{"slug": "indigenous-australians", "label": "Indigenous Australians", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_Australians", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170355", "qid": "Q170355", "description": "First Nations people of Australia and its islands", "entries": 17, "years": 15, "span": [1790, 1975], "span_label": ["1790 CE", "1975 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Indigenous Australian"], "related": [{"slug": "western-australia", "label": "Western Australia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "new-south-wales", "label": "New South Wales", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1790, "year_label": "1790 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 7", "text": "7 September – Governor Arthur Phillip is speared in the shoulder while speaking with a group of Indigenous Australians, due to a misunderstanding. Acting as interpreter, Bennelong prevents the situation from escalating and the Aboriginal people are permitted to leave in peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374051098#Events", "title": "1790 in Australia", "revid": 1374051098, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1802, "year_label": "1802 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "June 2", "text": "June 2 – Indigenous Australian Pemulwuy, a leader of the resistance to European settlement of Australia, is shot dead by Henry Hacking.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341741915#April–June", "title": "1802", "revid": 1341741915, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – Myall Creek massacre: 28 Indigenous Australians are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360381946#April–June", "title": "1838", "revid": 1360381946, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 13", "text": "13 January – The Battle of Yering occurs between Indigenous Australians of the Wurundjeri nation and the Border Police.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320655312#Events", "title": "1840 in Australia", "revid": 1320655312, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 11", "text": "11 October – the Lettsom raid in Melbourne, the mass-arrest and imprisonment of approximately 400 Wurundjeri, Woiworrung, Boonwurrung and Taungurung people (collectively known as the Kulin nation of Indigenous Australians).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320655312#Events", "title": "1840 in Australia", "revid": 1320655312, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July", "text": "July – Up to 150 Indigenous Australians are murdered by Angus McMillan's men in the Warrigal Creek Massacre as part of a series of mass murders of Gunai Kurnai people known as the Gippsland massacres.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321570160#Events", "title": "1843 in Australia", "revid": 1321570160, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Undated – 16 Indigenous Australians are poisoned to death in Murrindal as part of a series of mass murders of Gunai Kurnai people known as the Gippsland massacres.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311417979#Events", "title": "1850 in Australia", "revid": 1311417979, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Undated – A retaliatory mass-slaughter of Indigenous Australians occurs in the Hospital Creek Massacre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1310479539#Events", "title": "1859 in Australia", "revid": 1310479539, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February", "text": "The Flying Foam massacre, a massacre of Indigenous Australians around Flying Foam Passage in Western Australia by white colonial settlers begins and lasts until May.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363668193#February", "title": "1868", "revid": 1363668193, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1894, "year_label": "1894 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 10", "text": "10 November - Jandamarra, an Indigenous Australian of the Bunuba people, leads one of the few armed insurrections against Europeans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1297034104#Events", "title": "1894 in Australia", "revid": 1297034104, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1912, "year_label": "1912 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 10", "text": "10 October – The Maternity Allowance Act 1912 is passed, granting a \"Baby Bonus\" of five pounds to the mother of every child born in Australia (indigenous mothers and other non-citizens are excluded).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372918700#Events", "title": "1912 in Australia", "revid": 1372918700, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – At least 800 Indigenous Australian pastoral workers walk off the job in Northwest Western Australia, starting one of the longest industrial strikes in Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#May", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May 1", "text": "1 May – At least 800 Aboriginal pastoral workers walk off the job in Northwest Western Australia, starting one of the longest industrial strikes in Australia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374055630#Events", "title": "1946 in Australia", "revid": 1374055630, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1963, "year_label": "1963 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 30", "text": "March 30 – Indigenous Australians are legally allowed to drink alcohol in New South Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370539540#March", "title": "1963", "revid": 1370539540, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – The Australian referendum, 1967 passes with an overwhelming 90% support, removing, from the Australian Constitution, 2 discriminatory sentences referring to Indigenous Australians. It signifies Australia's first step in recognising Indigenous rights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#May", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1971, "year_label": "1971 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Neville Bonner becomes the first Indigenous Australian to sit in the Australian Parliament.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369905382#June", "title": "1971", "revid": 1369905382, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1975, "year_label": "1975 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "August 25", "text": "25 August – An Australian women's soccer team captained by Pat O'Connor are defeated by Thailand 3-2 in Hong Kong in a Group A match of the 1975 Asian Cup Ladies Football Tournament. The Australian team are a representative team consisting mostly of players from suburban Sydney club St George-Budapest, but were not official international players until they were controversially recognised in 2024 as the first Matildas which prompts anger and disappointment from former Matildas who describe the decision as disrespectful to the women who were formally chosen to represent Australia from 1978 onwards. The decision to elevate the 1975 team to official status also results in Tarita Yvonne Peters (who played under the name Stacey Tracy) becoming the first women's Indigenous player to represent Australia, a title which was previously held by Karen Menzies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363910425#August", "title": "1975 in Australia", "revid": 1363910425, "section": "Sport › August"}}]}