{"slug": "gulf-of-finland", "label": "Gulf of Finland", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14686", "qid": "Q14686", "description": "arm of the Baltic Sea", "entries": 9, "years": 9, "span": [1240, 2005], "span_label": ["1240 CE", "2005 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": [], "related": [{"slug": "estonia", "label": "Estonia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "finland", "label": "Finland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tallinn", "label": "Tallinn", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "novgorod-republic", "label": "Novgorod Republic", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "old-style-and-new-style-dates", "label": "Old Style and New Style dates", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bolsheviks", "label": "Bolsheviks", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hanseatic-league", "label": "Hanseatic League", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "history-of-sweden-8001521", "label": "History of Sweden (800–1521)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "veliky-novgorod", "label": "Veliky Novgorod", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alexander-nevsky", "label": "Alexander Nevsky", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1240, "year_label": "1240 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 15", "text": "July 15 – Battle of the Neva: A Swedish army under Bishop Thomas sails up the Gulf of Finland in their longboats. They proceed into the Neva River with the aim of seizing control over Lake Ladoga and from there, striking at the city of Novgorod. Prince Alexander rallies his druzhina comparable to the 'household' of western European countries, and decisively routs the Swedish forces, saving the Novgorod Republic from a full-scale enemy invasion from the North. As a result, Alexander wins his first military victory at the age of 19 and receives the title of 'Nevsky'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428406#Europe", "title": "1240", "revid": 1361428406, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1323, "year_label": "1323 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 12", "text": "August 12 – Treaty of Nöteborg: Sweden signs a peace treaty with the Novgorod Republic, regulating the border (known as Finland today) for the first time. The treaty is negotiated with the help of the Hanseatic League in order to conclude the conflict over the control of the Gulf of Finland during the Swedish-Novgorodian Wars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018212#July_–_September", "title": "1323", "revid": 1332018212, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1789, "year_label": "1789 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – The first naval battle of the Svensksund begins in the Gulf of Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818853#July–September", "title": "1789", "revid": 1368818853, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 (September 10 O.S.) – Russian ship of the line Lefort sinks in the Gulf of Finland during a sudden squall with the loss of 826 lives; 30 other ships are wrecked in the same storm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366379985#July–September", "title": "1857", "revid": 1366379985, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – Russian monitor Rusalka sinks in a storm in the Gulf of Finland, with the loss of all 177 crew; her hulk is eventually discovered in 2003 off Helsinki.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369946190#September", "title": "1893", "revid": 1369946190, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 19", "text": "February 19–25 – WWI: The Imperial Russian Navy evacuates Tallinn through thick ice, over the Gulf of Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#February", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1919, "year_label": "1919 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 15", "text": "15 July – Naval sloops HMS Gentian and HMS Myrtle sunk by mines in the Gulf of Finland while assisting Estonia against the Bolsheviks, with nine crew lost.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373378930#Events", "title": "1919 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1373378930, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 16", "text": "16 April: The Helsingin Sanomat reports that in late March, a RITEG-beacon was disassembled by thieves in Kurgolovo, Russia, who dumped the highly radioactive nuclear material into the Gulf of Finland, 100 km south of Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368348084#Events", "title": "2003 in Finland", "revid": 1368348084, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 2005, "year_label": "2005 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 10", "text": "10 August – A Sikorsky S-76 helicopter of the Finnish company Copterline has crashed into the Gulf of Finland near Estonia's capital Tallinn with 14 on board; eight Finns, four Estonians and two Americans. There are no survivors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368628700#Events", "title": "2005 in Finland", "revid": 1368628700, "section": "Events"}}]}