{"slug": "french-wars-of-religion", "label": "French Wars of Religion", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673175", "qid": "Q673175", "description": "religious and military conflicts between Protestants and Catholics in France from 1562 to 1598", "entries": 21, "years": 14, "span": [1562, 1598], "span_label": ["1562 CE", "1598 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}], "also_known_as": ["Fifth War of Religion", "Fourth War of Religion", "Sixth War of Religion", "Third War of Religion"], "related": [{"slug": "huguenots", "label": "Huguenots", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "louis-i-prince-of-conde", "label": "Louis I, Prince of Condé", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "charles-ix-of-france", "label": "Charles IX of France", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "gaspard-ii-de-coligny", "label": "Gaspard II de Coligny", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "henry-iii-of-france", "label": "Henry III of France", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "henry-iv-of-france", "label": "Henry IV of France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "catherine-de-medici", "label": "Catherine de' Medici", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "orleans", "label": "Orléans", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "february", "label": "February", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-catholic-church", "label": "Roman Catholic Church", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "le-havre", "label": "Le Havre", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1562, "year_label": "1562 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 1", "text": "1 March – An army led by François de Lorraine, Duke of Guise carries out the Massacre of Vassy, killing 50 and injuring hundreds of Protestants, starting the French Wars of Religion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353736616#Events", "title": "1562 in France", "revid": 1353736616, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1562, "year_label": "1562 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 2", "text": "April 2 – Civil war breaks out in the Kingdom of France as Louis I, Prince of Condé, leader of the Protestant Huguenots, declares war against the French Catholic rulers, in retaliation for the March 1 massacre of Vassy. Condé and Gaspard de Coligny seize control of Orléans, and other uprisings follow throughout France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000458#April–June", "title": "1562", "revid": 1362000458, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1563, "year_label": "1563 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 19", "text": "March 19 – The Edict of Amboise is signed at the Château d'Amboise by Catherine de' Medici, acting as regent for her son Charles IX of France, having been negotiated between the Huguenot Louis I, Prince of Condé, and Anne, duc de Montmorency, Constable of France. It accords some toleration to the Huguenots, especially to aristocrats. It officially ends the first phase of the French Wars of Religion, and the combined Huguenot and royal armies then march north to besiege the English in Le Havre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164885#January–March", "title": "1563", "revid": 1369164885, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1563, "year_label": "1563 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 19", "text": "March 19 – Edict of Amboise is signed at the Château d'Amboise by Catherine de' Medici, acting as regent for her son Charles IX of France, having been negotiated between the Huguenot Louis, Prince of Condé, and Anne, duc de Montmorency, Constable of France, according some toleration to Huguenots, especially to aristocrats; this officially ends the first phase of the French Wars of Religion, and the combined Huguenot and royal armies then march north to besiege the English in Le Havre", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353736630#Events", "title": "1563 in France", "revid": 1353736630, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1568, "year_label": "1568 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – The Third War of Religion begins in France, after an unsuccessful attempt by the Royalists to capture Louis I, Prince of Condé and Gaspard II de Coligny, the Huguenot leaders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362476556#July–September", "title": "1568", "revid": 1362476556, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1570, "year_label": "1570 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 - King Charles IX signs the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, ending the third war of the French wars of religion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360295318#Events", "title": "1570 in France", "revid": 1360295318, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1570, "year_label": "1570 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – The Peace of Saint-Germain ends the Third War of Religion in France. Again, the Huguenots are promised religious freedom and political autonomy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362475955#July–September", "title": "1570", "revid": 1362475955, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1572, "year_label": "1572 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – St. Bartholomew's Day massacre: Catholics in Paris murder thousands of Protestants, including Gaspard de Coligny and Petrus Ramus, at the order of King Charles IX, with Catherine de Medici's connivance. Henry of Navarre and the Prince of Condé barely escape the same fate. This brings about the Fourth War of Religion in France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370792520#July–September", "title": "1572", "revid": 1370792520, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1573, "year_label": "1573 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 11", "text": "February 11 – Fourth War of Religion: France's Marshal Henri de Montmorency, begins the Siege of Sommières in southern France. The Huguenots, French Protestants, hold out for almost two months against Montmorency's Catholic troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656331#January–March", "title": "1573", "revid": 1366656331, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1573, "year_label": "1573 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – The Edict of Boulogne is signed by Charles IX of France, granting limited rights to Huguenots, and ending the Fourth War of Religion in France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656331#July–September", "title": "1573", "revid": 1366656331, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1574, "year_label": "1574 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February", "text": "February – The fifth War of Religion against the Huguenots begins in France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368294863#January–March", "title": "1574", "revid": 1368294863, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1574, "year_label": "1574 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – The fifth War of Religion against the Huguenots begins in France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353736711#Events", "title": "1574 in France", "revid": 1353736711, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1576, "year_label": "1576 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – The Edict of Beaulieu, negotiated by Monsieur Francois, Duke of Anjou and brother of King Henry III of France, ends the Fifth War of Religion. By the terms of the \"Peace of Monsieur\" that led to agreement on the Edict, freedom of worship is granted again to the Protestant Hugueonots.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362635528#April–June", "title": "1576", "revid": 1362635528, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1576, "year_label": "1576 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 22", "text": "December 22 – Representatives of the clergy of the First Estate join the Second vote in favor of outlawing Protestantism. By January, the Edict of Beaulieu fails and the Sixth War of Religion begins later in 1577.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362635528#October–December", "title": "1576", "revid": 1362635528, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1577, "year_label": "1577 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – La Charite falls to the besieging royal army followed by Issoire a month later, as part of the King's offensive against the Huguenots in the Sixth War of Religion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360295321#Events", "title": "1577 in France", "revid": 1360295321, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1585, "year_label": "1585 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – The Treaty of Nemours forces King Henry III of France to capitulate to the demands of the Catholic League, triggering the Eighth War of Religion (also known as the War of the Three Henrys) in France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365931198#July–September", "title": "1585", "revid": 1365931198, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1585, "year_label": "1585 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – The Treaty of Nemours is signed, which forces Henry III of France to capitulate to the demands of the Catholic League (founded 1576) which triggers the Eighth War of Religion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360664258#Events", "title": "1585 in France", "revid": 1360664258, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1593, "year_label": "1593 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – Wars of Religion: Battle of Port-Ringeard – Royal army is victorious over the League.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353736861#January–June", "title": "1593 in France", "revid": 1353736861, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1595, "year_label": "1595 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – During the French Wars of Religion, King Henry IV of France declares war on Spain, ordering Henry, Duke of Bouillon to lead armies through Luxembourg for an attack on the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339059002#January–March", "title": "1595", "revid": 1339059002, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1597, "year_label": "1597 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 - The French city of Amiens falls to Spanish tropes in a surprise attack by a small force disguised as peasants. This event is in the context of the French Wars of Religion and the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353765212#Events", "title": "1597 in France", "revid": 1353765212, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1598, "year_label": "1598 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – Edict of Nantes (promulgated April 30): Henry IV of France grants French Huguenots equal rights with Catholics; this is considered the end of the French Wars of Religion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769896#April–June", "title": "1598", "revid": 1372769896, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}