{"slug": "hudson-bay", "label": "Hudson Bay", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Bay", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3040", "qid": "Q3040", "description": "large body of saltwater in northeastern Canada that drains much of north-central North America", "entries": 15, "years": 12, "span": [1610, 1793], "span_label": ["1610 CE", "1793 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "hudson-s-bay-company", "label": "Hudson's Bay Company", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "northwest-passage", "label": "Northwest Passage", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "quebec", "label": "Quebec", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ontario", "label": "Ontario", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "prince-rupert-of-the-rhine", "label": "Prince Rupert of the Rhine", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "maine", "label": "Maine", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "war-of-the-spanish-succession", "label": "War of the Spanish Succession", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "acadia", "label": "Acadia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "saint-kitts", "label": "Saint Kitts", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "canada", "label": "Canada", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alberta", "label": "Alberta", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1610, "year_label": "1610 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 2", "text": "August 2 – Henry Hudson sails into what is now known as Hudson Bay, thinking he has made it through the Northwest Passage and reached the Pacific Ocean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361322431#July–September", "title": "1610", "revid": 1361322431, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1611, "year_label": "1611 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – English explorer and sea captain Henry Hudson, his teenage son John, and seven crewmen are set adrift in or near Hudson Bay, after a mutiny on his ship Discovery. They are never seen again.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1277342005#April–June", "title": "1611", "revid": 1277342005, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1670, "year_label": "1670 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 2", "text": "2 May – a royal charter is granted to the Hudson's Bay Company with the jurisdiction to control administration and commerce in Rupert's Land, governed for the crown by Rupert, Duke of Cumberland, the King's cousin, a 1.5 million square mile area around Hudson Bay in North America.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737399#Events", "title": "1670 in England", "revid": 1353737399, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1670, "year_label": "1670 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – The Hudson's Bay Company is granted a royal charter in England with the jurisdiction to control administration and commerce in \"Rupert's Land\", governed for the crown by Rupert, Duke of Cumberland, the cousin of King Charles II. The land is a 1.5 million square mile area of what is now Canada around Hudson Bay. The area controlled covers all of the modern province of Manitoba, most of Saskatchewan, and significant portions of Alberta and Nunavut, as well as parts of what are now Ontario and Quebec, and parts of the U.S. states of Minnesota, North Dakota and Montana.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368809725#April–June", "title": "1670", "revid": 1368809725, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1696, "year_label": "1696 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – On Canada's Hudson Bay, the English Navy recaptures the York Factory from France, three years after the French had captured it, and renamed the site \"Fort Bourbon\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361123555#July–September", "title": "1696", "revid": 1361123555, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1702, "year_label": "1702 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "1702-13: Queen Anne's War—Maine Abenakis and Iroquois from Quebec (Caughnawaga) attack the English colonists on behalf of the French, but lose. The European nations negotiate their settlement at the Treaty of Utrecht (1713); Louis XIV cedes Hudson Bay, Acadia (Nova Scotia) and Newfoundland (but not Cape Breton Island or St. John's Island) to Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364923385#Events", "title": "1702 in Canada", "revid": 1364923385, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1709, "year_label": "1709 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – The Battle of Fort Albany, an attack by 100 French colonial volunteers and Cree natives on the British Hudson's Bay Company outpost at Fort Albany on Hudson Bay. John Fullartine, commander of the post, leads a successful defense of the fort and 18 of the attackers are killed and then retreat. The site becomes part of a Cree First Nation reserve in the Canadian province of Ontario.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361817608#April–June", "title": "1709", "revid": 1361817608, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1713, "year_label": "1713 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Treaty of Utrecht. The French cede Newfoundland and the Hudson Bay region. They retain Cape Breton Island and Île Saint-Jean (Prince Edward Island).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349952571#Events", "title": "1713 in Canada", "revid": 1349952571, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1713, "year_label": "1713 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – The Second Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and France ends the War of the Spanish Succession. France cedes Newfoundland, Acadia, Hudson Bay and St Kitts to Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360271134#April–June", "title": "1713", "revid": 1360271134, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1713, "year_label": "1713 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 11", "text": "11 April – The Second Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and France ends the War of the Spanish Succession; France cedes Newfoundland, Acadia, Hudson Bay and St Kitts to Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353738001#Events", "title": "1713 in France", "revid": 1353738001, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1739, "year_label": "1739 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Joseph La France begins to explore between Lake Superior and Hudson Bay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349953358#Events", "title": "1739 in Canada", "revid": 1349953358, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1747, "year_label": "1747 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24–October 14 – The English ships Dobbs galley and California, under Captains William Moore and Francis Smith, explore Hudson Bay, discovering there is no Northwest Passage by this route.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372981647#April–June", "title": "1747", "revid": 1372981647, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1754, "year_label": "1754 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Anthony Henday travels west from Hudson Bay onto Plains, meets natives on horseback and sees Rocky Mountains.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349953871#Events", "title": "1754 in Canada", "revid": 1349953871, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1764, "year_label": "1764 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 – The Niagara Conference begins at the invitation of Sir William Johnson, the British Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the northern district, who hosts \"one of the largest conventions of red men ever held on the continent\" to negotiate the end of the hostilities from the French and Indian War. Reportedly, 2,000 representatives of the North American tribes meet at upstate New York coming from distances ranging \"From Dakota to Hudson's Bay, and from Maine to Kentucky.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363539304#July–September", "title": "1764", "revid": 1363539304, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "David Thompson surveys Muskrat Country west of Hudson Bay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349955378#Events", "title": "1793 in Canada", "revid": 1349955378, "section": "Events"}}]}