{"slug": "frankfurt", "label": "Frankfurt", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1794", "qid": "Q1794", "description": "most populated city of Hesse, Germany", "entries": 41, "years": 38, "span": [794, 2009], "span_label": ["794 CE", "2009 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 10}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 8}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Frankfurt am Main", "Frankfurt, Germany", "Frankfurt-am-Main"], "related": [{"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "east-francia", "label": "East Francia", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "germany", "label": "Germany", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "carloman-of-bavaria", "label": "Carloman of Bavaria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-germany", "label": "Kingdom of Germany", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-the-fat", "label": "Charles the Fat", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "schmalkaldic-league", "label": "Schmalkaldic League", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "king-of-the-romans", "label": "King of the Romans", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "maximilian-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 794, "year_label": "794 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Council of Frankfurt: King Charlemagne calls for a church meeting of the Frankish realm. Bishops and priests from Francia, Aquitaine, Italy, and Provence are gathered in Franconofurd (modern-day Frankfurt am Main).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848638#Religion", "title": "794", "revid": 1340848638, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 794, "year_label": "794 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – Queen Fastrada, third wife of Charlemagne, dies in Frankfurt after 11 years of marriage. Charlemagne consoles himself with Luitgard, an Alemannian noblewoman, whom he marries and moves into his new palace at Aachen (Germany). Luitgard shares Charlemagne's interest in the liberal arts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848638#Europe", "title": "794", "revid": 1340848638, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 876, "year_label": "876 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28 – King Louis the German dies at Frankfurt, while preparing for war against his brother Charles II (\"the Bald\"), ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. The East Frankish Kingdom is divided among his three sons: Carloman receives Bavaria and styles himself \"King of Bavaria\". Louis the Younger receives Saxony (with Franconia and Thuringia), and Charles the Fat receives Swabia (with Raetia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070562#Europe", "title": "876", "revid": 1267070562, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 882, "year_label": "882 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – King Louis the Younger dies in Frankfurt. He leaves his territory to his younger brother, Emperor Charles the Fat, who becomes sole ruler of the East Frankish Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345951089#Europe", "title": "882", "revid": 1345951089, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 887, "year_label": "887 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – East Frankish magnates revolt against the inept emperor Charles III (the Fat) in an assembly at Frankfurt, and depose him. His nephew Arnulf of Carinthia, the illegitimate son of former king Carloman of Bavaria, is elected ruler of the East Frankish Kingdom. Charles yields his throne without a struggle, and retires to Neidingen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370364971#Europe", "title": "887", "revid": 1370364971, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 911, "year_label": "911 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24 – King Louis IV (the Child), the last Carolingian ruler of the East Frankish Kingdom, dies at Frankfurt am Main after an 11-year reign. The East Frankish dukes elect Conrad I at Forchheim as the king of the East Frankish Kingdom. Charles III is elected as king of Lotharingia. Conrad is chosen through the influence of Louis' guardian and regent, Hatto I, archbishop of Mainz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372066182#Europe", "title": "AD 911", "revid": 1372066182, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1007, "year_label": "1007 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – King Henry II of Germany founds the Diocese of Bamberg during a synod held in Frankfurt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910071#Religion", "title": "1007", "revid": 1341910071, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1142, "year_label": "1142 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May", "text": "May – Conrad III makes a peace agreement with the 13-year-old Henry the Lion at Frankfurt. He is appointed as duke of Saxony, which territories are deprived from his father, the late Duke Henry the Proud.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362174122#Europe", "title": "1142", "revid": 1362174122, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1197, "year_label": "1197 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Henry VI travels to Italy to persuade Pope Celestine III to crown his infant son Frederick II, who has been elected \"King of the Romans\" at Frankfurt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371224721#Europe", "title": "1197", "revid": 1371224721, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1208, "year_label": "1208 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – Otto IV is elected by the German nobles as king of Germany at Frankfurt. He is engaged to Beatrice and travels to Milan where he receives the Iron Crown and the title of King of Italy, which continues until the end of World War I in 1918.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078934#Europe", "title": "1208", "revid": 1371078934, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1298, "year_label": "1298 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – Battle of Göllheim: German forces of Duke Albert I defeat King Adolf of Nassau at Göllheim over the prince electors' decision, without electoral act – to dethrone Adolf and proclaim Albert the new ruler of Germany at Frankfurt, on July 27. During the battle, Adolf is killed and his army is destroyed with the loss of 3,000 horses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363071319#Europe", "title": "1298", "revid": 1363071319, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1308, "year_label": "1308 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Henry VII Count of Luxemburg, is elected the new Holy Roman Emperor at Frankfurt. The election comes with the support of his brother Baldwin, Archbishop of Trier, who wins over most of the electors, in exchange for some substantial concessions. The only elector who does not support Henry of Luxemburg is Henry of Bohemia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367315343#October_–_December", "title": "1308", "revid": 1367315343, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1400, "year_label": "1400 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – Meeting in Frankfurt, three of the prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire (Rupert, elector of the Palatinate, Rudolf III, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg, elector of Saxony, and Jobst of Moravia, elector of Brandenburg) meet in an attempt to replace the Emperor, Wenceslaus, King of the Romans because of his failure to stamp out civil unrest or to resolve the Western Schism. They select Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg as the replacement for Wenceslaus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369029011#April–June", "title": "1400", "revid": 1369029011, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1446, "year_label": "1446 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21 – In the Holy Roman Empire in Germany, the Electors of Cologne, Trier, Mainz, and the Palatinate, along with representatives of the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg, assemble at Frankfurt-am-Main and create a mutual defense alliance to resist Pope Eugene IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360566332#January–March", "title": "1446", "revid": 1360566332, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1486, "year_label": "1486 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – Archduke Maximilian I of Habsburg is elected King of the Romans at Frankfurt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369024065#January–March", "title": "1486", "revid": 1369024065, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1486, "year_label": "1486 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – At a meeting of six electors of the Holy Roman Empire at Frankfurt-am-Main, the Archduke Maximilian of Austria, is elected as the King of the Romans and ruler of the Germans, as the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369024065#January–March", "title": "1486", "revid": 1369024065, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1495, "year_label": "1495 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Reichskammergericht of the Holy Roman Empire is founded in Frankfurt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256979#Date_unknown", "title": "1495", "revid": 1365256979, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – The Treaty of Frankfurt is signed at Frankfurt-am-Main by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor on behalf of the Empire's Roman Catholic states, and the Lutheran theologian Philip Melanchthon, representative of the Schmalkaldic League of Protestant German states. Effective May 1, the parties agree that no violent actions will be taken by either side against the other during a 15 month truce period.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#April–June", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1546, "year_label": "1546 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28 – In the Imperial counterattack in the Schmalkaldic War, the Holy Roman Empire army attacks Frankfurt, the German stronghold of the Schmalkaldic League, but is forced to retreat after a two-day siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368296265#July–September", "title": "1546", "revid": 1368296265, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1587, "year_label": "1587 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "The chapbook Historia von D. Johann Fausten, printed by Johann Spies in Frankfurt, is the first published version of the Faust story.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478812#Date_unknown", "title": "1587", "revid": 1362478812, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – In the aftermath of the 1613–1614 anti-Jewish pogrom called the Fettmilch uprising in Frankfurt, Germany, mob leader Vincenz Fettmilch is beheaded, but the Jews, who had been expelled from the city on August 23, 1614, following the plundering of the Judengasse, can return only as a result of direct intervention by Holy Roman Emperor Matthias. After long negotiations, the Jews are left without any compensation for their plundered belongings.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#January–February", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1623, "year_label": "1623 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Imprisoned Italian Dominican philosopher Tommaso Campanella's utopian The City of the Sun is published in Latin (as Civitas Solis) in Frankfurt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655899#Date_unknown", "title": "1623", "revid": 1366655899, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1628, "year_label": "1628 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "William Harvey publishes Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus in Frankfurt, containing his findings about blood circulation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352890088#Date_unknown", "title": "1628", "revid": 1352890088, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1658, "year_label": "1658 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – The coronation of Leopold I takes place in Frankfurt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986033#July–September", "title": "1658", "revid": 1365986033, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1712, "year_label": "1712 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 26", "text": "January 26 – The Old Pummerin, a 18,161 kg bell newly installed in the Stephansdom, St. Stephen's Cathedral, in Vienna, is rung for the first time to mark the entry of Charles VI to Vienna from Frankfurt after his coronation as Emperor. It takes a quarter-hour for 16 men pulling on the bell rope to swing the heavy bell back-and-forth enough for the clapper to strike; the resulting forces endanger the tower so the architect orders that in future the bell be rung only by pulling its clapper.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367964331#January–March", "title": "1712", "revid": 1367964331, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1798, "year_label": "1798 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Nathan Mayer Rothschild moves from Frankfurt in the Holy Roman Empire to England, settling up in business as a textile trader and financier in Manchester.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366050846#Date_unknown", "title": "1798", "revid": 1366050846, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Städel, officially the Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, an art museum in Frankfurt, is founded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360316602#Events", "title": "1818 in Germany", "revid": 1360316602, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1832, "year_label": "1832 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 11", "text": "11 July – Provisional postal convention between Belgium and the Office of the Prince of Tour and Taxis signed in Frankfurt am Main.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1241643029#Events", "title": "1832 in Belgium", "revid": 1241643029, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 23", "text": "23 December – Declarations on postal reciprocity between Belgium and the Office of the Prince of Tour and Taxis signed in Frankfurt am Main.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319813380#Events", "title": "1838 in Belgium", "revid": 1319813380, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1848, "year_label": "1848 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – The 'Frankfurt Parliament' (Nationalversammlung), the first German National Assembly, opens in Frankfurt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370038858#April–June", "title": "1848", "revid": 1370038858, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1848, "year_label": "1848 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 18", "text": "18 May - 379 deputies assembled in the Kaisersaal in Frankfurt am Main walked solemnly to the Paulskirche to hold the first session of the German national assembly, under its chairman (by seniority) Friedrich Lang. Heinrich von Gagern became first elected president of Frankfurt Parliament.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330850243#Events", "title": "1848 in Germany", "revid": 1330850243, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January 2", "text": "January 2 – Master Lucius Tar Paint Company (Teerfarbenfabrik Meister Lucius), predecessor of Hoechst as a worldwide chemical manufacturing brand, is founded in a suburb of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363782030#January", "title": "1863", "revid": 1363782030, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1891, "year_label": "1891 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "International Electrotechnical Exhibition in Frankfurt am Main", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331893241#Undated", "title": "1891 in Germany", "revid": 1331893241, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Richard Strauss's orchestral tone poem Also sprach Zarathustra is first performed, in Frankfurt, conducted by the composer.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364785538#November", "title": "1896", "revid": 1364785538, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1929, "year_label": "1929 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "September 30", "text": "September 30 – Fritz von Opel pilots the first rocket-powered aircraft, the Opel RAK.1, in front of a large crowd in Frankfurt am Main.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372436446#September", "title": "1929", "revid": 1372436446, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1957, "year_label": "1957 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – Net als toen, sung by Corry Brokken (music by Guus Jansen, lyrics by Willy van Hemert), wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1957 (held at Frankfurt), for the Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371361971#March", "title": "1957", "revid": 1371361971, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – Werner Heyde, a psychiatrist who had guided the euthanizing of more than 100,000 handicapped persons in Nazi Germany, surrendered to police in Frankfurt after 13 years as a fugitive. As director of the Reich Association of Hospitals, Dr. Heyde had carried out \"Action T4\". Men, women and children who were mentally or physically handicapped were the victims of Heyde's \"mercy killing\" from 1939 to 1942, usually by lethal injection. Sentenced in absentia to death, Heyde had been practicing in Flensburg as \"Dr. Fritz Sawade\". On February 13, 1964, five days before his trial was to start, Dr. Heyde hanged himself at the prison in Butzbach.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348365818#November", "title": "1959 in Germany", "revid": 1348365818, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1968, "year_label": "1968 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 2", "text": "April 2 – Bombs explode at midnight in two department stores in Frankfurt-am-Main; Andreas Baader and Gudrun Ensslin are later arrested and sentenced for arson.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310387#March–April", "title": "1968", "revid": 1371310387, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 6", "text": "September 6 – Dawson's Field hijackings: The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine hijacks four passenger aircraft from Pan Am, TWA and Swissair on flights to New York from Brussels, Frankfurt and Zurich and flies them to a desert airstrip in Jordan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#September", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October", "text": "The Messeturm skyscraper in Frankfurt is completed, making it the tallest building in Europe, a distinction it will carry until 1997, when it is surpassed by the Commerzbank Tower, also in Frankfurt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#October", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20: Algeria's initial case of swine flu has been detected at Houari Boumediene Airport. The sick woman is an Algerian national who resides in Frankfurt, Germany and came to Algiers from Miami, Florida. She was conveyed to El Kettar Hospital for treatment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370065256#June", "title": "2009 in Algeria", "revid": 1370065256, "section": "Events › June"}}]}