{"slug": "french-third-republic", "label": "French Third Republic", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Third_Republic", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70802", "qid": "Q70802", "description": "nation of France from 1870 to 1940", "entries": 28, "years": 17, "span": [1870, 1940], "span_label": ["1870 CE", "1940 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 14}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Third French Republic"], "related": [{"slug": "russian-empire", "label": "Russian Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-ireland", "label": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "german-empire", "label": "German Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy", "label": "Kingdom of Italy", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "empire-of-japan", "label": "Empire of Japan", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bosporus", "label": "Bosporus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edward-vii", "label": "Edward VII", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "damascus", "label": "Damascus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "syria-region", "label": "Syria (region)", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1870, "year_label": "1870 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – Emperor Napoleon III of France is deposed and the Third Republic is declared. Empress Eugénie flees to England with her son.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362496807#September", "title": "1870", "revid": 1362496807, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1871, "year_label": "1871 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 – Battle of Dijon: Giuseppe Garibaldi's group of French and Italian volunteer troops, in support of the French Third Republic, win a battle against the Prussians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649173#January–March", "title": "1871", "revid": 1368649173, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1871, "year_label": "1871 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 8", "text": "February 8 – 1871 French legislative election elects the first legislature of the French Third Republic; monarchists (Legitimists and Orleanists) favourable to peace with the German Empire gain a large majority. The National Assembly meets in Bordeaux.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649173#January–March", "title": "1871", "revid": 1368649173, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1874, "year_label": "1874 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – France and Viet Nam sign the Second Treaty of Saigon, further recognizing the full sovereignty of France over Cochinchina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371979117#March", "title": "1874", "revid": 1371979117, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1894, "year_label": "1894 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – A military alliance is established between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369810485#January", "title": "1894", "revid": 1369810485, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1894, "year_label": "1894 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – Sante Geronimo Caserio, Italian anarchist and the assassin of Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of the French Third Republic (born 1873)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347835735#Deaths", "title": "1894 in Italy", "revid": 1347835735, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1897, "year_label": "1897 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – The French military governor of Madagascar, Joseph Gallieni, exiles Queen Ranavalona III to Réunion, abolishing the monarchy the next day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362850810#February", "title": "1897", "revid": 1362850810, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1906, "year_label": "1906 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16–April 7 – The Algeciras Conference convenes, to resolve the First Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373343237#January–February", "title": "1906", "revid": 1373343237, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1910, "year_label": "1910 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March", "text": "March – King Edward VII falls very ill with bronchitis in France, returning to London a few weeks later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360970675#Events", "title": "1910 in the United Kingdom", "revid": 1360970675, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1912, "year_label": "1912 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 30", "text": "March 30 – The French Third Republic establishes the French protectorate in Morocco by the Treaty of Fes with Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373503730#March", "title": "1912", "revid": 1373503730, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1913, "year_label": "1913 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 30", "text": "December 30 – Italy returns the Mona Lisa to France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373505613#December", "title": "1913", "revid": 1373505613, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – London Agreement: No member of the Triple Entente (Britain, France, or Russia) may seek a separate peace with the Central Powers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#September", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – Constantinople Agreement: Britain, France and the Russian Empire agree to give Constantinople (Istanbul) and the Bosphorus to Russia in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the Bolshevik Revolution).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#March", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – WWI – Second Battle of Artois: German and French forces fight to a standstill; German forces defeat the British at the Battle of Aubers Ridge.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#May", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25–October 14 – WWI: Battle of Loos – British forces take the French town of Loos, but with substantial casualties, and are unable to press their advantage. This is the first time the British use poison gas in World War I, and also their first large-scale use of 'New' (or Kitchener's Army) units.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#September", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1916, "year_label": "1916 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 16", "text": "May 16 – Britain and France conclude the secret Sykes–Picot Agreement, which is to divide Arab areas of the Ottoman Empire, following the conclusion of WWI and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, into French and British spheres of influence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519106#May", "title": "1916", "revid": 1373519106, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1916, "year_label": "1916 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 18", "text": "November 18 – WWI – Battle of the Somme: In France, British Expeditionary Force commander Douglas Haig calls off the battle, which started on July 1.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519106#November", "title": "1916", "revid": 1373519106, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1916, "year_label": "1916 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – WWI: The Battle of Verdun ends in France with German troops defeated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519106#December", "title": "1916", "revid": 1373519106, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1920, "year_label": "1920 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – Battle of Maysalun: The French defeat the Syrian army, whose leader Yusuf al-'Azma is killed. French troops occupy Damascus and depose Faisal I of Syria as king.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369258210#July", "title": "1920", "revid": 1369258210, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1921, "year_label": "1921 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 19", "text": "February 19 – The French Third Republic and Second Polish Republic form a defensive alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371086035#February", "title": "1921", "revid": 1371086035, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1921, "year_label": "1921 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – Cilicia Peace Treaty is signed between the French Third Republic and the Turkish National Movement in an attempt to end the Franco-Turkish War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371086035#March", "title": "1921", "revid": 1371086035, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1921, "year_label": "1921 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – Treaty of Ankara signed between the French Third Republic and the Government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, ending the Franco-Turkish War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371086035#October", "title": "1921", "revid": 1371086035, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1921, "year_label": "1921 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – In the Four-Power Treaty on Insular Possessions, Japan, the United States, United Kingdom, and France agree to recognize the status quo in the Pacific.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366308055#Events", "title": "1921 in Japan", "revid": 1366308055, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – The Five Power Naval Disarmament Treaty is signed between the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, France and Italy. Japan returns some of its control over the Shandong Peninsula to China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#February", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – Washington Naval Treaty signed between the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, France and Italy. Japan returns some of its control over the Shandong Peninsula to China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366308085#Events", "title": "1922 in Japan", "revid": 1366308085, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1934, "year_label": "1934 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – French political crisis: The French far-right leagues rally in front of the Palais Bourbon, in an attempted coup d'état against the Third Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372993239#January–February", "title": "1934", "revid": 1372993239, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 10", "text": "10 June – Count Ciano, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Italy, relays Italy's declaration of war to André François-Poncet, the French Ambassador to Italy, declaring war on both the United Kingdom and France. This begins Italy's participation in World War II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311086890#Events", "title": "1940 in Italy", "revid": 1311086890, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – WWII: Second Armistice at Compiègne: The French Third Republic and Nazi Germany sign an armistice, ending the Battle of France in the Forest of Compiègne, in the same Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits railroad car used by Marshal Ferdinand Foch to conclude the Armistice with Germany in 1918. This divides France into a Zone occupée in the north and west, under the Military Administration in France (Nazi Germany), and a southern Zone libre, Vichy France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#June", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › June"}}]}