{"slug": "izmir", "label": "İzmir", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zmir", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35997", "qid": "Q35997", "description": "city in İzmir Province, Turkey", "entries": 9, "years": 8, "span": [151, 1922], "span_label": ["151 CE", "1922 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "smyrna", "label": "Smyrna", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ionia", "label": "Ionia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pechenegs", "label": "Pechenegs", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thrace-theme", "label": "Thrace (theme)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thessaloniki", "label": "Thessaloniki", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sarajevo", "label": "Sarajevo", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bayezid-ii", "label": "Bayezid II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "middle-east", "label": "Middle East", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 151, "year_label": "151 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Mytilene and Smyrna are destroyed by an earthquake.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367877886#Asia", "title": "AD 151", "revid": 1367877886, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1081, "year_label": "1081 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Seljuk emir Tzachas (or Chaka Bey) conquers Smyrna (modern-day İzmir) and founds a short-lived independent state, which emerges as the first sea power in Turkish history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1312347020#Seljuk_Empire", "title": "1081", "revid": 1312347020, "section": "Events › By place › Seljuk Empire"}}, {"year": 1091, "year_label": "1091 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Tzachas, a Seljuk Turkish military commander, establishes an independent maritime state centred in the Ionian coastal city of Smyrna (modern-day İzmir). He proclaims himself emperor (basileus), and concludes an alliance with the Pechenegs in Thrace. Tzachas uses his fleet to blockade Constantinople by sea, while the Pechenegs besiege the capital by land.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267069429#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1091", "revid": 1267069429, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1492, "year_label": "1492 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 2", "text": "August 2 – The Jews are expelled from Spain on the Tisha B'Av fast day, pursuant to the Alhambra Decree. More than 40,000 and perhaps as many as 200,000 leave. Sultan Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire, learning of this, dispatches the Ottoman Navy to bring the Jews safely to Ottoman lands, mainly to the cities of Thessaloniki (in modern-day Greece) and İzmir (in modern-day Turkey); others settle in Sarajevo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366150846#July—September", "title": "1492", "revid": 1366150846, "section": "Events › July—September"}}, {"year": 1742, "year_label": "1742 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – İzmir, formerly the ancient Greek city of Smyrna, is destroyed by fire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360184270#April_–June", "title": "1742", "revid": 1360184270, "section": "Events › April –June"}}, {"year": 1917, "year_label": "1917 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 26", "text": "April 26 – Agreement of St.-Jean-de-Maurienne between France, Italy and the United Kingdom, signed at Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne. Drafted by the Italian Foreign Minister Sidney Sonnino, as a tentative agreement to settle its Middle Eastern interest, the agreement was needed by the allies to secure the position of Italian forces in the Middle East and to balance the military power drops at the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I as Russian (Tsarist) forces were pulling out of the Caucasus Campaign. Italy would receive a part of southwestern Anatolia, including İzmir (Smyrna).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323614400#April", "title": "1917 in Italy", "revid": 1323614400, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1919, "year_label": "1919 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – Greek landing at Smyrna: The Hellenic Army lands at Smyrna assisted by ships of the British Royal Navy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373508849#May", "title": "1919", "revid": 1373508849, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – Turkish forces pursuing withdrawing Greek troops enter İzmir, effectively ending the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#September", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "September 13", "text": "September 13–15 – The Great Fire of Smyrna destroys most of İzmir. Responsibility is disputed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#September", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › September"}}]}