jesuit, Roman Catholic Bishop of Cork and Cloyne, from 1574 to 1579.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1324326627#Births", "title": "1526 in Ireland", "revid": 1324326627, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1534, "year_label": "1534 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Ignatius of Loyola and six others take the vows that lead to the establishment of the Jesuits (the Society of Jesus), in Montmartre, near Paris.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558671#July–September", "title": "1534", "revid": 1369558671, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1540, "year_label": "1540 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) is approved by Pope Paul III, in his bull Regimini militantis Ecclesiae.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494590#July–September", "title": "1540", "revid": 1366494590, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1542, "year_label": "1542 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February", "text": "February–March – first Jesuit mission to Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367908561#Events", "title": "1542 in Ireland", "revid": 1367908561, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1546, "year_label": "1546 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Possible date – Thomas Field, Jesuit explorer (d. 1625)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1258791497#Births", "title": "1546 in Ireland", "revid": 1258791497, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1549, "year_label": "1549 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Probable date – Thomas Field, Jesuit explorer (d. 1625)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247429420#Births", "title": "1549 in Ireland", "revid": 1247429420, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1550, "year_label": "1550 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 – The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) is approved by Pope Julius III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369571608#July–September", "title": "1550", "revid": 1369571608, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1552, "year_label": "1552 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 3", "text": "December 3 – Francis Xavier, Spanish Jesuit missionary and saint (b. 1506)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364394581#Deaths", "title": "1552", "revid": 1364394581, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1554, "year_label": "1554 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – Richard Field, Jesuit (d. 1606)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247429278#Births", "title": "1554 in Ireland", "revid": 1247429278, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The first printing press in India is introduced by Jesuits, at Saint Paul's College, Goa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320371006#Date_unknown", "title": "1556", "revid": 1320371006, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1559, "year_label": "1559 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Christopher Holywood, Jesuit (d. 1626)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247429313#Births", "title": "1559 in Ireland", "revid": 1247429313, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1564, "year_label": "1564 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 2", "text": "2 April – William Bathe, Jesuit priest and linguist (d. 1614)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367370423#Births", "title": "1564 in Ireland", "revid": 1367370423, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1565, "year_label": "1565 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "First ever Jesuit school is established at Limerick by David Wolfe, apostolic visitor of the Roman Catholic Church, but this is dispersed by the royal authorities in October.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247429068#Events", "title": "1565 in Ireland", "revid": 1247429068, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1570, "year_label": "1570 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 10", "text": "September 10 – A party of ten Spanish Jesuit missionaries land on the Virginia Peninsula of North America to establish the Ajacán Mission, which will be massacred in February 1571.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362475955#July–September", "title": "1570", "revid": 1362475955, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1570, "year_label": "1570 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – Manuel da Nóbrega, Portuguese Jesuit missionary in Brazil (b. 1517)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362475955#Deaths", "title": "1570", "revid": 1362475955, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1571, "year_label": "1571 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – The Spanish Jesuit missionaries of the Ajacán Mission, established on the Virginia Peninsula of North America in 1570, are massacred by local Native Americans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369367955#January–March", "title": "1571", "revid": 1369367955, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1574, "year_label": "1574 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Stephen White, Jesuit scholar (d. 1646)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247428788#Births", "title": "1574 in Ireland", "revid": 1247428788, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1575, "year_label": "1575 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – Edmund O'Donnell is hanged, drawn and quartered in Cork as a traitor, the first Jesuit executed by the English government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323611124#Events", "title": "1575 in Ireland", "revid": 1323611124, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1581, "year_label": "1581 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 14", "text": "July 14 – English Jesuit Edmund Campion is arrested.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478489#July–September", "title": "1581", "revid": 1362478489, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1581, "year_label": "1581 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – In England, Jesuit priest Edmund Campion is executed for treason.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478489#October–December", "title": "1581", "revid": 1362478489, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1581, "year_label": "1581 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – Edmund Campion, English Jesuit priest and saint (b. 1540)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478489#Deaths", "title": "1581", "revid": 1362478489, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1582, "year_label": "1582 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Jesuit Matteo Ricci is allowed to enter the country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373325265#Date_unknown", "title": "1582", "revid": 1373325265, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1587, "year_label": "1587 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – In the Burgundian Netherlands (part of modern-day Belgium), the faculty at the University of Leuven publishes a condemnation of the 34 propositions drawn up by the Jesuit scholar Michel Baius, leading to a campaign by traditional Belgian Catholics against the Jesuits.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478812#July–September", "title": "1587", "revid": 1362478812, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1591, "year_label": "1591 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The first of the Conimbricenses commentaries on Aristotle, by the Jesuits of the University of Coimbra, is published.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358075583#Date_unknown", "title": "1591", "revid": 1358075583, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1591, "year_label": "1591 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Michael Wadding, Jesuit theologian and missionary priest (d. 1644)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1294797948#Births", "title": "1591 in Ireland", "revid": 1294797948, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1593, "year_label": "1593 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "In Lisbon, John Houling, SJ, and Fr. Peter Fonseca establish the College of St. Patrick for the education of young Irish Roman Catholics.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247428377#Events", "title": "1593 in Ireland", "revid": 1247428377, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1594, "year_label": "1594 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "St. Paul's College is founded in Macau by Jesuits, being the first western style university in the far east.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319812312#Date_unknown", "title": "1594", "revid": 1319812312, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1594, "year_label": "1594 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 27", "text": "December 27 – French university student Jean Châtel attempts to assassinate King Henry IV of France, after gaining entrance into the King's office. Châtel attacks the monarch with a knife and causes a minor injury. After court jester Mathurine de Vallois intervenes, she detains Châtel until the King's bodyguard can carry out the arrest. Two days later, Chatel is executed by dismemberment. The Collège de Clermont, the Jesuit institution, where Châtel was a student, is closed, and the order of the Jesuits is temporarily banned.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319812312#October–December", "title": "1594", "revid": 1319812312, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1597, "year_label": "1597 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – José de Anchieta, Spanish Jesuit missionary (b. 1534)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801855#Deaths", "title": "1597", "revid": 1362801855, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1597, "year_label": "1597 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – Petrus Canisius, Dutch Jesuit priest and saint (b. 1521)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801855#Deaths", "title": "1597", "revid": 1362801855, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1602, "year_label": "1602 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "5–18 June – Nine Years' War: The English defeat Irish rebels at the siege of Dunboy. The Jesuit chaplain Dominic Collins is arrested, tortured and hanged by the English at Youghal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362110563#Events", "title": "1602 in Ireland", "revid": 1362110563, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1602, "year_label": "1602 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Copies are printed of the geographical map of East Asia created by Matteo Ricci, an Italian Jesuit stationed in Ming dynasty Beijing, China, with Chinese-written labeling and map symbols.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351972919#Date_unknown", "title": "1602", "revid": 1351972919, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1604, "year_label": "1604 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 4", "text": "4 December – Hiring anyone who had attended Jesuit schools in positions in schools and churches was made illegal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1327221589#Events", "title": "1604 in Norway", "revid": 1327221589, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1605, "year_label": "1605 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – A proclamation commands all Roman Catholic seminary priests and Jesuits to leave Ireland by December 10 and directs the laity to attend Church of Ireland services.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477436#July–September", "title": "1605", "revid": 1362477436, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1605, "year_label": "1605 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 4", "text": "4 July – a proclamation commands all Roman Catholic seminary priests and Jesuits to leave the country by 10 December and directs the laity to attend Church of Ireland services.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292453958#Events", "title": "1605 in Ireland", "revid": 1292453958, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1606, "year_label": "1606 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – Richard Field, superior of the Irish Jesuit mission (b. c.1554)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1310342071#Deaths", "title": "1606 in Ireland", "revid": 1310342071, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1607, "year_label": "1607 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Missionary Juan Fonte establishes the first Jesuit mission among the Tarahumara, in the Sierra Madre Mountains of Northwest Mexico.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358831090#Date_unknown", "title": "1607", "revid": 1358831090, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1610, "year_label": "1610 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 11", "text": "May 11 – Matteo Ricci, Italian Jesuit priest and servant of God (b. 1552)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361322431#April–June", "title": "1610", "revid": 1361322431, "section": "Deaths › April–June"}}, {"year": 1614, "year_label": "1614 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – William Bathe, Jesuit priest and linguist (b. 1564)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247388215#Deaths", "title": "1614 in Ireland", "revid": 1247388215, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Anti-Christian persecutions break out in Nanjing, China, and Nagasaki, Japan. The Jesuit-lead Christian community in Japan at this time is over 3,000,000 strong.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#Date_unknown", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Jesuit astronomer Christoph Scheiner becomes the advisor to Archduke Maximilian, brother of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor in Vienna. A lifelong enemy of Galileo, following a dispute over the nature of sunspots, Scheiner is credited with reopening the 1616 accusations against Galileo in 1633.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#Date_unknown", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February", "text": "February – English merchants of the East India Company complain that the great troubles and wars in Japan since their arrival have put them to much pains and charges. Two great cities, Osaka and Sakaii, have been burned to the ground, each one almost as big as London, and not one house left standing, and it is reported above 300,000 men have lost their lives, “yet the old Emperor Ogusho Same hath prevailed and Fidaia Same either been slain or fled secretly away, that no news is to be heard of him.” Jesuits, priests, and friars are banished by the emperor and their churches and monasteries pulled down; they put the fault on the arrival of the English; it is said if Fidaia Same had prevailed against the emperor, he promised them entrance again, when without doubt all the English would have been driven out of Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#January–February", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – The Tepehuán Revolt begins in Nueva Vizcaya with the attack of a Spanish wagon train that is on its way to Mexico City. It tests the limits of Spanish and Jesuit colonialism, in western and northwestern Durango and southern Chihuahua, Mexico.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#November-December", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › November-December"}}, {"year": 1620, "year_label": "1620 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – James Archer, Jesuit (b. 1550)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1255078936#Deaths", "title": "1620 in Ireland", "revid": 1255078936, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1621, "year_label": "1621 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – John Berchmans, Belgian Jesuit scholastic and saint (b. 1599)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358440931#July–September", "title": "1621", "revid": 1358440931, "section": "Deaths › July–September"}}, {"year": 1622, "year_label": "1622 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – Pedro Páez, Spanish Jesuit missionary in Ethiopia (b. 1564)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366857889#April–June", "title": "1622", "revid": 1366857889, "section": "Deaths › April–June"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – A decree is issued in Norway making it illegal for Jesuits or Roman Catholic monks to be harbored in the country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331350573#January–March", "title": "1624", "revid": 1331350573, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – A decree made it explicitly illegal for Jesuits and monks to appear in the country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1244605427#Events", "title": "1624 in Denmark", "revid": 1244605427, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February 28", "text": "28 February – A decree made it explicitly illegal for Jesuits and monks to appear in the country, with death penalty as a consequence for offenders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331437544#Events", "title": "1624 in Norway", "revid": 1331437544, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August", "text": "August – Portuguese Jesuit priest António de Andrade becomes the first European to enter Tibet, arriving at Tsaparang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331350573#July–September", "title": "1624", "revid": 1331350573, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1625, "year_label": "1625 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The first members of the Society of Jesus move to Quebec, Canada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363597525#Date_unknown", "title": "1625", "revid": 1363597525, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1631, "year_label": "1631 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Membership of the Walloon Province (Provincia Gallo-Belgica) of the Society of Jesus peaks at 856.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365485467#Events", "title": "1631 in Belgium", "revid": 1365485467, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1632, "year_label": "1632 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Fasilides, Emperor of Ethiopia in succession to his father Susenyos, declares the state religion of the country again to be Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and confiscates the lands of the Jesuit missionaries, relegating them to Fremona.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358528035#April–June", "title": "1632", "revid": 1358528035, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1633, "year_label": "1633 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor of Ethiopia Fasilides expels Jesuit missionaries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369169348#Date_unknown", "title": "1633", "revid": 1369169348, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1634, "year_label": "1634 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Suspecting that Patriarch Afonso Mendes played a part in the Portuguese assault on Mombasa, Emperor Fasilides expels him and several Jesuit missionaries from Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353730997#Date_unknown", "title": "1634", "revid": 1353730997, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1634, "year_label": "1634 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – Leonard Calvert arrives in Maryland, with Jesuit missionaries Andrew White, John Altham Gravenor, and Thomas Gervase, establishing St. Mary's as the fourth permanent settlement in British North America. In this year they also establish an institution of higher learning here, which later becomes Georgetown University, the United States's oldest university.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353730997#January–March", "title": "1634", "revid": 1353730997, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1645, "year_label": "1645 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Regarding the Chinese Rites controversy, Rome's Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith sided with the Dominicans over the Jesuit in 1645 by condemning the Chinese rites based on their brief, rendering them incompatible with Roman Catholic faith", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363645127#Events", "title": "1645 in China", "revid": 1363645127, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1645, "year_label": "1645 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Society of Jesus establishes a school in Galway, the predecessor of Coláiste Iognáid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323613121#Events", "title": "1645 in Ireland", "revid": 1323613121, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1660, "year_label": "1660 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – The war in the West Indies between the indigenous Carib people, and the French Jesuits and English people who have colonized the islands, is ended with a treaty signed at Basse-Terre at Guadeloupe at the residence of the French Governor, Charles Houël du Petit Pré.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986539#January–March", "title": "1660", "revid": 1365986539, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1664, "year_label": "1664 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – Jesuit missionary Johann Grueber arrives in Rome after a 214-day journey that had started in Beijing, proving that commerce can be had between Europe and Asia by land rather than ship.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372648278#January–March", "title": "1664", "revid": 1372648278, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "China Illustrata, a book written by the Jesuit Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680) is published. It compiles the 17th century European knowledge on the Chinese Empire and its neighboring countries", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243748858#Events", "title": "1667 in China", "revid": 1243748858, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – In North America (Canada), explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle is released from the Society of Jesus (Jesuits).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989201#January–March", "title": "1667", "revid": 1365989201, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1669, "year_label": "1669 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 23", "text": "September 23 – Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor grants the status and privileges of a university to the Jesuit Academy in Zagreb, the precursor to the modern University of Zagreb.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366419040#July–September", "title": "1669", "revid": 1366419040, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1673, "year_label": "1673 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – In America, trader Louis Joliet and Jesuit missionary-explorer Jacques Marquette begin exploring the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992268#April–June", "title": "1673", "revid": 1365992268, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1678, "year_label": "1678 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 6", "text": "6 September – Titus Oates first presents sworn allegations of the \"Popish Plot\", a supposed Catholic conspiracy to assassinate King Charles II. On 28 September before the Privy Council he makes allegations against numerous Jesuits and Catholic nobles. Oates applies the term Tory to those who disbelieve his allegations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737510#Events", "title": "1678 in England", "revid": 1353737510, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1692, "year_label": "1692 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 – The Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty issues the Edict of Toleration, recognizing all the members of the Roman Catholic Church, not just the Jesuits, and legalizing missions and their conversion of Chinese people to the Christian Faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365636017#January–March", "title": "1692", "revid": 1365636017, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1761, "year_label": "1761 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – The Parlement of Paris votes to close all colleges, associations and seminaries associated with the Jesuit Order, following a long campaign by Louis-Adrien Le Paige.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369831762#July–September", "title": "1761", "revid": 1369831762, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1767, "year_label": "1767 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 29", "text": "September 29 – The Spanish Empire's Governorate of the Río de la Plata and Governorate of Paraguay begin the process of expulsion of the 456 members of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) from southern South America, placing them on five ships bound for Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587024#July–September", "title": "1767", "revid": 1365587024, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1769, "year_label": "1769 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354215144#January–March", "title": "1769", "revid": 1354215144, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 – Under pressure from the Bourbon courts, Pope Clement XIV suppresses the Society of Jesus (brief Dominus ac Redemptor). Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, expels the order from his territories.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365114710#July–September", "title": "1773", "revid": 1365114710, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29 – Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Chase and Rev. John Carroll, a Jesuit, urge Canadians to send delegates to Congress, promising toleration. Franklin brings a printer and press, for a newspaper, to mould public opinion. Canadians regard Franklin as an enemy, and the priests remind Father Carroll that, unlike some of the Provinces, Britain tolerates the Romish Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349954732#Events", "title": "1776 in Canada", "revid": 1349954732, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1788, "year_label": "1788 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Attorney-General Monk and Solicitor-General Williams are of opinion that, as the Jesuits have no civil existence as a Canadian corporation, their estates accrue to the Crown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349955218#Events", "title": "1788 in Canada", "revid": 1349955218, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – Pope Pius VII decrees the bull Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum, reestablishing the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) all over the world, after having approved their survival and existence in Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360305709#July–September", "title": "1814", "revid": 1360305709, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1816, "year_label": "1816 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – (December 25, 1815 on the Russian Julian calendar): Tsar Alexander I of Russia signs an order, expelling the Jesuits from St. Petersburg and Moscow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363267979#January–March", "title": "1816", "revid": 1363267979, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1841, "year_label": "1841 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 21", "text": "June 21 – St. John's College, later Fordham University, is founded in The Bronx by Jesuits.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360265400#April–June", "title": "1841", "revid": 1360265400, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1841, "year_label": "1841 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 21", "text": "June 21 – Fordham University is opened in The Bronx by the Society of Jesus as St. John's College.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372328435#Events", "title": "1841 in the United States", "revid": 1372328435, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1848, "year_label": "1848 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 20", "text": "September 20 – Opening of the Jesuits' College, Montreal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349957012#Events", "title": "1848 in Canada", "revid": 1349957012, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "St. Paul's School, Belgaum, is founded by the Jesuits in Belgaum, India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371140008#Date_unknown", "title": "1856", "revid": 1371140008, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1866, "year_label": "1866 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 14", "text": "October 14 – French troops under the command of Rear Admiral Pierre-Gustave Roze land at Ganghwa Island, Korea, as part of a punitive expedition against that kingdom for the execution of French Jesuit priests. It is the first military contact between Korea and a Western force.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368829327#October", "title": "1866", "revid": 1368829327, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1867, "year_label": "1867 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "Jesuits destroy the ruins of the Chudamani Vihara", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370042295#Events", "title": "1867 in India", "revid": 1370042295, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1872, "year_label": "1872 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – The Society of Jesus is pronounced illegal in the German Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371307490#July", "title": "1872", "revid": 1371307490, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1878, "year_label": "1878 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 — Creighton University, a Jesuit university in Omaha, Nebraska, is founded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362045589#Events", "title": "1878 in the United States", "revid": 1362045589, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1884, "year_label": "1884 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 18", "text": "18 February – English Jesuit poet Gerard Manley Hopkins takes up a post as professor of Greek and Latin at University College Dublin on St Stephen's Green, where he will remain until his death in 1889 and write his \"terrible sonnets\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370839845#Arts_and_literature", "title": "1884 in Ireland", "revid": 1370839845, "section": "Arts and literature"}}, {"year": 1951, "year_label": "1951 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 5", "text": "5 November - Jul Bonati - Jesuit, scholar, translator and one of the 38 martyrs of Albania killed during Enver Hoxha's reign", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353806501#Deaths", "title": "1951 in Albania", "revid": 1353806501, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 2013, "year_label": "2013 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina is elected the 266th pope, whereupon he takes the name Francis and becomes the first Jesuit pope, the first pope from the Americas, and the first pope from the Southern Hemisphere.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373160550#March", "title": "2013", "revid": 1373160550, "section": "Events › March"}}]}