{"slug": "glasgow", "label": "Glasgow", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4093", "qid": "Q4093", "description": "city in Scotland, United Kingdom", "entries": 43, "years": 40, "span": [1134, 2021], "span_label": ["1134 CE", "2021 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 8}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 7}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 5}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 4}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Glaswegians", "West End of Glasgow"], "related": [{"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "association-football", "label": "Association football", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "palace-of-westminster", "label": "Palace of Westminster", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "william-wallace", "label": "William Wallace", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "may", "label": "May", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edinburgh", "label": "Edinburgh", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cunard-line", "label": "Cunard Line", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "real-madrid-cf", "label": "Real Madrid CF", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1134, "year_label": "1134 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Church of St. James is dedicated in Glasgow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321069056#Religion", "title": "1134", "revid": 1321069056, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1305, "year_label": "1305 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 3", "text": "August 3 – William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader and knight, is captured near Glasgow at Robroyston, by English troops led by John de Menteith. He is transported to London and led, crowned mockingly with laurel, in procession to Westminster Hall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1297125288#July_–_September", "title": "1305", "revid": 1297125288, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1591, "year_label": "1591 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 3", "text": "3 April – Brian O'Rourke is arrested in Glasgow and delivered to the English.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1294797948#Events", "title": "1591 in Ireland", "revid": 1294797948, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1749, "year_label": "1749 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – A \"corpse riot\" breaks out in Glasgow after a body disappears from a churchyard in the Gorbals district. Suspicion falls on anatomy students at the Glasgow Infirmary \"had raised a dead body from the grave and carried it to the college\" for dissection. The city guard intervenes after a mob of protesters begins breaking windows at random buildings, but groups of citizens begin to make regular patrols of church graveyards", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360727483#January–March", "title": "1749", "revid": 1360727483, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1749, "year_label": "1749 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – A fire in Glasgow leaves 200 families homeless.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360727483#April–June", "title": "1749", "revid": 1360727483, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1763, "year_label": "1763 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 26", "text": "26 June – stagecoach service between Glasgow and Greenock initiated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362254146#Events", "title": "1763 in Scotland", "revid": 1362254146, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1769, "year_label": "1769 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "John Maxwell (of Dargavel) begins to practice as a lawyer in Glasgow, origin of McGrigors which continues as an independent firm until 2012.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362254161#Events", "title": "1769 in Scotland", "revid": 1362254161, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January 1", "text": "1 January – Glasgow Chamber of Commerce is founded by Patrick Colquhoun – the first in Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355084238#Events", "title": "1783 in Great Britain", "revid": 1355084238, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 12", "text": "12 July (The Twelfth) – first Protestant Orange march in Scotland held in Glasgow, attracting hostile Catholic crowds.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362254376#Events", "title": "1812 in Scotland", "revid": 1362254376, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "A typhus epidemic occurs in Edinburgh and Glasgow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360260504#Date_unknown", "title": "1817", "revid": 1360260504, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "September 18", "text": "18 September – the original Theatre Royal in Glasgow becomes the first theatre in Scotland to be lit by gas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353739319#The_arts", "title": "1818 in Scotland", "revid": 1353739319, "section": "The arts"}}, {"year": 1819, "year_label": "1819 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The publisher Collins is founded as a printer of religious literature in Glasgow by William Collins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362254423#Events", "title": "1819 in Scotland", "revid": 1362254423, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1834, "year_label": "1834 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March", "text": "March – John Scott Russell's Scottish Steam Carriage Company begins operating a regular passenger service in west central Scotland on the open road between Glasgow and Paisley, Renfrewshire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360367111#January–March", "title": "1834", "revid": 1360367111, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "March 2", "text": "2 March – Clydesdale Bank founded in Glasgow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362254569#Events", "title": "1838 in Scotland", "revid": 1362254569, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1849, "year_label": "1849 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The drapers' store of Arthur & Fraser, predecessor of the House of Fraser, is established in Glasgow by Hugh Fraser and James Arthur.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362254634#Events", "title": "1849 in Scotland", "revid": 1362254634, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Joseph Lister begins to experiment with antiseptic surgery in Glasgow using carbolic acid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353739865#Events", "title": "1865 in Scotland", "revid": 1353739865, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1872, "year_label": "1872 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May", "text": "May – Rangers F.C., founded in March as an Association football club in Glasgow (Scotland) by brothers Moses and Peter McNeil, Peter Campbell and William McBeath, play their first ever game on the public pitches of Glasgow Green, a 0 to 0 draw against Callander.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371307490#May", "title": "1872", "revid": 1371307490, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1873, "year_label": "1873 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 2", "text": "October 2 – The British ship SS Ismailia, an Anchor Line steamer that departed from New York on September 30 with 52 people disappears while en route to Glasgow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370305657#October", "title": "1873", "revid": 1370305657, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1881, "year_label": "1881 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March 12", "text": "12 March – Andrew Watson of Glasgow's Queen's Park F.C. (from a mixed Scottish/British Guianese background) captains the Scotland national football team in a 6–1 victory against England, becoming the world's first mixed race international Association football player.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853557#Events", "title": "1881 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1359853557, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1882, "year_label": "1882 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June", "text": "St Andrew's Ambulance Association is founded in Glasgow, Scotland; St. John Ambulance Canada is also founded this year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360586433#June", "title": "1882", "revid": 1360586433, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1883, "year_label": "1883 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 3", "text": "July 3 – The SS Daphne sinks on launch in Glasgow, Scotland, leaving 124 dead.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366127181#July", "title": "1883", "revid": 1366127181, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1883, "year_label": "1883 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – The Boys' Brigade (the first uniformed youth organization in existence) is founded in Glasgow, Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366127181#October", "title": "1883", "revid": 1366127181, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1885, "year_label": "1885 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 14", "text": "14 March Scotland 8–2 Ireland (in Glasgow)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363469152#Football", "title": "1885 in Ireland", "revid": 1363469152, "section": "Sport › Football"}}, {"year": 1887, "year_label": "1887 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – The Association football club Celtic F.C. is formed in Glasgow, Scotland, by Irish Marist Brother Walfrid, to help alleviate poverty in the city's East End by raising money for his charity, the 'Poor Children's Dinner Table'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363052310#November", "title": "1887", "revid": 1363052310, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1888, "year_label": "1888 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – The International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry in Kelvingrove Park, Glasgow opens (continues to November).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679419#May", "title": "1888", "revid": 1372679419, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1897, "year_label": "1897 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 27", "text": "27 March Scotland 5–1 Ireland (in Glasgow)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247383895#Football", "title": "1897 in Ireland", "revid": 1247383895, "section": "Sport › Football"}}, {"year": 1900, "year_label": "1900 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Charles Rennie Mackintosh designs the White Dining Room for Catherine Cranston's tearooms in Ingram Street, Glasgow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357984890#Events", "title": "1900 in Scotland", "revid": 1357984890, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 5", "text": "5 April – The original Ibrox disaster: a stand at Ibrox Stadium in Glasgow collapses during an England versus Scotland football match. 25 people die and 517 are injured.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362254910#Events", "title": "1902 in Scotland", "revid": 1362254910, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 5", "text": "5 April – the first Ibrox disaster: a stand at Ibrox Stadium in Glasgow collapses during an England versus Scotland football match. 25 people die and 517 are injured.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364563738#Events", "title": "1902 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1364563738, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1906, "year_label": "1906 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 7", "text": "June 7 – Cunard liner RMS Lusitania is launched in Glasgow, as the world's largest ship.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373343237#May–June", "title": "1906", "revid": 1373343237, "section": "Events › May–June"}}, {"year": 1908, "year_label": "1908 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "St Mary's Episcopal Church in Glasgow is raised to the status of St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow, within the Scottish Episcopal Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362254941#Events", "title": "1908 in Scotland", "revid": 1362254941, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1909, "year_label": "1909 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 17", "text": "17 April – 58 police officers and sixty other people are injured as 6,000 fans invade the pitch and brawl with rival fans and the police at the end of the drawn Scottish Cup Final replay between Rangers and Celtic at Hampden Park, Glasgow. The 1909 Scottish Cup and all medals are withheld.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353740375#Events", "title": "1909 in Scotland", "revid": 1353740375, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1920, "year_label": "1920 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 13", "text": "13 March – Scotland 3–0 Ireland (in Glasgow).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363476777#Association_football", "title": "1920 in Ireland", "revid": 1363476777, "section": "Sport › Association football"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 26", "text": "26 September – first contingent of the National Hunger March leaves Glasgow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362255179#Events", "title": "1932 in Scotland", "revid": 1362255179, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1937, "year_label": "1937 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "April 17", "text": "17 April – A crowd of 149,415 spectators officially (and at least 20,000 more unofficially) watch the Scotland national football team defeat England 3-1 at Hampden Park, Glasgow, an all-time European record for an international match.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362260863#Events", "title": "1937 in Scotland", "revid": 1362260863, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1938, "year_label": "1938 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 16", "text": "16 March – Belfast Harbour Airport at Sydenham is opened, with the inaugural commercial flight to Glasgow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1258394543#Events", "title": "1938 in Northern Ireland", "revid": 1258394543, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1943, "year_label": "1943 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 19", "text": "19 June – Jackie Paterson wins the world flyweight boxing title by a knockout in the first minute at Hampden Park in Glasgow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362260982#Events", "title": "1943 in Scotland", "revid": 1362260982, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – Real Madrid beat Eintracht Frankfurt 7–3 at Hampden Park, Glasgow, and win the 1959–60 European Cup in Association football, their 5th successive victory in the competition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#May", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1964, "year_label": "1964 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 16", "text": "April 16 – In the Assize Court at Buckingham, England, sentences totalling 307 years are passed on twelve men who stole £2,600,000 in used bank notes, after holding up the night train from Glasgow to London in August 1963 – a heist that becomes known as the Great Train Robbery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371069587#April", "title": "1964", "revid": 1371069587, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Glasgow begins its year as European Capital of Culture.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#January", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2013, "year_label": "2013 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – A police helicopter crashes into The Clutha, a pub in Glasgow, Scotland, killing 10 people and injuring 31.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373160550#November", "title": "2013", "revid": 1373160550, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2014, "year_label": "2014 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23–August 3 – The 2014 Commonwealth Games takes place in Glasgow, Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373534475#July", "title": "2014", "revid": 1373534475, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "October 31", "text": "October 31–November 13 – The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference is held in Glasgow, after being postponed in 2020 due to COVID-19. A deal is agreed by world leaders, which includes a \"phasedown\" of unabated coal power, a 30% cut in methane emissions by 2030, plans for a halt to deforestation by 2030, and increased financial support for developing countries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#October", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › October"}}]}