{"slug": "han-warring-states", "label": "Han (Warring States)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_%28Warring_States%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574130", "qid": "Q1574130", "description": "central Chinese state from 403-230 BCE", "entries": 18, "years": 18, "span": [-454, -208], "span_label": ["455 BCE", "209 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["State of Han"], "related": [{"slug": "qin-state", "label": "Qin (state)", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "zhao-state", "label": "Zhao (state)", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "wei-state", "label": "Wei (state)", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "bai-qi", "label": "Bai Qi", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "yan-state", "label": "Yan (state)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "chu-state", "label": "Chu (State)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "warring-states-period", "label": "Warring States period", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "zhou-dynasty", "label": "Zhou dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "qin-shi-huang", "label": "Qin Shi Huang", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "li-si", "label": "Li Si", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "qi-state", "label": "Qi (state)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "spring-and-autumn-period", "label": "Spring and Autumn period", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -454, "year_label": "455 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring and Autumn period: The Battle of Jinyang begins with the armies of Zhi, Wei and Han laying siege to Jinyang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1317824167#China", "title": "455 BC", "revid": 1317824167, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -402, "year_label": "403 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The states of Han, Zhao and Wei receive official recognition as Marquesses from the Eastern Zhou dynasty, confirming the Partition of Jin. This is one of the traditional starting points of the Warring States period.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1246106639#China", "title": "403 BC", "revid": 1246106639, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -362, "year_label": "363 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Marquess Gong of Han, ruler of the State of Han", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267837770#Deaths", "title": "363 BC", "revid": 1267837770, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -361, "year_label": "362 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The states of Qin, Han and Zhao defeat the state of Wei and Qin captures the prince of Wei. The Battle of Shaoliang is then fought between Qin and Wei, which Wei loses, whereupon Qin captures the prime minister of Wei.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367114722#China", "title": "362 BC", "revid": 1367114722, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -293, "year_label": "294 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General Bai Qi of the State of Qin launches a surprise attack on the State of Han and captures the city of Xincheng.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129455#China", "title": "294 BC", "revid": 1350129455, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -292, "year_label": "293 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The State of Qin, led by commander Bai Qi, wins a decisive victory over the States of Wei and Han in the Battle of Yique. He then captures territories in Han before invading and capturing further territories in Wei.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129456#China", "title": "293 BC", "revid": 1350129456, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -284, "year_label": "285 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The success of Qi has frightened the other states. Under the leadership of Lord Mengchang, who has been exiled in Wei, Qin, Zhao, Han and Yan form an alliance. Yan had normally been a relatively weak ally of Qi and Qi feared little from this quarter. Yan's onslaught under general Yue Yi comes as a devastating surprise. Simultaneously, the other allies attack from the west. Chu declares itself an ally of Qi but contents itself with annexing some territory to its north. Qi's armies are destroyed while the territory of Qi is reduced to the two cities of Ju and Jimo. King Min himself is later captured and executed by his own followers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370920977#China", "title": "285 BC", "revid": 1370920977, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -272, "year_label": "273 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Xi of Han, Chinese king of Han (Warring States Period)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1227001457#Deaths", "title": "273 BC", "revid": 1227001457, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -263, "year_label": "264 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General Bai Qi of the State of Qin attacks the State of Han and captures the city of Jing, defeating its large garrison. He then captures various other towns and cities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948843#China", "title": "264 BC", "revid": 1325948843, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -262, "year_label": "263 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "General Bai Qi of the State of Qin captures the Han province of Nan, thereby cutting off Shangdang Commandery from the rest of the Han state. This commandery subsequently surrenders itself to the State of Zhao rather than transfer to Qin control, which will set up the climactic Battle of Changping in 260 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948852#China", "title": "263 BC", "revid": 1325948852, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -261, "year_label": "262 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following the surrender of the Shangdang Commandery, formerly of Han, to the State of Zhao, fighting between Zhao and the State of Qin begins in the area of Changping.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948866#China", "title": "262 BC", "revid": 1325948866, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -258, "year_label": "259 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The State of Zhou cedes to the State of Qin the Han region of Yuanyong and six cities of Zhao in exchange for peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1073120545#China", "title": "259 BC", "revid": 1073120545, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -249, "year_label": "250 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin general Meng Ao captures the Han cities of Chenggao and Xingyang, thereby establishing the Sanchuan Commandery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278897656#China", "title": "250 BC", "revid": 1278897656, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -243, "year_label": "244 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qin general Meng Ao annexes 13 cities from the State of Han.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370482239#China", "title": "244 BC", "revid": 1370482239, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -240, "year_label": "241 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Five of the seven major warring states: Chu, Zhao, Wei, Yan, and Han, form an alliance to fight the rising power of Qin. King Kaolie of Chu is named the leader of the alliance, and Lord Chunshen the military commander, with Pang Nuan of Zhao also serving as a general. The coalition penetrates as far as the Qin town of Zui, west of the strategic Hangu Pass and in the Qin heartland of Guanzhong, but they are defeated. Afterwards, Chu moves its capital east to Shouchun, further away from the threat of Qin. Qin counterattacks, sacking the Wei city of Chaoge.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1304843215#China", "title": "241 BC", "revid": 1304843215, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -238, "year_label": "239 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Huanhui of Han, Chinese king of the Han State", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1212004865#Deaths", "title": "239 BC", "revid": 1212004865, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -231, "year_label": "232 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The king of Qin, Ying Zheng, invites Prince Han Fei, a legalist philosopher and member of the Han royal family, to the Qin court. However, at the instigation of Li Si, he then has him imprisoned and executed as a threat to the state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319908071#China", "title": "232 BC", "revid": 1319908071, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -208, "year_label": "209 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The rebels restore the monarchies of Chu, Qi, Yan, Zhao, Wei and (in 208) Han.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115697#China", "title": "209 BC", "revid": 1300115697, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}]}