{"slug": "helsinki", "label": "Helsinki", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757", "qid": "Q1757", "description": "capital and most populous city of Finland", "entries": 36, "years": 33, "span": [1550, 2022], "span_label": ["1550 CE", "2022 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 13}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Helsingfors", "Helsinki, Finland"], "related": [{"slug": "finland", "label": "Finland", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "jean-sibelius", "label": "Jean Sibelius", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "grand-duchy-of-finland", "label": "Grand Duchy of Finland", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "soviet-union", "label": "Soviet Union", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gustav-vasa", "label": "Gustav Vasa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states", "label": "United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cold-war", "label": "Cold War", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bulgaria", "label": "Bulgaria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "romania", "label": "Romania", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "belgrade", "label": "Belgrade", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bucharest", "label": "Bucharest", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1550, "year_label": "1550 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 12", "text": "June 12 – The city of Helsinki (now in Finland but known as Helsingfors in Sweden at this time) is founded by King Gustav I of Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369571608#April–June", "title": "1550", "revid": 1369571608, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1550, "year_label": "1550 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 12", "text": "12 June - King Gustav Vasa founds Helsingfors, now the Helsinki, the capital of Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344456277#Events", "title": "1550 in Sweden", "revid": 1344456277, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1713, "year_label": "1713 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – In the Great Northern War, a fleet of the Russian Navy, transporting 12,000 soldiers, sails from Kronstadt to attack the Swedish Army at Helsinki.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360271134#April–June", "title": "1713", "revid": 1360271134, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1742, "year_label": "1742 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 20", "text": "August 20 – The Swedish-Russian War effectively ends as 17,000 Swedish troops surrender in Finland at Helsingfors (Helsinki).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360184270#July–September", "title": "1742", "revid": 1360184270, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1743, "year_label": "1743 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – The War of the Hats: The Swedish army surrendered to the Russians in Helsinki, ending the war and starting Lesser Wrath.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360887949#July–September", "title": "1743", "revid": 1360887949, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1748, "year_label": "1748 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Construction of the Sveaborg fortification begins near Helsinki.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361284371#Date_unknown", "title": "1748", "revid": 1361284371, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1808, "year_label": "1808 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 2", "text": "March 2 – Russian troops occupy Helsinki and threaten Sveaborg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369185588#January–March", "title": "1808", "revid": 1369185588, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 8", "text": "April 8 – The capital of Finland is moved from Turku to Helsinki, when Russia's Tsar Alexander I signs an edict moving the Government Council of the Grand Duchy of Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364673712#April–June", "title": "1812", "revid": 1364673712, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1852, "year_label": "1852 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – The Helsinki Cathedral (known as St. Nicholas' Church at time) is officially inaugurated in Helsinki, Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354165010#January–March", "title": "1852", "revid": 1354165010, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – The first railway line in Finland, between the cities of Helsinki and Hämeenlinna, is officially opened.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#March", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – The Uspenski Cathedral, designed by Aleksey Gornostayev, is inaugurated in Helsinki, Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363668193#October", "title": "1868", "revid": 1363668193, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 26", "text": "April 26 – Jean Sibelius conducts the world première of his Symphony No. 1 in Helsinki.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#April", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – Jean Sibelius's Symphony No. 2 is premiered in Helsinki.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318639#March", "title": "1902", "revid": 1373318639, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – Eliel Soisalon-Soininen, the Chancellor of Justice of the Grand Duchy of Finland (at this time part of the Russian Empire) is assassinated at Helsingfors (Helsinki).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#February", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1911, "year_label": "1911 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – Jean Sibelius conducts the premiere of his Symphony No. 4, in Helsinki.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373497014#April", "title": "1911", "revid": 1373497014, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 8", "text": "December 8 – Jean Sibelius conducts the world première of his Symphony No. 5 in Helsinki at a 50th birthday concert for him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#December", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 17", "text": "17 February - beginning of the Ice Cruise of the Baltic Fleet, transferring Russian ships from Reval and Helsingfors to Kronstadt", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367979058#January–March", "title": "1918 in Russia", "revid": 1367979058, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 16", "text": "May 16 – The victory military parade by the Finnish White Guard is held in Helsinki celebrating their decisive victory in the Finnish Civil War. The day also begin to be celebrated on the Defence Forces Flag Day before it is moved in 1942 to the June 4th.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#May", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – The far-right Lapua Movement marches in Helsinki, Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373315156#July", "title": "1930", "revid": 1373315156, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 7", "text": "March 7 – The Finnish Parliament House opens in Helsinki, Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310518#March", "title": "1931", "revid": 1371310518, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – The court of Helsinki sentences Vilho Kallio, Ville Saari and Ida Maria Viden to prison for the Tattarisuo mutilation case.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370718676#September", "title": "1932", "revid": 1370718676, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 3", "text": "September 3 – A planned international football friendly between Poland and Bulgaria in Warsaw was cancelled due to the invasion of Poland. On the same day, the Gordon Bennett cup in ballooning, planned in Lwów, was cancelled. Three other international matches were cancelled in September, between Poland and Yugoslavia in Belgrade on 6 September, and two matches on the 24 September between Poland B Team and Finland in Helsinki, and Poland A Team and Romania in Bucharest.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352731099#September", "title": "1939 in Poland", "revid": 1352731099, "section": "Sports › September"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20–August 4 – Scheduled dates for the 1940 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland, cancelled in November 1939 due to WWII (originally allocated to Tokyo, Japan).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#July", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – The Jussi Awards, the Finnish film award ceremony, is held for the first time at Restaurant Adlon in Helsinki.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#November", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1951, "year_label": "1951 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – The National Olympic Committee of the Soviet Union is formed. The USSR will first participate in the Olympic Games at Helsinki, Finland, in 1952.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368856437#April", "title": "1951", "revid": 1368856437, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1951, "year_label": "1951 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – Vuoristorata, one of the oldest still-operating wooden roller coasters in Europe, is opened at the Linnanmäki amusement park in Helsinki, Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368856437#July", "title": "1951", "revid": 1368856437, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19–August 3 – The 1952 Summer Olympics are held in Helsinki, Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#July–August", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 23", "text": "March 23 – The Scandinavian States of the Nordic Council sign the Helsinki Convention on Nordic Co-operation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#March", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 28", "text": "28 June – Judy Pollock breaks Ann Packer's world record (2:04.3) in the women's 800 metres, clocking 2:01.0 at a meet in Helsinki, Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368923867#Athletics_(track_and_field)", "title": "1967 in Australia", "revid": 1368923867, "section": "Sport › Athletics (track and field)"}}, {"year": 1969, "year_label": "1969 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – Cold War: Negotiators from the Soviet Union and the United States meet in Helsinki, to begin the SALT I negotiations aimed at limiting the number of strategic weapons on both sides.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180#November", "title": "1969", "revid": 1373164180, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – Jammu Siltavuori abducts and murders two eight-year-old girls in the Myllypuro suburb of Helsinki, Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#March", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 9", "text": "9 September - Joint news conference of President Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in Helsinki, Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1244962504#Events", "title": "1990 in Finland", "revid": 1244962504, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 15", "text": "October 15 – The leaders of the Baltic States—Arnold Rüütel of Estonia, Anatolijs Gorbunovs of Latvia, and the Vytautas Landsbergis of Lithuania—sign the OSCE Final Act in Helsinki, Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#October", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2002, "year_label": "2002 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Kamppi Car Bomb: On 16 July 2002, a car bomb detonated in the Kamppi district of Helsinki. The blast was linked to a rare contract killing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334199399#Events", "title": "2002 in Finland", "revid": 1334199399, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 10", "text": "May 10–12 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2007 takes place in Helsinki, Finland, and is won by Serbian entrant Marija Šerifović with the song \"Molitva\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#May", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – Spanish club Real Madrid beat German club Eintracht Frankfurt 2–0 to win the 2022 UEFA Super Cup played at the Olympic Stadium in Helsinki, Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#August", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › August"}}]}