{"slug": "halifax-nova-scotia", "label": "Halifax, Nova Scotia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax%2C_Nova_Scotia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2141", "qid": "Q2141", "description": "municipality in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada", "entries": 28, "years": 19, "span": [1749, 1996], "span_label": ["1749 CE", "1996 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 10}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 6}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["City of Halifax", "Halifax (former city)", "Halifax (former city), Nova Scotia", "Halifax Regional Municipality", "Halifax Urban Area"], "related": [{"slug": "nova-scotia", "label": "Nova Scotia", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "canada", "label": "Canada", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "royal-navy", "label": "Royal Navy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "boston", "label": "Boston", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "quebec", "label": "Quebec", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "liverpool", "label": "Liverpool", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "cunard-line", "label": "Cunard Line", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mi-kmaq", "label": "Mi'kmaq", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "philadelphia", "label": "Philadelphia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "north-america", "label": "North America", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-york-state", "label": "New York (state)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "atlantic-ocean", "label": "Atlantic Ocean", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1749, "year_label": "1749 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Halifax, capital of Nova Scotia, is founded by British General Edward Cornwallis to counter French presence at Louisbourg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349953711#Events", "title": "1749 in Canada", "revid": 1349953711, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1749, "year_label": "1749 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 9", "text": "July 9 – The British naval fort at Halifax is founded on mainland Nova Scotia as a defense against the New France Fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island, less than 100 mi away.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360727483#July–September", "title": "1749", "revid": 1360727483, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1749, "year_label": "1749 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 9", "text": "9 July – British settlement of Halifax, Nova Scotia is founded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332940852#Events", "title": "1749 in Great Britain", "revid": 1332940852, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1749, "year_label": "1749 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 23", "text": "September 23 – Grand Chief Jean-Baptiste Cope, of the Miꞌkmaq Indian nation in Canada, declares war against the British Empire after the building of the fort at Halifax, Nova Scotia and begins hostilities by taking 20 British hostages at Canso.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360727483#July–September", "title": "1749", "revid": 1360727483, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1750, "year_label": "1750 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "German immigrants begin to arrive in numbers at Halifax.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349953743#Events", "title": "1750 in Canada", "revid": 1349953743, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1750, "year_label": "1750 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – Halifax, Nova Scotia is almost completely destroyed by fire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349828876#July–September", "title": "1750", "revid": 1349828876, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1755, "year_label": "1755 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – The decision to deport the Acadians is made, during meetings of the Nova Scotia Council meeting in Halifax. From September 1755-June 1763, the vast majority of Acadians are deported to one of the following British Colonies in America: Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Contrary to popular belief, no Acadians are sent to Louisiana. Those sent to Virginia are refused and then sent on to Liverpool, Bristol, Southampton and Penryn in England. In 1758 the Fortress of Louisbourg falls and all of the civilian population of Isle Royal (Cape Breton Island) and Isle St. Jean (Prince Edward Island) are repatriated to France. Among them were several thousand Acadians, who had escaped the deportation by fleeing into those areas. Very few Acadians successfully escape the deportation and do so only by fleeing into some of the northern sections of present day New Brunswick. The event inspires Longfellow to write the epic poem Evangeline.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360194188#July–September", "title": "1755", "revid": 1360194188, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1759, "year_label": "1759 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – After arriving at Canada, the Royal Navy fleet sails out of British-controlled Halifax toward the St. Lawrence River to prepare the invasion of French Quebec.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354612770#April–June", "title": "1759", "revid": 1354612770, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1761, "year_label": "1761 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Halifax Treaties are concluded between the various bands of the Miꞌkmaq, other First Nations people and the British in Halifax, Nova Scotia, notably in the Burying the Hatchet ceremony on June 25.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369831762#Date_unknown", "title": "1761", "revid": 1369831762, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1797, "year_label": "1797 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – (or November 23?) – British Royal Navy frigate HMS Tribune is wrecked on the approaches to Halifax, Nova Scotia; of the 240 on board, all but 12 are lost.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310974#October–December", "title": "1797", "revid": 1368310974, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1797, "year_label": "1797 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 16", "text": "16 November (or 23 November?) – Royal Navy frigate HMS Tribune is wrecked on the approaches to Halifax, Nova Scotia; of the 240 on board, all but 12 are lost.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337345880#Events", "title": "1797 in Great Britain", "revid": 1337345880, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1802, "year_label": "1802 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Saint Mary's University is founded at Halifax.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371845902#Events", "title": "1802 in Canada", "revid": 1371845902, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Halifax and St. John's are made free ports.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349956130#Full_date_unknown", "title": "1818 in Canada", "revid": 1349956130, "section": "Events › Full date unknown"}}, {"year": 1833, "year_label": "1833 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Royal William, formerly operating between Quebec and Halifax, becomes first steamship to cross Atlantic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349956559#Events", "title": "1833 in Canada", "revid": 1349956559, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1835, "year_label": "1835 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Joseph Howe, a Halifax printer and owner since 1828 of the weekly Novascotian, is arrested for libel but successfully argues his own case for freedom of the press. A local hero, he begins advocating the kind of responsible government that is only established in 1848.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349956626#Full_date_unknown", "title": "1835 in Canada", "revid": 1349956626, "section": "Events › Full date unknown"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – The Cunard Line's 700-ton wooden paddlewheel steamer RMS Britannia departs from Liverpool, bound for Halifax, Nova Scotia, on the first steam transatlantic passenger mail service.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360387586#July–September", "title": "1840", "revid": 1360387586, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 4", "text": "4 July – the Cunard Line's 700-ton wooden paddle steamer RMS Britannia, launched by Robert Duncan & Company at Greenock on 5 February, departs from Liverpool bound for Halifax, Nova Scotia, on the first steam transatlantic passenger mail service. Scottish marine engineer Robert Napier is a major partner in the venture and has supplied the ship's engine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353739577#Events", "title": "1840 in Scotland", "revid": 1353739577, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1845, "year_label": "1845 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Halifax native Samuel Cunard chooses Boston as the western terminus for his steamships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349956932#Events", "title": "1845 in Canada", "revid": 1349956932, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1870, "year_label": "1870 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 28", "text": "January 28 – British SS City of Boston departs Halifax, Nova Scotia, on a transatlantic passage with 191 people aboard and is lost with all hands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362496807#January", "title": "1870", "revid": 1362496807, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1870, "year_label": "1870 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 28", "text": "28 January – Inman Line's SS City of Boston departs Halifax, Nova Scotia, on a passage for Liverpool on which it will be lost with all 191 aboard.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275822902#Events", "title": "1870 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1275822902, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1886, "year_label": "1886 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June", "text": "1-30 June - Numerous Norwegian emigrants arrived in North American ports aboard transatlantic steamships, including New York, Quebec, Boston, Philadelphia, and Halifax.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305991696#June", "title": "1886 in Norway", "revid": 1305991696, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1917, "year_label": "1917 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 6", "text": "December 6 – Halifax Explosion: Two freighters collide in Halifax Harbour at Halifax, Nova Scotia, and cause a huge explosion that kills at least 1,963 people, injures 9,000 and destroys part of the city (the biggest man-made explosion in recorded history until the Trinity nuclear test in 1945).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519608#December", "title": "1917", "revid": 1373519608, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 7", "text": "October 7 – WWII: British Royal Navy cruiser HMS Emerald departs Plymouth in convoy for Halifax, Nova Scotia, carrying £2M in gold bar to be used for purchase of military materiel in North America, a predecessor of Operation Fish.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#October", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – WWII: Operation Fish – British Royal Navy cruiser HMS Emerald sails from Greenock (Scotland) in convoy for Halifax, Nova Scotia (arriving July 1), carrying a large part of the gold reserves of the United Kingdom and securities for safe keeping in Canada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#June", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 24", "text": "24 June–1 July – World War II: Operation Fish – Royal Navy cruiser HMS Emerald sailed from Greenock in convoy to Halifax, Nova Scotia, carrying a large part of the gold reserves of the United Kingdom and securities for safe keeping in Canada. Another convoy set sail on 5 July from the Clyde, including HMS Batory, carrying cargo worth $1.7 billion, the largest movement of wealth in history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362260903#Events", "title": "1940 in Scotland", "revid": 1362260903, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – WWII: Operation Fish – A British convoy including HMS Batory sails from Greenock (Scotland) for Halifax, Nova Scotia, carrying gold bar and other valuables worth $1.7 billion for safe keeping in Canada, the largest movement of wealth in history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#July", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1950, "year_label": "1950 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 29", "text": "May 29 – St. Roch, the first ship to circumnavigate North America, arrives in Halifax, Nova Scotia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371638577#May", "title": "1950", "revid": 1371638577, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1996, "year_label": "1996 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 – The Halifax Regional Municipality encompassing the City of Halifax, the City of Dartmouth, the Town of Bedford, and the Municipality of the County of Halifax is formed in Nova Scotia, Canada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371596794#April", "title": "1996", "revid": 1371596794, "section": "Events › April"}}]}