{"slug": "james-cook", "label": "James Cook", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7324", "qid": "Q7324", "description": "British explorer, cartographer and naval officer (1728–1779)", "entries": 42, "years": 16, "span": [1728, 1826], "span_label": ["1728 CE", "1826 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 32}, {"title": "Births", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Captain Cook"], "related": [{"slug": "plymouth", "label": "Plymouth", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "northwest-passage", "label": "Northwest Passage", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "pacific-ocean", "label": "Pacific Ocean", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "bering-strait", "label": "Bering Strait", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tahiti", "label": "Tahiti", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hawaii", "label": "Hawaii", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "atlantic-ocean", "label": "Atlantic Ocean", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alaska", "label": "Alaska", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "old-style-and-new-style-dates", "label": "Old Style and New Style dates", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "australia", "label": "Australia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-great-britain", "label": "Kingdom of Great Britain", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1728, "year_label": "1728 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "October 27", "text": "October 27 – James Cook, British naval commander and explorer (d. 1779)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363462071#Births", "title": "1728", "revid": 1363462071, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1728, "year_label": "1728 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "October 27", "text": "27 October (O.S.) – James Cook, naval captain and explorer (died 1779)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363711553#Births", "title": "1728 in Great Britain", "revid": 1363711553, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1728, "year_label": "1728 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "November 7", "text": "November 7 - James Cook killed by Hawaiian natives, cutting short his search for Northwest Passage. (died 1779)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349953030#Births", "title": "1728 in Canada", "revid": 1349953030, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 22", "text": "February 22 – A fleet of 158 British Royal Navy warships, under the command of Admiral Edward Boscawen, departs from Plymouth toward North America in an effort to conquer the French Canadian territories of New France. Many of the sailors die of nutritional deficiencies along the way, including the scurvy that kills 26 of the crew of HMS Pembroke, captained by future world explorer James Cook on his first long voyage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#January–March", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1768, "year_label": "1768 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 26", "text": "August 26 – James Cook departs from Plymouth aboard HMS Endeavour on his first voyage of discovery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369390957#July–September", "title": "1768", "revid": 1369390957, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1768, "year_label": "1768 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 26", "text": "26 August – James Cook departs from Plymouth aboard HMS Endeavour on his first voyage of discovery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1324355352#Events", "title": "1768 in Great Britain", "revid": 1324355352, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1769, "year_label": "1769 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – James Cook arrives in Tahiti, on the ship HM Bark Endeavour, preparing for the 1769 Transit of Venus observed from Tahiti on June 3. After the voyage, the data is found to be inaccurate in determining the distance between the Sun and Earth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354215144#April–June", "title": "1769", "revid": 1354215144, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1769, "year_label": "1769 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 13", "text": "13 April – first voyage of James Cook: James Cook arrives in Tahiti on the ship HM Bark Endeavour, preparing to observe the transit of the planet Venus, which takes place on 3 June. After the voyage, the data is found to be inaccurate in determining the distance between the Sun and Earth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356128438#Events", "title": "1769 in Great Britain", "revid": 1356128438, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1769, "year_label": "1769 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – James Cook names White Island, off the coast of New Zealand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354215144#October–December", "title": "1769", "revid": 1354215144, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1770, "year_label": "1770 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 9", "text": "9 March – Haggis is served on board Captain James Cook's ship HMS Endeavour, anchored off New Zealand, in celebration of the birthday of a Scottish officer on board, Cook himself having a Scottish father.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353738695#Events", "title": "1770 in Scotland", "revid": 1353738695, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1770, "year_label": "1770 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – First voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain James Cook and his crew aboard HMS Endeavour complete the circumnavigation of New Zealand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310921#January–_March", "title": "1770", "revid": 1368310921, "section": "Events › January– March"}}, {"year": 1770, "year_label": "1770 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 18", "text": "April 18 (April 19 by Cook's log) 18:00 – First voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain James Cook and his crew become the first recorded Europeans to encounter the eastern coastline of the Australian continent. Land is sighted at Point Hicks, and named after Lieutenant Hicks who first observes landform at 6am.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310921#April–June", "title": "1770", "revid": 1368310921, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1770, "year_label": "1770 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 18", "text": "18 April (19 April by Cook's log) – first voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain James Cook and his crew aboard HMS Endeavour become the first recorded Europeans to encounter the eastern coastline of the Australian continent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374050841#Events", "title": "1770 in Great Britain", "revid": 1374050841, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1771, "year_label": "1771 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Captain James Cook completes his first voyage around the world.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349954578#Events", "title": "1771 in Canada", "revid": 1349954578, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1771, "year_label": "1771 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 12", "text": "12 July – first voyage of James Cook (begun 1768): HMS Endeavour anchors in The Downs, and Captain Cook goes ashore at Deal, Kent, following his global circumnavigation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374050908#Events", "title": "1771 in Great Britain", "revid": 1374050908, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1772, "year_label": "1772 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "James Cook and George Vancouver explore the northwest coast of America.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349954603#Events", "title": "1772 in Canada", "revid": 1349954603, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1772, "year_label": "1772 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 13", "text": "13 July – navigator James Cook sets out from Plymouth on HMS Resolution for a second Pacific voyage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275835037#Events", "title": "1772 in Great Britain", "revid": 1275835037, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – Second voyage of James Cook: Captain Cook in HMS Resolution (1771) becomes the first European explorer to cross the Antarctic Circle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365114710#January–March", "title": "1773", "revid": 1365114710, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 17", "text": "17 January – second voyage of James Cook: Captain Cook in HMS Resolution becomes the first European explorer to cross the Antarctic Circle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347146307#Events", "title": "1773 in Great Britain", "revid": 1347146307, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 11", "text": "August 11 – Second voyage of James Cook in the Tuamotus: Captain Cook discovers Tekokota, which he names Doubtful Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365114710#July–September", "title": "1773", "revid": 1365114710, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1774, "year_label": "1774 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16–17 – English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) Palmerston Island in the South Pacific Ocean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560805#April–June", "title": "1774", "revid": 1369560805, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1774, "year_label": "1774 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) the island of New Caledonia in Melanesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560805#July–September", "title": "1774", "revid": 1369560805, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – Second voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook takes possession of South Georgia for the Kingdom of Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#January–June", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 30", "text": "July 30 – Second voyage of James Cook: HMS Resolution anchors off the south coast of England, Captain Cook having completed the first eastbound global circumnavigation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#July–December", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 30", "text": "30 July – second voyage of James Cook: HMS Resolution anchors at Spithead, Captain Cook having completed the first eastabout global circumnavigation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372308677#Events", "title": "1775 in Great Britain", "revid": 1372308677, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – Captain James Cook sets off from Plymouth, England, in HMS Resolution on his third voyage, to the Pacific Ocean and Arctic, which will be fatal to him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#July–August", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 12", "text": "12 July – Captain James Cook sets off from Plymouth in HMS Resolution on his third voyage, to the Pacific Ocean and Arctic, which will be fatal to him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365774368#Events", "title": "1776 in Great Britain", "revid": 1365774368, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29–30 – Third voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain Cook discovers Mangaia and Atiu in the Cook Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#January–March", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – Third voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain Cook locates Kiritimati (Christmas Island).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 24", "text": "24 December – Kiritimati (Christmas Island) visited by James Cook.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330315664#Events", "title": "1777 in Great Britain", "revid": 1330315664, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, first views Oʻahu then Kauaʻi in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he names the Sandwich Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#January–March", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – The third Pacific expedition of Capt. James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, first view O'ahu then Kaua'i in the Hawaiian Islands, which he names the Sandwich Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371257903#January–March", "title": "1778 in the United States", "revid": 1371257903, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 18", "text": "18 January – the third Pacific expedition of James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, first views Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands, which he names the \"Sandwich Islands\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361912006#Events", "title": "1778 in Great Britain", "revid": 1361912006, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6–October 24 – Captain Cook explores and maps the Pacific Northwest coast of North America, from Cape Foulweather (Oregon) to the Bering Strait.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#January–March", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – April 26 British Captain James Cook explores Alaskan coast, seeking Northwest Passage back to the Atlantic. On the last of three voyages to the west coast, he travels as far north as the Bering Strait and claims Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island for the British. While there, he trades for sea otter pelts. On the way back to England his crew almost mutinied, desperately wanting to go back to the Pacific Northwest, after stopping in China and discovering how much sea otter pelts were worth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349954795#Events", "title": "1778 in Canada", "revid": 1349954795, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26 – In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to land on Maui.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#October–December", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26 – In the Hawaiian Islands, Capt. James Cook becomes the first European to land on Maui.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371257903#October–December", "title": "1778 in the United States", "revid": 1371257903, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1779, "year_label": "1779 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "James Cook February 14, 1779, Explorer and Navigator", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320574847#Deaths", "title": "1779 in the United States", "revid": 1320574847, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1779, "year_label": "1779 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – James Cook, British naval captain and explorer (b. 1728)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567590#Deaths", "title": "1779", "revid": 1370567590, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1779, "year_label": "1779 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – James Cook killed by Hawaiian natives, cutting short his search for Northwest Passage. (born 1728)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349954821#Deaths", "title": "1779 in Canada", "revid": 1349954821, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1784, "year_label": "1784 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "James Cook's journal of his last voyage published in London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360224448#Events", "title": "1784 in Canada", "revid": 1360224448, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1826, "year_label": "1826 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Jules Dumont d'Urville arrives in New Zealand on the Astrolabe during his circumnavigation. He charts much of New Zealand that Cook did not, in particular the Marlborough Sounds. (see also 1827).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362740395#Events", "title": "1826 in New Zealand", "revid": 1362740395, "section": "Events"}}]}