{"slug": "gdansk", "label": "Gdańsk", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792", "qid": "Q1792", "description": "city and capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship on the Baltic coast of northern Poland", "entries": 14, "years": 14, "span": [997, 1980], "span_label": ["997 CE", "1980 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Danzig"], "related": [{"slug": "teutonic-order", "label": "Teutonic Order", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "baltic-sea", "label": "Baltic Sea", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "poland", "label": "Poland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "greater-poland", "label": "Greater Poland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gniezno", "label": "Gniezno", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pomerania", "label": "Pomerania", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wadysaw-i-okietek", "label": "Władysław I Łokietek", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lithuania", "label": "Lithuania", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gotland", "label": "Gotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "torun", "label": "Toruń", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "polishlithuanian-commonwealth", "label": "Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "valdemar-ii-of-denmark", "label": "Valdemar II of Denmark", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 997, "year_label": "997 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The first documented reference of Gdańsk is made by Adalbert. During his mission he baptises the inhabitants of the city called Gyddannyzc.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468397#Religion", "title": "997", "revid": 1364468397, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1210, "year_label": "1210 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – Eric X is crowned – which is the first known coronation of a Swedish king. He strengthens his relationship with his brother-in-law, King Valdemar II of Denmark (\"the Conqueror\"). Shortly after, Valdemar conquers Danzig (modern-day Gdańsk) on the Baltic coast, and Eastern Pomerania from the Slavonic Wends.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321284058#Europe", "title": "1210", "revid": 1321284058, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1295, "year_label": "1295 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Przemysł II is crowned king of Poland at Gniezno, the first coronation of a Polish ruler in 219 years. Przemysł travels to Pomerelia where he confirms the privileges of the monasteries in Oliwa and Żarnowiec. He also visits other major cities: Gdańsk, Tczew and Świecie. In August, Przemysł returns to Greater Poland but in October he travels again to Gdańsk.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368220335#Europe", "title": "1295", "revid": 1368220335, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1308, "year_label": "1308 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – The Teutonic Knights capture Gdańsk by treachery – while a Brandenburger force of 100 knights and 200 followers led by Heinrich von Plötzke and Günther von Schwarzburg lay siege to the city. The garrison of Gdańsk castle is too weak to defend itself against the Brandenburgers. Meanwhile, the Polish ruler of Gdańsk Pomerania, Władysław I Łokietek (\"Wladyslaw the Elbow-High\"), is unable to send reinforcements. The citizens call upon the Teutonic Knights for military help and offer to pay their costs. The arrival of the knights, lead the Brandenburgers to beat a hasty retreat. In an act of supreme treachery, the Teutonic Knights attack the city they have come to save. The houses of both Polish and German are burnt and destroyed. Many people are slaughtered without mercy, including women and children who have sought sanctuary in churches. Within a year, the German Crusaders occupy the whole of Eastern Pomerania and consolidate their power at the Baltic Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367315343#October_–_December", "title": "1308", "revid": 1367315343, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1398, "year_label": "1398 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – The Teutonic Knights resume their attack on Lithuania as a fleet of 84 ships, 4,000 men and 400 horses departs from Danzig toward Gotland, and arrive on March 21.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372737#January–March", "title": "1398", "revid": 1370372737, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1440, "year_label": "1440 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – The Prussian Confederation is proposed as an opposition to the Teutonic Knights at a meeting in Elbing by nobles from the cities of Culm, Elbing, Thorn, Danzig, Braunsberg, Königsberg, and Kneiphof. The delegates agree to hold a larger meeting on March 14 at Marienwerder.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343605568#January–March", "title": "1440", "revid": 1343605568, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1454, "year_label": "1454 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – In Poland, the landholders and bishops of Elbing (now Elbląg) pledge allegiance to King Casimir IV, and Danzig (now Gdańsk) follows on June 16.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367365323#April–June", "title": "1454", "revid": 1367365323, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1457, "year_label": "1457 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – The city of Danzig (now Gdańsk) is granted full autonomy by King Casimir IV of Poland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359845780#April–June", "title": "1457", "revid": 1359845780, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1540, "year_label": "1540 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Georg Joachim Rheticus publishes De libris revolutionum Copernici narratio prima in Danzig, an abstract of Copernicus' as yet unpublished De revolutionibus orbium coelestium.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494590#Date_unknown", "title": "1540", "revid": 1366494590, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1577, "year_label": "1577 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – Battle of Lubieszów: General Jan Zborowski leads the army of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the catastrophic defeat of most of Jan Winkelbruch's 12,000 rebels and mercenaries from the Commonwealth's richest city, Danzig, killing 4,420 of the men and capturing another 5,000 as prisoners. Only 88 of Zborowski's 2,500 troops are killed. The Danzig Rebellion ends at the end of the year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361323001#April–June", "title": "1577", "revid": 1361323001, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1598, "year_label": "1598 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, departs from Danzig (now Gdańsk) with 80 transports, several warships and exiled members of the Swedish parliament to invade Sweden. The troops land at Kalmar on July 31, and secure its surrender.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769896#July–September", "title": "1598", "revid": 1372769896, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1623, "year_label": "1623 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sweden places a blockade on Danzig in fear of it being used for a Polish attack on Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334798878#Events", "title": "1623 in Sweden", "revid": 1334798878, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1682, "year_label": "1682 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "August 23", "text": "August 23 – A comet that will later become known as Comet Halley, is observed from several locations on Earth after reaching magnitude 2 and becoming visible to the naked eye. Arthur Storer sees it from the North American colony of Maryland, while German astronomer Johannes Hevelius measures it from Danzig (now Gdansk in Poland). Edmond Halley successfully predicts that it will return in 1758.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560956#July–September", "title": "1682", "revid": 1369560956, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1980, "year_label": "1980 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – After weeks of strikes at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk, Poland, the nationwide independent trade union Solidarity is established.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363797378#September", "title": "1980", "revid": 1363797378, "section": "Events › September"}}]}