{"slug": "house-of-lords", "label": "House of Lords", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Lords", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11007", "qid": "Q11007", "description": "upper house in the Parliament of the United Kingdom", "entries": 39, "years": 33, "span": [1539, 2014], "span_label": ["1539 CE", "2014 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 25}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["House of Lords (United Kingdom)"], "related": [{"slug": "house-of-commons-of-the-united-kingdom", "label": "House of Commons of the United Kingdom", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "house-of-commons-of-england", "label": "House of Commons of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "palace-of-westminster", "label": "Palace of Westminster", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "parliament-of-england", "label": "Parliament of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "governor-general-of-india", "label": "Governor-General of India", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "warren-hastings", "label": "Warren Hastings", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "scotland", "label": "Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "prime-minister-of-the-united-kingdom", "label": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "arthur-wellesley-1st-duke-of-wellington", "label": "Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "great-famine-ireland", "label": "Great Famine (Ireland)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "robert-peel", "label": "Robert Peel", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tower-of-london", "label": "Tower of London", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5 – The English House of Lords creates a committee, balanced between religious reformers and religious conservatives, to examine and determine doctrine, eventually forming the \"Six Articles\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#April–June", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 13", "text": "13 February – Charles assents to the Bishops Exclusion Act thereby removing all bishops from the House of Lords.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737168#Events", "title": "1642 in England", "revid": 1353737168, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1645, "year_label": "1645 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – The House of Lords passes the Self-denying Ordinance, requiring members of the Parliament of England to resign commissions in the armed services.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370309626#April–June", "title": "1645", "revid": 1370309626, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1645, "year_label": "1645 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 3", "text": "3 April – the House of Lords passes the Self-denying ordinance, requiring members of the Parliament of England to resign commissions in the armed services.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737198#Events", "title": "1645 in England", "revid": 1353737198, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1649, "year_label": "1649 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 19", "text": "March 19 – The House of Commons of England passes an act abolishing the House of Lords, which it describes in the act as \"useless and dangerous to the people of England\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367892628#January–March", "title": "1649", "revid": 1367892628, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1649, "year_label": "1649 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 19", "text": "19 March – The House of Commons passes an act abolishing the House of Lords, declaring that it is \"useless and dangerous to the people of England\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737236#Events", "title": "1649 in England", "revid": 1353737236, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1677, "year_label": "1677 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – Four members of the English House of Lords embarrass King Charles II at the opening of the latest session of the \"Cavalier Parliament\" by proclaiming that the session is not legitimate because it had not met in more than a year. The Duke of Buckingham, backed by Lord Shaftesbury, Lord Salisbury and Baron Wharton, makes an unsuccessful motion to end the session. When the four Lords refuse to apologize, they are arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360727449#January–March", "title": "1677", "revid": 1360727449, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1678, "year_label": "1678 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – The Test Act provides that members of both the House of Lords and House of Commons of England must swear an anti-Catholic oath, before taking office.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368552109#October–December", "title": "1678", "revid": 1368552109, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1678, "year_label": "1678 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 3", "text": "3 December – the Test Act provides that members of both the House of Lords and House of Commons must swear an anti-Catholic oath before taking office.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737510#Events", "title": "1678 in England", "revid": 1353737510, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1680, "year_label": "1680 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "December 17", "text": "December 17 (December 7 O.S.) – The trial for treason of William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford before his fellow members of the House of Lords having concluded after seven days, the Lords vote on whether to convict him of the articles of impeachment. The Lords vote, 55 to 31 to convict him and to impose the death sentence and Lord Stafford is beheaded on 29 December (8 January 1681 N.S.)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365997201#October–December", "title": "1680", "revid": 1365997201, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1681, "year_label": "1681 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "21–28 March – the Oxford Parliament meets and debates the Exclusion Bill. The Bill is rejected by the House of Lords. No further sessions of parliament are held until after the death of Charles II in 1685.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353737545#Events", "title": "1681 in England", "revid": 1353737545, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1707, "year_label": "1707 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – As part of the process of the unification of Scotland and England as Great Britain, Scotland selects 16 members to sit in the House of Lords at the Palace of Westminster.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346936133#January–March", "title": "1707", "revid": 1346936133, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1711, "year_label": "1711 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 7", "text": "7 December - The Earl of Nottingham successfully proposes an amendment in the House of Lords calling for \"No Peace Without Spain\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275835709#Events", "title": "1711 in Great Britain", "revid": 1275835709, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1712, "year_label": "1712 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 2", "text": "2 January – In the British House of Lords, twelve new Tory peers known as Harley's Dozen take their seats.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1276007861#Events", "title": "1712 in Great Britain", "revid": 1276007861, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1719, "year_label": "1719 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 28", "text": "28 April – A Peerage Bill, proposed by Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland and James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope, to prevent the creation of peers in the House of Lords, is defeated in the House of Commons by the eloquence of Robert Walpole.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320245199#Events", "title": "1719 in Great Britain", "revid": 1320245199, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1723, "year_label": "1723 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June", "text": "June – Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, receives a pardon for his part in the Jacobite Rebellion and is allowed to return to Britain, but not to sit in the House of Lords. Francis Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester, is banished from the country during the year for his part in Jacobite plotting.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320245351#Events", "title": "1723 in Great Britain", "revid": 1320245351, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1732, "year_label": "1732 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 8", "text": "8 March – report of a House of Lords committee on the 'state of popery'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247386262#Events", "title": "1732 in Ireland", "revid": 1247386262, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1753, "year_label": "1753 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 16", "text": "April 16 – The Jewish Naturalisation Act 1753 is passed by Britain's House of Lords, permitting Jewish immigrants to England to become naturalized citizens \"without receiving the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper\". The bill, introduced by George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, passes the House of Commons on May 22.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362641691#April–June", "title": "1753", "revid": 1362641691, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1774, "year_label": "1774 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 22", "text": "22 February – the legal case of Donaldson v Beckett is decided in the House of Lords, denying the continued existence of a perpetual common law copyright and holding that copyright is a creation of statute and can be limited in its duration. This does permit authors to claim copyright in their own works.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374050969#Events", "title": "1774 in Great Britain", "revid": 1374050969, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In the House of Lords, Lord Camden declares: \"If I were an American, I should resist to the last such manifest exertions of tyranny, violence and injustice.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349954765#Full_date_unknown", "title": "1777 in Canada", "revid": 1349954765, "section": "Events › Full date unknown"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Duke of Richmond calls, in the House of Lords of Great Britain, for manhood suffrage and annual parliaments, which are rejected.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#Date_unknown", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1790, "year_label": "1790 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 4", "text": "4 August – Lord North becomes Earl of Guilford upon the death of his father and moves from the House of Commons to the House of Lords.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292610790#Events", "title": "1790 in Great Britain", "revid": 1292610790, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1795, "year_label": "1795 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – Former Governor-General of India Warren Hastings is acquitted by the British House of Lords of misconduct.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352627752#January–June", "title": "1795", "revid": 1352627752, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1795, "year_label": "1795 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 23", "text": "23 April – former Governor-General of India Warren Hastings acquitted by the House of Lords of misconduct.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360242725#Events", "title": "1795 in Great Britain", "revid": 1360242725, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1806, "year_label": "1806 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 8", "text": "8 April – Proceedings for the impeachment of Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville (on the initiative of Samuel Whitbread) for the misappropriation of public money at the Admiralty begin; he will be acquitted in the last impeachment trial ever held in the House of Lords.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333514109#Events", "title": "1806 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1333514109, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – English poet Lord Byron gives his first address as a member of the British House of Lords, in defense of Luddite violence against industrialism, in his home county of Nottinghamshire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364673712#January–March", "title": "1812", "revid": 1364673712, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 28", "text": "28 January - The Prince Regent addresses the House of Lords at the State Opening of Parliament. On leaving the Palace of Westminster, the Prince's carriage is attacked and a window broken.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363326613#Events", "title": "1817 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1363326613, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1822, "year_label": "1822 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – George Canning, President of the Board of Control in the House of Commons, moves to repeal a law that prohibited Roman Catholic peers from sitting or voting in the House of Lords. The motion passes, 235–223, on its second reading, but the House of Lords declines to pass it.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367154222#April–June", "title": "1822", "revid": 1367154222, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – The House of Commons of the United Kingdom passes the Great Reform Bill to expand the franchise, but this is later defeated in the House of Lords.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#July–September", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 22", "text": "22 September – The House of Commons passes the Great Reform Bill to expand the franchise, but this is later defeated in the Lords.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351267176#Events", "title": "1831 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1351267176, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1846, "year_label": "1846 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – Under the leadership of Prime Minister Robert Peel, the House of Commons of the United Kingdom votes to repeal the Corn Laws by passing an Importation Bill, replacing the old colonial mercantile trade system with free trade in response to the Great Famine (Ireland). On June 25 the Duke of Wellington persuades the House of Lords to pass the Act, which will take full effect from February 1849. Peel, however, is forced to resign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342482#April–June", "title": "1846", "revid": 1368342482, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1869, "year_label": "1869 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – royal assent is given to the Irish Church Act 1869, disestablishing the Church of Ireland with effect from 1871 and abolishing payment of tithe, the legislation having passed through the House of Commons of the United Kingdom and House of Lords.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355441776#Events", "title": "1869 in Ireland", "revid": 1355441776, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1910, "year_label": "1910 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – Amidst the constitutional crisis caused by the House of Lords rejecting the People's Budget, the January 1910 United Kingdom general election is held resulting in a hung parliament with neither Liberals nor Conservatives gaining a majority.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373495790#January", "title": "1910", "revid": 1373495790, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1910, "year_label": "1910 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 19", "text": "December 19 – The second 1910 United Kingdom general election (the last to be fought with an all-male electorate) concludes with confirmation of a majority for the Liberal Party in alliance with the Irish Parliamentary Party, resolving the battle of wills between the House of Commons of the United Kingdom and the House of Lords by giving a majority for restriction of the powers of the Lords and support for the Irish Home Rule movement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373495790#December", "title": "1910", "revid": 1373495790, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "July 14", "text": "July 14 – The Government of Ireland Bill completes its passage through the House of Lords in the U.K. It allows Ulster counties to vote on whether or not they wish to participate in Home Rule from Dublin. Because of the outbreak of war in Europe and later developments in Ireland, the Act is never implemented in its original form.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#July", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – Judgement in Donoghue v Stevenson handed down in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom, creating the modern concept of a duty of care in British law.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370718676#May", "title": "1932", "revid": 1370718676, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – The British House of Lords defeats the abolition of the death penalty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022627#July", "title": "1956", "revid": 1370022627, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1966, "year_label": "1966 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – Lord Gardiner issues the Practice Statement in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom, stating that the House, when acting in a judicial capacity, is not bound to follow its own previous precedent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370246126#July", "title": "1966", "revid": 1370246126, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2014, "year_label": "2014 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 12", "text": "September 12 – Ian Paisley, Baron Bannside, 88, Northern Irish politician, first minister (2007–2008), MP (1970–2010) and member of the House of Lords (since 2010).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373550857", "title": "Deaths in September 2014", "revid": 1373550857, "section": "Deaths › September"}}]}